Site Planning

Angelica N. Francisco, EnP April 9-10, 2016 CHE Multi Purpose Hall

Short Course on Environmental Planning 1 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE

• Any area which has played a significant role in the history of our country. • Such significance may be: • Historical • Cultural • Archaeological • Sociological • Scientific

Short Course on Environmental Planning 2 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING

• SITE - A space or ground occupied or to be occupied by a building or a concentration of building developments or human activities that fall under the same land use category;

• Through site planning, a site is made suitable for building purposes, human activities, or life sustaining processes;

Short Course on Environmental Planning 3 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING

• A site for human activities (production and consumption) may be divided into lots, street pattern, and provided with such facilities as water, sewer, power, drainage, etc.

• Every site is a unique interconnected web of things and activities that imposes limitations and offers possibilities.

• A SITE (“Project Area” or “Planning Area”) varies in size, location and characteristics.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 4 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING

“ The art of arranging structures on the land and shaping the spaces between; an art linked to architecture, engineering, landscape architecture and city planning.” „

- Site Planning by Kevin Lynch

Short Course on Environmental Planning 5 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING “ The art and science of arranging the uses of portions of land. These uses are designated in detail by selecting and analyzing sites, forming land use plans, organizing vehicular and pedestrian circulation, developing visual form and material concepts, readjusting the existing landforms by design grading, providing proper drainage, and developing the construction details necessary to carry out the projects „ - A Guide to Site and Environmental Planning, 1980 by Harvey Rubenstein

Short Course on Environmental Planning 6 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING “ Physical Planning is the art and science of ordering the use of land and siting of buildings and communication routes to secure the maximum practicable degree of economy, social amenities, convenience and aesthetics. It involves the following components: physical, social, and economic/administrative „ - UAP Document 203-d Physical Planning Services

Short Course on Environmental Planning 7 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING

There are two methods of establishing a site: 1. Site Selection Process • The process selects from a list of potential sites one that suits best the given use and requirements of the project.

2. Development Suitability Process • This process selects the best possible use and development suited for a given site.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 8 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING

A. NATURAL FACTORS

Geomorphology Land forms, soil properties (composition, soil texture, bearing capacity, stability, erosion/ erodability, fertility) Topography Elevation, slope Hydrology Surface and ground water, drainage, aquifer recharge areas, depth to seasonal water table Geology Seismic Hazards, depth to bedrock Climate Wind, solar orientation, humidity Vegetation Plant communities, specimen trees, exotic invasive species Wildlife Endangered of threatened species and habitats Short Course on Environmental Planning 9 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING

B. CULTURAL FACTORS

Existing Land Use Ownership of adjacent property, off-site nuisances Legal Land ownership, land use regulations, easements and deed restrictions Circulation Vehicular and pedestrian circulation on or adjacent to site, traffic volume, street function (arterial, collector) Density and Zoning Legal and regulatory controls Socio-economic factors and sensory (noise, odor, visual quality) Utilities Sanitary, storm-water, water supply, power supply, and communications History factors Historic buildings, landmarks, and archeology Short Course on Environmental Planning 10 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING

C. AESTHETIC FACTORS

Natural Features Spatial Patterns Spaces and sequences Visual Resources Views

Short Course on Environmental Planning 11 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Soil Types and Drainage

“Good drainage” refers to the soil‟s ability to transfer gravity water downward, and that the soil is not conducive to prolonged periods of saturation.

‣ Infiltration capacity: rate at which water penetrates the soil surface (cm/hr or inches/hr) ‣ Permeability: rate at which water within the soil moves through a given volume of material (cm/hr or inches/hr) ‣ Percolation: rate at which water is absorbed back by soil ‣ Porosity: capacity of soil or rock to hold water; ratio of the volume of void spaces in a rock or sediment to the total volume of the rock or sediment.

“Poor Drainage” is when the soil is frequently or permanently saturated and may have water standing on it. This maybe caused by local accumulation of surface water, or rise in the level of groundwater within the soil because because the soil particles are too small to transmit infiltration 12 Hydrology

Hydrology: the science that studies the waters of the earth, their occurrence, circulation and distribution, their chemical and physical properties, and their reaction to the living environment

•Intense rainfalls promote highest rate of soil erosion

Short Course on Environmental Planning 13 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Hydrology

•Aquifer: permeable geological stratum/formation that can both store and transmit groundwater in significant quantities

•Watershed: geographic area of land bounded by topographic features and height of land that captures precipitation, filters & stores waters to a shared destination; this is important in water quality and stormwater management 14 Climate

Four types: cold, temperate, hot arid & hot humid.

Topography, surface materials, plant cover, location of structures, and presence/absence of water have striking impact on the microclimate Solar orientation Best-facing slopes Wind flows

15 Climate

Albedo: characteristic of a surface; fraction of total radiant energy of a given wavelength incident on a surface reflected back by that surface

Passive Cooling: technology of cooling spaces through proper siting of structure and use of energy-efficient materials, with the overall objective of energy conservation

Climate and Green Building

16 Slope

Relatively Flat/ Level to Nearly Level 0-3% Easy Grades 4-6% Moderately Undulating to Steeply Sloping 7-14% Steep 14-18% Not alienable and disposable > 18%

Rolling to Hilly 18-30%

Hilly to Mountainous 30-50%

Mountainous & Excessively Steep 50% & up

Short Course on Environmental Planning 17 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Slope & Structures

Short Course on Environmental Planning 18 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Slope and Angle of Repose

Angle of Repose: the maximum angle at which any earth material can be safely inclined and beyond which it wall fall.

Soil Stabilization Techniques

19 Slope Analysis

An analytical process made on a topographic map that produces an overall pattern of slopes, to help the planner determine the best uses for various portions of the site, along with the feasibility of construction.

Slope Requirements* for various Land Uses

LAND USE MIN MAX OPTIMUM Housing Sites 0% 20-25% 2% Playgrounds 0.05% 2-3% 1% Public Stairs - 50% 25% Lawns (Mowed) - 25% 2-3% Septic Drainfields 0% 15% Paved Surfaces Parking Lots 0.05% 3% 1% Sidewalks 0% 10% 1% Streets and Roads - 15-17% 1% 20 mph - 12% 70 mph - 4% Industrial Sites Factories 0% 3-4% Parking 0.05% 3% * Requirements vary 20 MAPS

A map is a graphical representation of a place or particular phenomena or themes in an area

General Map shows a complex of physical and cultural features ‣ Base Map: shows the legal lines (boundaries, easements), utilities, roads, paths, ‣ Vicinity Map: study area in relation to the province/region or important reference points/radius of influence ‣ Aspect Map: shows a particular information needed for analysis purposes; derived from original thematic maps and is a translation/interpretation of base data into customized categories such as severe flooding, severe erosion, steep slopes, etc.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 21 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. MAPS

Thematic Map depicts a single feature, represents a single them or subject

‣ Topography Map ‣ Climate ‣ Hydrogeology ‣ Slope ‣ Soil ‣ Land Classification ‣ Infrastructure ‣ Cadastral ‣ Land Values ‣ Population Density

Short Course on Environmental Planning 22 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.

MAPS

Analytical Map is a synthesis of two or more variables/thematic maps

‣ Erosion Potential ‣ Flooding Hazard ‣ Land Capability ‣ Soil Suitability ‣ Development Constraints

Short Course on Environmental Planning 23 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING PROCESS

Data-Gathering Site Selection & Analysis ‣ Site Selection Process: selects a site that suits best the given use and requirements of the project; based on an established criteria ‣ Development Suitability Process: selects the best use and development suited for a given site; site analysis using various tools and procedures ‣ Site analysis involves studying the site in terms of various factors, namely: (1) natural; (2) cultural; (3) aesthetic ‣ In site analysis, it is important to gather existing data about the site and its immediate environs. This involves site reconnaissance, data- gathering/research, and even surveys.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 24 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING PROCESS

Organizing Circulation Developing Visual Form and Material Concepts ‣Image of a City Readjusting landforms ‣Site Characteristics and Engineering Principles

Short Course on Environmental Planning 25 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING PROCESS

Short Course on Environmental Planning 26 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING PROCESS

Organizing Circulation

Developing Visual Form and Material Concepts ‣Image of a City

Readjusting landforms ‣Site Characteristics and Engineering Principles

Short Course on Environmental Planning 27 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING – DESIGN PROCESS

Kevin Lynch outlines an eight-stage site planning cycle that includes the following:

1. Defining the problem 2. Programming and the analysis of site and user 3. Schematic design and the preliminary cost estimate 4. Developed design and detailed costing 5. Contract documents 6. Bidding and contracting 7. Construction 8. Occupation and management

Short Course on Environmental Planning 28 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING

John Simond’s Planning-Design Process

Short Course on Environmental Planning 29 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. General Activities of the Site Planning-Design Process

1. Research (pre-project phase) • Program Development • Site Inventory 2. Analysis (site assessment) • Site Analysis and Site Inventory (survey) 3. Synthesis • Conceptual Design • Preliminary Design • Site Plan / Master Plan

Short Course on Environmental Planning 30 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. 1. Research and Analysis Phases

Site Location Existing Conditions • Topography and Slopes 0-2% - Most developable 2-8% - Easily accommodates most categories of development 8-16% - Some development restrictions; upper limits for roads and walks 16-24% - Significant restrictions to most development 24%+ - Generally restricted for development • Geology and Soils • Vegetation • Hydrology and Drainage • Microclimate • Views

Short Course on Environmental Planning 31 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. 2. Program Development

• The development of the program is the bridging step between the analysis and synthesis or design phases. • Kevin Lynch defines the program as composed of the four “P’s”: • “Population” refers to the actual user who may or may not be the client per se. • “Packaging” involves the type and quantities of elements that will be provided in the design. • “Performance” standards set the quality of elements expected, whether in terms of materials or function. • “Patterns” refer to general physical relationships that should be achieved. Short Course on Environmental Planning 32 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. 2. Program Development

• As Simonds explains, in developing the program the designer responds to the client’s initial statement of intent, modified on the basis of what he/she has learned at the end of the analysis phase. • While the analysis is based upon a basic program concept, the potential of the site for development influences the planner’s ultimate program recommendations. The program should include: a. A statement of goals that the project should achieve. b. A list of project objectives by which these goals will be accomplished. c. A list of project elements that will be included and a description or analysis of their interrelationships.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 33 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. 3. Synthesis (Design Phase)

A. Conceptual Design B. Preliminary Design C. Site Plan/ Master Plan D. Design Implementation

Short Course on Environmental Planning 34 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Sequence in Producing a Site Plan

Client wants to Technical team Alternative Site is Key Issues Identified develop a site assembled examined

Site Potential Present and future Discussion with Site inventory Assessed users needs local planners

Alternative Design and Environmental SITE PLAN approval Development management briefs Policies sought by client Concepts examined developed

35 SITE PLANNING

Site planning, then, is the organization of the external physical environment to accommodate human behavior. It deals with the qualities and locations of structures, land, activities, and living things. It creates a pattern of those elements in space and time, which will be subject to continuous future management and change. The technical output – the grading plans, utility layouts, survey locations, planting plans, sketches, diagrams, and specifications, are simply a conventional way of specifying this complex organization.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 36 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE SELECTION CHECKLIST

• Site characteristics – soil conditions, ground water and drainage, slope, elevation,

• Availability of services – availability of sanitary and protective services, removal of waste, power, fuel, and communications

• Availability of community services – public transportation facilities, employment, stores, and markets, schools, churhes, recreation facilities, parks, playgrounds, medical facilities, library

Short Course on Environmental Planning 37 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE SELECTION CHECKLIST

• Livability of site – types of buildings, density of development

• Costs – land costs, development costs, building costs, utility costs

• Maintenance and operating costs – utility costs, grounds maintenance, taxes

• Marketability

• Appearance and general character – kinds of building, design of exteriors, condition of buildings, grounds and streets

Short Course on Environmental Planning 38 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Site Reconnaissance Checklist SURROUNDING AREAS

Short Course on Environmental Planning 39 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Site Reconnaissance Checklist THE SITE

Short Course on Environmental Planning 40 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Data Requirements and Possible Sources

Short Course on Environmental Planning 41 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Site Planning Analysis Format

Short Course on Environmental Planning 42 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING

• Site Planning occurs after Strategic Planning has taken place and after the land use has been decided in relation to social, economic, and environmental needs.

• Site planning is an integral part of land use planning that involves the arrangement of structures, natural or man- made, on the land and shaping the spaces between.

• “Site Planning” involves planning for a smaller urban area already defined for commercial, residential, industrial, recreational, or mixed use development.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 43 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING

• Site planning determines the detailed layout of an area so that it functions effectively in relation to a given range of land uses on the site and others around it.

• Site planning is working out the detail of: 1) what should happen on a given area of land; 2) how it should happen; 3) what it will cost to implement and manage proposed developments on the area of land.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 44 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING

• While land use planning deals with broad policy areas on land use utilization, site planning focuses more on the intimate relationship between man and space and between building and space.

• Site Planning is viewed as a natural extension of land use planning

Short Course on Environmental Planning 45 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING AND LAND USE PLANS

“Site Planning” involves planning for a smaller urban area already defined for commercial, residential, industrial, recreational, or mixed use development. While land use planning deals with broad policy areas on land use utilization, site planning focuses more on the intimate relationship between man and space and between building and space. Site planning determines the detailed layout of an area so that it functions effectively in relation to a given range of land uses on the site and others around it. Site planning is working out the detail of: • 1) what should happen on a given area of land; • 2) how it should happen; • 3) what it will cost to implement and manage proposed developments on the area of land Site Planning References include PD 957, BP 220, HLURB Guidelines, National Building Code, LGU Ordinances and CLUP Handbooks ‣ Density: the intensity of development; Floor-Area-Ratio is one measure/control of density; FAR= total building GFA/lot area ‣ Easement: building setback ‣ Building Height

Short Course on Environmental Planning 46 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. SITE PLANNING AND LAND USE PLANS

• Land use planning deals with broad policy areas on land use utilization, while site planning focuses more on the intimate relationship between man and space and between building and space.

• Site Planning is viewed as a natural extension of land use planning • In the overall development planning process, site planning occurs after land use planning has taken place or after the land use has been decided in relation to social, economic, and environmental needs. 47 AREA DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

• provides an important link between the Physical Framework Plan and Site Planning for the individual projects • provides a detailed framework for decisions on Proposals contained in the Long Range Plan for functional areas of the territory. • was originally focused on „economic development‟ but now encompasses „environmental sustainability,‟ „social viability,‟ „cultural vitality,‟ and „design/architecture‟.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 48 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. AREA ECOLOGICAL PROFILE

Data/Information Description A. Geo-physical Environment 1.0 Land Characteristics 1.1 Geography Indicate relative and absolute location of the site and its boundaries with respect to other plots. A base map or topographic map should be provided to show boundaries of the site. 1.2 Geology and Geomorphology Describe the major geologic structures/faults, land formations, rock outcrops and the relative bearing capacity of the surface and sub-surface materials to carry the weights of structures. Indicates the slope stability, landslide potential, hazard potential, and areas within and along fault lines.

1.3 Topography, Slope, Aspect, Indicate all man-made physical changes on the project area‟s surface such as Elevation bldgs., roads, etc.; shows degree of inclination of a given area, expressed in percentage rise of land relative to its ground distance.

1.4 Drainage, Tributary Patterns, Describe the types of drainage pattern and drainage density. Indicates the name Catchment Area and location of catchment basins in the area on a map.

1.5 Land Classification & Regulatory State the legal classification of the land (i.e., A&D land or classified and Status unclassified forest) and discusses the regulatory status of areas with lease or permits (e.g., reforestation agreements). The land status can be shown on a map. 49 AREA ECOLOGICAL PROFILE

Data/Information Description 1.6 Land Use Describe the current land uses within and around the project area and the extent of coverage. Can be presented on a map. 1.7 Vegetative Cover Describe the current vegetative cover including the number of species, location and density. Can be shown on a map. 1.8 Mineral Resources Locate mineral deposits and mining sites. 1.9 Soils Indicate the types of soil, their characteristics and area of coverage. Indicates the basis for capability classification (i.e. natural characteristics, soil type, existing land use, degree of soil erosion, etc.) 1.10 Disaster Prone Areas Discuss the natural hazards within and around the project area based on available historical eruption, floods and droughts. Can be presented in map form. 2.0 Water Characteristics 2.1 Location and Size of Surface Indicate the important surface water resources within and around the site. Resources Includes location and extent of lakes, reservoir, rivers, irrigation canals, and wetlands. These are best presented using a map. 2.2 Marine/Coastal Resources Provide information on the coastal and marine resources of the area such as mangroves, coral reefs, sea grasses, and aquaculture resources. 2.3 General Groundwater Provide information on the water table, location of wells and springs, aquifer Information recharge and discharge rates, groundwater yield and groundwater. 50 AREA ECOLOGICAL PROFILE

Data/Information Description 2.4 Water Use and Regulation Describe the observed water usage of springs, wells, and surface waters within and around the site by the local population, i.e., bathing, washing, irrigation, fishing, recreation, etc. 2.5 Surface Water/Stream Discuss the importance of the watershed as a source of water, or deterrent Condition against flooding, etc. 2.6 Prevailing Tidal Fluctuations Discuss the prevailing tidal fluctuations in the area. Indicates location of any tide gauging stations. B. Biological Environment 1.0 Vegetation/Flora Describe the terrestrial and aquatic vegetation according to species composition, population densities and distribution, species diversity, distribution f vegetation types, standing crop, etc. 2.0 Fauna Describe the terrestrial and aquatic fauna according to species, population densities and distribution, species diversity, productivity, etc. C. Socio-Cultural Environment 2.0 Quality of the Urban or Rural Discuss in detail the existing general setting where the site is situated to assess Setting the impact of any site development especially in a well-established settlement pattern where potential problems may arise due to the introduction of the new development. People‟s perceptions especially about the existing quality of life within the area should be recorded for future reference. 51 AREA ECOLOGICAL PROFILE

Data/Information Description 3.0 People living in and Discuss the behavioral settings around the project area including the people who live around the Around Project Area project area, the number of structures around the project area and their approximate age, condition and the way they are laid out. 4.0 History of the project area Discuss the historical transformation of the site from the point of view of its changing landscape and significance. Indicates historical objects or sites of interest on or near the site. 5.0 Land ownership and Discuss legal control over the use of the land and how they might affect the site as well as the Planning controls land immediately adjacent to it. Incorporate legal mandates (i.e., regulations on densities, FAR, open land retention, parking, etc.) or restrictions on what may be built on the site. 6.0 Landmarks Discuss distinct features, natural or man-made, which stand outs from the general scene or are remembered by people. 7.0 Landscape Character Discuss the landscape character or visual attributes within and around the project area especially those that cannot be controlled such as mountains, or the community‟s cultural heritage and the way the people have used or maintained the land within the constraints of their local environment. Discusses the factors that operate to keep the landscape looking as it does. 8.0 Views Discusses the natural and man-made elements, patterns, textures and colors within and around the project area which could be preserved, enhanced or screened. 9.0 Power and Utilities Utility trunks and distribution lines for electricity, water, drainage, sewerage 10.0 Roads and Access Major transport channels and the areas serviced by them 52 CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT

•“Clustered Development” is a masterplan that integrates commercial, residential, and other compatible mixed uses

•Characteristics –quality exterior design; architecturally compatible structures –located along an arterial roadway and transit corridor and near commercial center, community, or employment centers

Short Course on Environmental Planning 53 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT

–minimal negative impact on surrounding properties

–separation and screening between buildings so that residents will enjoy privacy in their living units

–building heights, noise, traffic and other development-related impacts are adequately mitigated to protect adjacent property development

Short Course on Environmental Planning 54 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT

–also provide for non-motorized and pedestrian circulation, access and facilities. –substantial ground level landscaping and buffering, preservation of natural areas, substantial stands of trees. Landscaping should be a substantial element of the total exterior appearance, creates an interesting and inviting environment for residents, and softens the appearance of concrete structures.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 55 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT

–Has a variety of recreational facilities

•Many newer residential developments on suburban fringes are planned and built as complete neighborhoods by private development companies

Short Course on Environmental Planning 56 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT

• “Planned Unit Development (PUD) is an integrated development scheme wherein project site is comprehensively planned as a unitary entity such that innovations in site and building design merit flexibility in zoning category, usually suspension of standard zoning and its replacement by negotiated agreements with the LGU.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 57 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT

• A PUD requires a comprehensive development plan for the entire area, usually including residences, roads, schools, recreational facilities and service areas, plus commercial, office and industrial areas, building siting, complementarity of building types and land uses, usable open spaces and the preservation of significant natural land features designed within the context of balance ecology.” 58 PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT

• The purpose of PUD is to provide property owners the flexibility to plan for the development of their land in a manner that clusters new homes onto small lots while preserving large areas for agricultural use or as undeveloped open space.

• PUD provisions can specify the percentage of land that should be set aside (not subdivided into building lots or developed).

• The minimum set aside is typically 40% or more of the original parcel.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 59 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT

• PUD standards may include requirements for easements and/or deed restrictions to prevent additional development.

• Municipalities can require a management plan for open spaces or natural areas to be held in some form of common ownership.

60 Clustered vs Planned Unit Development (PUD)

CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT PUD masterplan that integrates commercial, residential & other compatible mixed integrated development scheme wherein a project site uses is comprehensively planned as a unitary entity such that characteristics innovations in site and building design merit flexibility in zoning category, ‣ quality exterior design; architecturally compatible structures usually suspension of standard zoning and its replacement by negotiated agreements with the LGU ‣ located along an arterial roadway and transit corridor and near commercial center, community, or employment centers requires a comprehensive development plan for the entire ‣ area, usually including residences, roads, schools, recreational minimal negative impact on surrounding properties facilities and service areas, plus commercial, office and industrial ‣ separation and screening between buildings so that residents will enjoy privacy areas, building siting, complementarity of building types and land uses, in their living units usable open spaces and the preservation of significant natural land ‣ building heights, noise, traffic and other development-related impacts are features designed within the context of balance ecology.” adequately mitigated to protect adjacent property development •density bonuses ‣ also provide for non-motorized and pedestrian circulation, access and facilities. • ‣ substantial ground level landscaping and buffering, preservation of natural purpose of PUD is to provide property owners areas, substantial stands of trees. Landscaping should be a substantial element of the flexibility to plan for the development of their land in a the total exterior appearance, creates an interesting and inviting environment for manner that clusters new homes onto small lots while residents, and softens the appearance of concrete structures. preserving large areas for agricultural use or as undeveloped open space. ‣ Has a variety of recreational facilities ‣ mostly new residential developments on suburban fringes are developed as complete neighborhoods by private developers

61 PUD and Density Bonuses

• Municipalities can be creative and use density bonuses as a “carrot” to promote a range of community goals and increase use of PUD provisions.

• A density bonus of 1.0% for every additional 0.5% of the original parcel set aside as undevelopable above the minimum 40% set aside required

Short Course on Environmental Planning 62 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. PUD and Density Bonuses

• To encourage clustering and conserving large blocks of undeveloped lands, density bonuses are linked to the percentage of the original parcel being set aside. The more land the subdivider is willing to conserve, the greater the bonus received.

• The density bonus results in more lots or units than would otherwise be allowed based on zoning district regulations.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 63 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. PUD and Density Bonuses

Short Course on Environmental Planning 64 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. CIRCULATION

Movement of people and vehicles within the site Information on existing circulation patterns is critical in order to minimize, if not eliminate, potential increase in the level of congestion, traffic hazards, and other inconveniences related to the proposed development Traffic hazards are associated with high speed, heavy circulation and dangerous roads and intersections 65 CIRCULATION

Vehicular Circulation should have adequate width and slope to accommodate anticipated number and types of vehicles Pedestrians should be wide enough to accommodate two-way traffic Road hierarchy helps define zones ‣ Road Right-of-Way (RROW): carriageway + sidewalk/s Traffic Impact Analysis

Short Course on Environmental Planning 66 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. STREETS

• Practical minimum distance between intersections on the major arterial highway should be 250 to 300 meters.

• NO through streets should be provided

• All circulation should be directed around the periphery of the development to the major arterial road.

• Each land of traffic will carry from 600 to 800 cars per hour.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 67 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. STREETS

• Horizontal alignment of all collector, minor, loop and access streets – minimum of 60 feet in clear distance

• Vertical alignment should not exceed a grade differential of 6 to 8 percent.

• Sidewalks when used should be a minimum of 1.20 m wide.

• When trees are planted between the curb and the sidewalk should be set back approximately 8 feet.

• If no trees are used the setback should be 1.20 m.

Short Course on Environmental Planning 68 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. STREETS

A street grid provides many advantages:

• Walkability is improved through increased connections and shorter street segments. • On street parking reduces the need for large surface parking lots. • Traffic is dispersed, with more options for planning your route. • The grid is transit and bicycle friendly. Image: Peter Calthorpe 69 TYPES OF STREETS

Major Roads or Major Arterials

Secondary Roads or Minor Arterials

Collector Streets

Local Streets

Cul-de-sac

Short Course on Environmental Planning 70 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. STREET PATTERNS

Short Course on Environmental Planning 71 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Parking Related Laws and Regulations

National Building Code (NBC) The Subdivision and Condominium Buyer‟s Protective Decree (PD 957)

National Building Code: . 1 slot per 8 living units (less than 50 m2) . 1 slot per 4 units (50-100 m2) . 1 slot per unit (>100m2)  MACEA guidelines (Makati): 1 slot per 100 m2 GFA  OCA guidelines (Ortigas): 1 slot per 90 m2

Short Course on Environmental Planning 72 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Site Planning FOR A SAMPLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

Short Course on Environmental Planning 73 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. Site Planning FOR A SAMPLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

Short Course on Environmental Planning 74 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. READING ASSIGNMENTS:

• National Building Code • PD 957 and BP 220 • HLURB enhanced guidebook • UDHA (RA 7279) • Water Code (PD 1067)

Short Course on Environmental Planning 75 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. REFERENCES:

• “Site Planning and Analysis” Retrieved from http://www.rri.wvu.edu/webbook/mcbride/section3.html • “Introduction to Site Planning” Muhammad Salaha Uddin, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology. Retrieved from http://www.kuet.ac.bd/webportal/ppmv2/uploads/1403705050lecture_01.pdf • Rye, D.S. Lecture notes on Site Planning • Cultural Attributes in Site Planning PPT • Art of Site Planning PPT • Ekistics Site Planning and Urban Design PPT by A. Cadavos • “Site Planning” Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/xthianescala/site-planning-kevin- lynch • Ces Orquina. Settlements, Urban Design & Site Planning

Short Course on Environmental Planning 76 DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.

THANK YOU!

Short Course on Environmental Planning DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.