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Site Planning SITE PLANNING Angelica N. Francisco, EnP April 9-10, 2016 CHE Multi Purpose Hall Short Course on Environmental Planning 1 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE • Any area which has played a significant role in the history of our country. • Such significance may be: • Historical • Cultural • Archaeological • Sociological • Scientific Short Course on Environmental Planning 2 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING • SITE - A space or ground occupied or to be occupied by a building or a concentration of building developments or human activities that fall under the same land use category; • Through site planning, a site is made suitable for building purposes, human activities, or life sustaining processes; Short Course on Environmental Planning 3 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING • A site for human activities (production and consumption) may be divided into lots, street pattern, and provided with such facilities as water, sewer, power, drainage, etc. • Every site is a unique interconnected web of things and activities that imposes limitations and offers possibilities. • A SITE (“Project Area” or “Planning Area”) varies in size, location and characteristics. Short Course on Environmental Planning 4 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING “ The art of arranging structures on the land and shaping the spaces between; an art linked to architecture, engineering, landscape architecture and city planning.” „ - Site Planning by Kevin Lynch Short Course on Environmental Planning 5 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING “ The art and science of arranging the uses of portions of land. These uses are designated in detail by selecting and analyzing sites, forming land use plans, organizing vehicular and pedestrian circulation, developing visual form and material concepts, readjusting the existing landforms by design grading, providing proper drainage, and developing the construction details necessary to carry out the projects „ - A Guide to Site and Environmental Planning, 1980 by Harvey Rubenstein Short Course on Environmental Planning 6 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING “ Physical Planning is the art and science of ordering the use of land and siting of buildings and communication routes to secure the maximum practicable degree of economy, social amenities, convenience and aesthetics. It involves the following components: physical, social, and economic/administrative „ - UAP Document 203-d Physical Planning Services Short Course on Environmental Planning 7 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING There are two methods of establishing a site: 1. Site Selection Process • The process selects from a list of potential sites one that suits best the given use and requirements of the project. 2. Development Suitability Process • This process selects the best possible use and development suited for a given site. Short Course on Environmental Planning 8 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING A. NATURAL FACTORS Geomorphology Land forms, soil properties (composition, soil texture, bearing capacity, stability, erosion/ erodability, fertility) Topography Elevation, slope Hydrology Surface and ground water, drainage, aquifer recharge areas, depth to seasonal water table Geology Seismic Hazards, depth to bedrock Climate Wind, solar orientation, humidity Vegetation Plant communities, specimen trees, exotic invasive species Wildlife Endangered of threatened species and habitats Short Course on Environmental Planning 9 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING B. CULTURAL FACTORS Existing Land Use Ownership of adjacent property, off-site nuisances Legal Land ownership, land use regulations, easements and deed restrictions Circulation Vehicular and pedestrian circulation on or adjacent to site, traffic volume, street function (arterial, collector) Density and Zoning Legal and regulatory controls Socio-economic factors and sensory (noise, odor, visual quality) Utilities Sanitary, storm-water, water supply, power supply, and communications History factors Historic buildings, landmarks, and archeology Short Course on Environmental Planning 10 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING C. AESTHETIC FACTORS Natural Features Spatial Patterns Spaces and sequences Visual Resources Views Short Course on Environmental Planning 11 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Soil Types and Drainage “Good drainage” refers to the soil‟s ability to transfer gravity water downward, and that the soil is not conducive to prolonged periods of saturation. ‣ Infiltration capacity: rate at which water penetrates the soil surface (cm/hr or inches/hr) ‣ Permeability: rate at which water within the soil moves through a given volume of material (cm/hr or inches/hr) ‣ Percolation: rate at which water is absorbed back by soil ‣ Porosity: capacity of soil or rock to hold water; ratio of the volume of void spaces in a rock or sediment to the total volume of the rock or sediment. “Poor Drainage” is when the soil is frequently or permanently saturated and may have water standing on it. This maybe caused by local accumulation of surface water, or rise in the level of groundwater within the soil because because the soil particles are too small to transmit infiltration 12 Hydrology Hydrology: the science that studies the waters of the earth, their occurrence, circulation and distribution, their chemical and physical properties, and their reaction to the living environment •Intense rainfalls promote highest rate of soil erosion Short Course on Environmental Planning 13 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Hydrology •Aquifer: permeable geological stratum/formation that can both store and transmit groundwater in significant quantities •Watershed: geographic area of land bounded by topographic features and height of land that captures precipitation, filters & stores waters to a shared destination; this is important in water quality and stormwater management 14 Climate Four types: cold, temperate, hot arid & hot humid. Topography, surface materials, plant cover, location of structures, and presence/absence of water have striking impact on the microclimate Solar orientation Best-facing slopes Wind flows 15 Climate Albedo: characteristic of a surface; fraction of total radiant energy of a given wavelength incident on a surface reflected back by that surface Passive Cooling: technology of cooling spaces through proper siting of structure and use of energy-efficient materials, with the overall objective of energy conservation Climate and Green Building 16 Slope Relatively Flat/ Level to Nearly Level 0-3% Easy Grades 4-6% Moderately Undulating to Steeply Sloping 7-14% Steep 14-18% Not alienable and disposable > 18% Rolling to Hilly 18-30% Hilly to Mountainous 30-50% Mountainous & Excessively Steep 50% & up Short Course on Environmental Planning 17 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Slope & Structures Short Course on Environmental Planning 18 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Slope and Angle of Repose Angle of Repose: the maximum angle at which any earth material can be safely inclined and beyond which it wall fall. Soil Stabilization Techniques 19 Slope Analysis An analytical process made on a topographic map that produces an overall pattern of slopes, to help the planner determine the best uses for various portions of the site, along with the feasibility of construction. Slope Requirements* for various Land Uses LAND USE MIN MAX OPTIMUM Housing Sites 0% 20-25% 2% Playgrounds 0.05% 2-3% 1% Public Stairs - 50% 25% Lawns (Mowed) - 25% 2-3% Septic Drainfields 0% 15% Paved Surfaces Parking Lots 0.05% 3% 1% Sidewalks 0% 10% 1% Streets and Roads - 15-17% 1% 20 mph - 12% 70 mph - 4% Industrial Sites Factories 0% 3-4% Parking 0.05% 3% * Requirements vary 20 MAPS A map is a graphical representation of a place or particular phenomena or themes in an area General Map shows a complex of physical and cultural features ‣ Base Map: shows the legal lines (boundaries, easements), utilities, roads, paths, ‣ Vicinity Map: study area in relation to the province/region or important reference points/radius of influence ‣ Aspect Map: shows a particular information needed for analysis purposes; derived from original thematic maps and is a translation/interpretation of base data into customized categories such as severe flooding, severe erosion, steep slopes, etc. Short Course on Environmental Planning 21 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. MAPS Thematic Map depicts a single feature, represents a single them or subject ‣ Topography Map ‣ Climate ‣ Hydrogeology ‣ Slope ‣ Soil ‣ Land Classification ‣ Infrastructure ‣ Cadastral ‣ Land Values ‣ Population Density Short Course on Environmental Planning 22 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. MAPS Analytical Map is a synthesis of two or more variables/thematic maps ‣ Erosion Potential ‣ Flooding Hazard ‣ Land Capability ‣ Soil Suitability ‣ Development Constraints Short Course on Environmental Planning 23 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING PROCESS Data-Gathering Site Selection & Analysis ‣ Site Selection Process: selects a site that suits best the given use and requirements of the project; based on an established criteria ‣ Development Suitability Process: selects the best use and development suited for a given site; site analysis using various tools and procedures ‣ Site analysis involves studying the site in terms of various factors, namely: (1) natural; (2) cultural; (3) aesthetic ‣ In site analysis, it is important to gather existing data about the site and its immediate environs. This involves site reconnaissance, data- gathering/research, and even surveys. Short Course on Environmental Planning 24 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils.
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