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(DLR): an Undescribed Behavior in Bumble Bees
The disturbance leg-lift response (DLR): an undescribed behavior in bumble bees Christopher A. Varnon, Noelle Vallely, Charlie Beheler and Claudia Coffin Department of Psychology, Converse College, Spartanburg, SC, United States of America ABSTRACT Background. Bumble bees, primarily Bombus impatiens and B. terrestris, are becoming increasingly popular organisms in behavioral ecology and comparative psychology research. Despite growing use in foraging and appetitive conditioning experiments, little attention has been given to innate antipredator responses and their ability to be altered by experience. In this paper, we discuss a primarily undescribed behavior, the disturbance leg-lift response (DLR). When exposed to a presumably threatening stimulus, bumble bees often react by lifting one or multiple legs. We investigated DLR across two experiments. Methods. In our first experiment, we investigated the function of DLR as a prerequisite to later conditioning research. We recorded the occurrence and sequence of DLR, biting and stinging in response to an approaching object that was either presented inside a small, clear apparatus containing a bee, or presented directly outside of the subject's apparatus. In our second experiment, we investigated if DLR could be altered by learning and experience in a similar manner to many other well-known bee behaviors. We specifically investigated habituation learning by repeatedly presenting a mild visual stimulus to samples of captive and wild bees. Results. The results of our first experiment show that DLR and other defensive behaviors occur as a looming object approaches, and that the response is greater when proximity to the object is lower. More importantly, we found that DLR usually occurs first, rarely precedes biting, and often precedes stinging. -
State Attorney Will Not Charge Man Who Shot, Killed 17-Year-Old During Burglary
WEEKEND: SEPT. 6-8, 2020 FLORIDA LEAGUE AWARDS NO NEED TO FEAR Diego Garcia of the DeLand Seminole County Master Suns wins David Eckstein Gardener talks about Sportsmanship Award Wasp Mimics See Sports, Page 8 See People, Page 5 SANFORD HERALD LAKE MARY, LONGWOOD, WINTER SPRINGS, OVIEDO, GENEVA, CASSELBERRY, OSTEEN, CHULUOTA, ALTAMONTE SPRINGS, DEBARY Vol. 130, No. 9 • © 2020 READ US ONLINE AT: MYSANFORDHERALD.COM Since 1908 HEADLINES FROM Sanford CRA approves funding to renovate Superintendent Walt Griffin ASSOCIATED PRESS announces retirement Your daily look at late-breaking Welcome Center into Information Center news, upcoming events and the sto- By Steve Paradis ries that will be talked about today: By Steve Paradis Herald Staff Herald Staff BIDEN TO TEST PROMISE TO Dr. Walt Griffin, superintendent of Seminole UNIFY NATION The Sanford Community Re- County Public Schools, has announced his re- development Agency voted tirement after 40 years as an educator, 37 of The Democrat travels to unanimously to enter into two which were served in Kenosha, Wisconsin — a city agreements to change the His- Seminole County. wrenched by police and protest toric Sanford Welcome Center For now, the plan is for violence — where he believes he into the new Sanford Informa- Griffin to finish out the can help community leaders find tion Center. Members also ap- school year, but a superin- common ground. proved spending $12,000 for the tendent search will begin digital marketing of Sanfording next week, said Michael VIDEO: ROCHESTER POLICE Safely. Lawrence, district commu- DEATH FEATURED HOOD On June 8, the Sanford City nication officer. If someone Commission approved $30,000 is found, then Griffin will A Black man who had run toward renovation of the build- naked through the streets of a ing into a new business center Dr. -
Alternative Plants for Development of Picturewinged Fly Pests of Maize
DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2012.01245.x Alternative plants for development of picture-winged fly pests of maize Gaurav Goyal1, Gregg S. Nuessly1*, Dakshina R. Seal2,GaryJ.Steck3, John L. Capinera4 & Kenneth J. Boote5 1Everglades Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida (UF), 3200 E. Palm Beach Rd., Belle Glade, FL 33430, USA, 2Tropical Research and Education Center, UF, IFAS, 18905 S.W. 280 St., Homestead, FL 33031, USA, 3Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, PO Box 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614, USA, 4Department of Entomology and Nematology, UF, IFAS, PO Box 110620, Gaines- ville, FL 32611, USA, and 5Agronomy Department, UF, IFAS, PO Box 110500, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Accepted: 9 February 2012 Key words: Euxesta eluta, Euxesta stigmatias, Chaetopsis massyla, Poaceae, alternate hosts, sugarcane, corn, capsicum, Diptera, Ulidiidae, Zea mays Abstract Eleven species of picture-winged flies (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Lipsanini) have been reported attacking maize [Zea mays L. (Poaceae)] ears in the Americas. Four of these species are sweet corn pests in America north of Mexico: Chaetopsis massyla (Walker), Euxesta annonae (Fabricius), E. eluta Loew, and E. stigmatias Loew. Adults of these four species appear at the beginning of each season following maize-free periods, suggesting other plants act as food sources for maintenance and development of these flies. Studies were conducted in Florida, USA, to evaluate the suitability of several crop and non-crop plants commonly occurring near maize plantings as developmental hosts for these flies. Laboratory trials were conducted using laboratory colonies of C. -
Zootaxa, Pupal Cases of Nearctic Robber Flies (Diptera: Asilidae)
ZOOTAXA 1868 Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) D. STEVE DENNIS, JEFFREY K. BARNES & LLOYD KNUTSON Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand D. STEVE DENNIS, JEFFREY K. BARNES & LLOYD KNUTSON Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) (Zootaxa 1868) 98 pp.; 30 cm. 3 Sept. 2008 ISBN 978-1-86977-265-9 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-266-6 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2008 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2008 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 1868 © 2008 Magnolia Press DENNIS ET AL. Zootaxa 1868: 1–98 (2008) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2008 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) D. STEVE DENNIS1, JEFFREY K. BARNES2,4 & LLOYD KNUTSON3 11105 Myrtle Wood Drive, St. Augustine, Florida 32086, USA; e-mail: [email protected] 2University of Arkansas, Department of Entomology, 319 Agriculture Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA; e-mail: jbar- [email protected] 3Systematic Entomology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. -
9 the Evolution of Imperfect Mimicry
09Insect Evolutionary 25/1/05 15:47 Page 231 9 The Evolution of Imperfect Mimicry FRANCIS GILBERT School of Biology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK 1. Ideas about mimicry Apart from some notable exceptions, mimicry and brightly coloured aposematic patterns have been discussed by biologists mainly from three very different points of view, each making unrealistic assumptions about aspects of the other two (Mallet and Joron, 1999). The most obvious in the voluminous literature (see Komarek, 1998) is the insect natural history approach, used by both naturalists and professional biologists, which has simplistic ideas about the ways in which predators behave and of their evolutionary impact on their prey. The second is a modelling approach, that of evolutionary dynamics: this virtually ignores predator behaviour and any details of the interactions between predators and their prey. The final viewpoint is centred on the details of predator behaviour, but this is often simplistic about the evolutionary dynamics, and can make unrealistic assumptions about the psychological processes of learning and forgetting. A gradual synthesis is taking place between these viewpoints, partly in response to the inadequacy of older theory to explain the phenomenon of imperfect mimicry. In this chapter, I outline the basic ideas of mimicry theory, and show how they fail to account for the commonly imperfectly mimetic patterns of the main taxonomic group in the Holarctic that contains mimics; the hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae). I review the relevant information about this group, and assess a variety of new theories of imperfect mimicry, which have been put forward largely to account for the evolution of their colour patterns. -
Mined Species. Visits, Thus Securing a Number of New and Interesting
59.57,7(75.9) Article 111.- INSECTS OF FLORIDA. I. DIPTERA. BY CHARLES W. JOHNSON. In 1895 the writer prepared a list of the Diptera of Florida,' based chiefly on material collected while living in St. Augustine, 1880-88, a collecting trip in March, 1891, and again in 1894, a collection made by Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson, the collection of Mr. Charles Robertson, and the collec- tion of the U. S. National Museum. The list contained about 450 deter- mined species. Since that time Mrs. Slosson has continued collecting during her winter visits, thus securing a number of new and interesting species, many of which were determined by the late D. W. Coquillett. The American Museum of Natural History has sent several expeditions to the State and much valuable material was obtained by Dr. Frank E. Lutz and Mr. John A.. Grossbeck. Mr. Millard C. Van Duzee in the Spring of 1908 added many interesting species and data. To Messrs. Wm. T. Davis, C. H. T. Townsend, J. Chester Bradley, C. P. Whitney and Philip Laurent I arn also indebted for a num- ber of additional species and data. In this list I have tried to give sufficient synonymy and notes so that where I have corrected the previous list the names of the two can always be correlated notwithstanding the great changes that have taken place in the nomenclature. To keep abreast of the changes which are constantly being made, I have been obliged to discard many of the genera used in Aldrich's catalogue. While I do not favor radical changes in a faunal list, it does not seem desirable to longer perpetuate names that we know will have to be changed, and the sooner these older names are adopted, the better it will be for dipterology. -
(Diptera, Otitidae) of Australasian Regions
OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF BERNICE P. BISHOP MUSEUM HONOLULU, HAWAII Volume XX February 22, 1952 Number 15 Ulidiinae (Diptera, Otitidae) of Australasian Regions By GEORGE C. STEYSKAL GROSSI; ILlI, MICHIGAN INTRODUCTION By far the greater part of the Otitidae of the Australasian re gions-which include the Oriental, the Australian, the Indo-Malayan, and the Oceanic-pertain to the subfamily Platystominae. However, a few are to be referred to the Ulidiinae. a subfamily sometimes given the rank of family as Ulitliidae, though in my experience the tlis tinctions are not sharp enough to warrant it. The Ulidiinae find their greatest development in the American tropics. They may be distinguished from other Otitidae by the fol lowing characters: (a) first longitudinal wing vein (R1+,,) bare, if with setulae (Neoeu.t:esta, Pareuxesta) the following characters are present; (b) anal cell of wing drawn out at posterior apex into a sharp point or even into a long narrow extension; (c) subcostal cell of wing (stigma) not enlarged; (d) integument largely of metallic coloration. At the time of Hendel's review of the group (Genera Insectorum, fasc. 106, 1910) only the following four species were known from the Australasian regions: Physiphora aenea, P. longicornis, Pseu deuxesta prima, Acrosticta apicalis. Malloch has published several records, ancl I am here describing a few new species. The list now stands as follows. CHECKLIST OF AUSTRALASIAN ULIDIINAE *1. Acrosticta apicalis (Williston). 2. Euxesta hyalipennis Malloch. 278 Bernice P. Bishop Museuln-Occasional Papers XX, 15 3. Euxesta laffooni, new species. 4. Euxesta pruinosa Malloch. *5. Euxesta quadrivittata (Macquart). 6. -
Avian Diet and Visual Perception Suggests Avian Predation Selects for Color Pattern Mimicry in Bumble Bees
AVIAN DIET AND VISUAL PERCEPTION SUGGESTS AVIAN PREDATION SELECTS FOR COLOR PATTERN MIMICRY IN BUMBLE BEES BY JOHN M. MADDUX THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Urbana, Illinois Master’s Committee: Professor Sydney A. Cameron, Chair, Director of Research Professor Andrew V. Suarez Assistant Professor Michael P. Ward ABSTRACT Mimicry theory was developed by H. W. Bates and F. Müller based on their observations of similarities among butterflies, and since publication their theories have been used to explain numerous other mimicry systems. Bumble bees can be found in throughout the temperate parts of the word, as well as the high mountains and polar regions. In any given area, the local bumble bee species tend to share the same color patterns. Statistical confirmation of these trends has resulted in the hypothesis that these similarity groups are Müllerian mimicry rings. Bumble bee color patterns are thought to convey protection from avian predators, thus creating selection for fewer, more effective color patterns. Evidence for birds as predators of bumble bees primarily comprises logical arguments bolstered by only a few laboratory studies and empirical accounts. Although the hypothesis that birds are bumble bee predators driving the evolution of Müllerian mimicry is well reasoned and has some evidential support, strong experimental data are lacking. To test the effects of bumble bee color pattern on avian attack frequency, I created bumble bee models from soft plasticine with local, novel, and non-aposematic color patterns. -
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
SMITUSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 270 CATALOGUE OF THE DESCRIBED D I P T E R A NORTH AMERICA. BY C. R. OSTEN SACKEN. [second edition.] WASHINGTON: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 18Y8. 1 i I I ADVERTISEMENT. I The present work was undertaken by Baron C. R. Osten Sacken, of Russia, as a revision and extension of a Catalogue I of Diptera prepared by him twenty years ago, and published by the Smithsonian Institution in Volume III. of its Miscellaneous Collections. It is, however, not merely a new edition of the volume in question, but an entirely new work, constituting a valuable contribution to our knowledge of the entomology of Xorth America. SPENCER F. BAIRD, Secretary Smithsonian Institution. Washington, October, 1878. (iii) ( I P E E F A C E. The aim of this work requires no explanation. A complete inventory of a branch of entomological science, at a given- moment of its existence, is the best means for promoting its ad- vancement. Nor does the imperfection of a publication of this kind require an apology; any fair-minded reader is aware that the chief merit to be expected is completeness, and that whenever this is fairly attained, the usefulness of the work will far sur- pass its shortcomings. It remains for me therefore, only to ex- plain the rules that I have followed in preparing this Catalogue. Relation of the peesent catalogue to that of 1858. The first Catalogue of North American Diptera, published by me twenty years ago , was , and was meant to be , merely a com- pilation of the existing literature on the subject. -
Zootaxa, Pupal Cases of Nearctic Robber Flies (Diptera: Asilidae)
ZOOTAXA 1868 Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) D. STEVE DENNIS, JEFFREY K. BARNES & LLOYD KNUTSON Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand D. STEVE DENNIS, JEFFREY K. BARNES & LLOYD KNUTSON Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) (Zootaxa 1868) 98 pp.; 30 cm. 3 Sept. 2008 ISBN 978-1-86977-265-9 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-266-6 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2008 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2008 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 1868 © 2008 Magnolia Press DENNIS ET AL. Zootaxa 1868: 1–98 (2008) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2008 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) D. STEVE DENNIS1, JEFFREY K. BARNES2,4 & LLOYD KNUTSON3 11105 Myrtle Wood Drive, St. Augustine, Florida 32086, USA; e-mail: [email protected] 2University of Arkansas, Department of Entomology, 319 Agriculture Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA; e-mail: jbar- [email protected] 3Systematic Entomology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. -
Ukrentfau 10 2 01 Dvorak Et Al.Indd
Українська ентомофауністика 2019, 10(2) : 1–6 Дата публікації: 19.12.2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3584947 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3EB6307F-E41D-4CFB-AA9C-FECCF863B3D7 Some insects from beer traps in Westernmost Ukraine L. Dvořák1, J.-P. Haenni2, K. Dvořáková1, E.P. Kameneva3, R. Mariychuk4, P. Manko4, J. Oboňa4& V.A. Korneyev 3 1 Tři Sekery, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Neuchâtel, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] 3 I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 4 University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Dvořák, L., Haenni, J.-P., Dvořáková, K., Kameneva, E.P., Mariychuk, R., Manko, P., Oboňa, J. & Korneyev, V.A. Some insects from beer traps in westernmost Ukraine. — The results of beer trapping from westernmost Ukraine (Uzhhorod and Mukacheve Raion) are presented. From all obtained insect taxa more attention was dedicated to selected groups: Dermaptera, Diptera (Anisopodidae, Bibionidae, Heleomyzidae, Lauxaniidae, Scatopsidae and Ulidiidae) and Mecoptera. Altogether 17 taxa were recorded. Four species, namely bibionid Dilophus bispinosus Lundström, 1913, scatopsids Scatopse notata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Apiloscatopse scutellata (Loew, 1846), and scorpion- flyPanorpa vulgaris Imhoff & Labram, 1845 represent the first records from Ukraine, and the records ofCallopistromyia annulipes Macquart, 1855 and Euxesta notata (Wiedemann, 1830) are verified. Key words: Diptera, Dermaptera, Mecoptera, beer traps, first records. Дворжак, Л., Енні, Ж.-П.., Дворжакова, К., Каменєва, О.П., Марійчук, Р., Манько, П., Обоня, Й. -
Transportability of Non‐Target Arthropod Field Data for the Use In
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Repositorio Academico Digital UANL Received: 20 June 2017 | Accepted: 18 January 2018 DOI: 10.1111/jen.12499 ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Transportability of non- target arthropod field data for the use in environmental risk assessment of genetically modified maize in Northern Mexico J. L. Corrales Madrid1 | J. L. Martínez Carrillo2 | M. B. Osuna Martínez2 | H. A. Durán Pompa3 | J. Alonso Escobedo4 | F. Javier Quiñones5 | J. A. Garzón Tiznado1 | L. Castro Espinoza2 | F. Zavala García3 | A. Espinoza Banda4 | J. González García5 | C. Jiang6 | C. R. Brown6 | J. M. de la F. Martínez7 | O. Heredia Díaz6 | J. E. Whitsel6 | P. Asiimwe6 | B. M. Baltazar6 | A. Ahmad6 1Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Abstract Sinaloa, Mexico In country, non- target arthropod (NTA) field evaluations are required to comply with the 2 Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Dirección regulatory process for cultivation of genetically modified (GM) maize in Mexico. Two de Recursos Naturales, Obregón, Sonora, Mexico sets of field trials, Experimental Phase and Pilot Phase, were conducted to identify any 3Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad potential harm of insect- protected and glyphosate- tolerant maize (MON- Autónoma de Nuevo León, Escobedo, Nuevo 89Ø34- 3 × MON- 88Ø17- 3 and MON- 89Ø34-3 × MON- ØØ6Ø3- 6) and glyphosate- León, Mexico 4Unidad Laguna, Universidad Autónoma tolerant maize (MON- ØØ6Ø3- 6) to local NTAs compared to conventional maize. NTA Agraria Antonio Narro, Torreón, Coahuila, abundance data were collected at 32 sites, providing high geographic and environmen- Mexico tal diversity within maize production areas from four ecological regions (ecoregions) in 5Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de northern Mexico.