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Middle East Unit: Reading and Questions Part 1: Introduction Located at the Junction of Three Continents—Europe,
Middle East Unit: Reading and Questions Part 1: Introduction Located at the junction of three continents—Europe, Asia, and Africa—the region known as the Middle East has historically been a crossroads for conquerors, peoples, trade, and ideas as well as a transition zone for political and cultural interaction. Today the Middle East’s strategic location as a tricontinental hub, its vast petroleum reserves, its importance to Muslims, Christians, and Jews alike, and its many political disputes give it a global significance out of proportion to its size. The Middle East is a culturally, politically, and economically diverse region that extends for some 5,000 miles (8,000 kilometers) from west to east and some 2,000 miles (3,200 kilometers) from north to south. It is made up of several countries located on or near the southern and eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Although definitions vary, it is generally understood to encompass Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel, the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank, Iran, Iraq, and the Arabian Peninsula, which comprises Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait. The part of the region closest to Europe formerly was known as the Near East, and some agencies still use that term instead of the Middle East to describe the entire region. 1. What are the 3 continents that house the “Middle East”? 2. What are they known for? 3. Label your map with the countries and bodies of waters in this text. Color the waters blue and the countries each a different color. -
Genome-Wide Data Substantiate Holocene Gene Flow from India To
Genome-wide data substantiate Holocene gene flow from India to Australia Irina Pugacha,1, Frederick Delfina,b, Ellen Gunnarsdóttira,c, Manfred Kayserd, and Mark Stonekinga aDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; bDNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; cdeCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; and dDepartment of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Edited by James O’Connell, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, and approved November 27, 2012 (received for review July 21, 2012) The Australian continent holds some of the earliest archaeological ancestry living in Utah (CEU); Han Chinese individuals from evidence for the expansion of modern humans out of Africa, with Beijing, China (CHB); and Gujarati Indians from Houston, TX initial occupation at least 40,000 y ago. It is commonly assumed (GIH) (19). The final dataset comprised 344 individuals (Table that Australia remained largely isolated following initial coloniza- S1 and Fig. 1); and after data cleaning and integration, we had tion, but the genetic history of Australians has not been explored in 458,308 autosomal SNPs for the analysis. detail to address this issue. Here, we analyze large-scale genotyp- ing data from aboriginal Australians, New Guineans, island South- Results east Asians and Indians. We find an ancient association between Genetic Relationships Between Populations. First, to place aborigi- Australia, New Guinea, and the Mamanwa (a Negrito group from nal Australians into a global context, we carried out principal fi the Philippines), with divergence times for these groups estimated component analysis (PCA) (20). -
Number of Living Species in Australia and the World
Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World 2nd edition Arthur D. Chapman Australian Biodiversity Information Services australia’s nature Toowoomba, Australia there is more still to be discovered… Report for the Australian Biological Resources Study Canberra, Australia September 2009 CONTENTS Foreword 1 Insecta (insects) 23 Plants 43 Viruses 59 Arachnida Magnoliophyta (flowering plants) 43 Protoctista (mainly Introduction 2 (spiders, scorpions, etc) 26 Gymnosperms (Coniferophyta, Protozoa—others included Executive Summary 6 Pycnogonida (sea spiders) 28 Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta under fungi, algae, Myriapoda and Ginkgophyta) 45 Chromista, etc) 60 Detailed discussion by Group 12 (millipedes, centipedes) 29 Ferns and Allies 46 Chordates 13 Acknowledgements 63 Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, etc) 31 Bryophyta Mammalia (mammals) 13 Onychophora (velvet worms) 32 (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) 47 References 66 Aves (birds) 14 Hexapoda (proturans, springtails) 33 Plant Algae (including green Reptilia (reptiles) 15 Mollusca (molluscs, shellfish) 34 algae, red algae, glaucophytes) 49 Amphibia (frogs, etc) 16 Annelida (segmented worms) 35 Fungi 51 Pisces (fishes including Nematoda Fungi (excluding taxa Chondrichthyes and (nematodes, roundworms) 36 treated under Chromista Osteichthyes) 17 and Protoctista) 51 Acanthocephala Agnatha (hagfish, (thorny-headed worms) 37 Lichen-forming fungi 53 lampreys, slime eels) 18 Platyhelminthes (flat worms) 38 Others 54 Cephalochordata (lancelets) 19 Cnidaria (jellyfish, Prokaryota (Bacteria Tunicata or Urochordata sea anenomes, corals) 39 [Monera] of previous report) 54 (sea squirts, doliolids, salps) 20 Porifera (sponges) 40 Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria) 55 Invertebrates 21 Other Invertebrates 41 Chromista (including some Hemichordata (hemichordates) 21 species previously included Echinodermata (starfish, under either algae or fungi) 56 sea cucumbers, etc) 22 FOREWORD In Australia and around the world, biodiversity is under huge Harnessing core science and knowledge bases, like and growing pressure. -
Countries and Continents of the World: a Visual Model
Countries and Continents of the World http://geology.com/world/world-map-clickable.gif By STF Members at The Crossroads School Africa Second largest continent on earth (30,065,000 Sq. Km) Most countries of any other continent Home to The Sahara, the largest desert in the world and The Nile, the longest river in the world The Sahara: covers 4,619,260 km2 The Nile: 6695 kilometers long There are over 1000 languages spoken in Africa http://www.ecdc-cari.org/countries/Africa_Map.gif North America Third largest continent on earth (24,256,000 Sq. Km) Composed of 23 countries Most North Americans speak French, Spanish, and English Only continent that has every kind of climate http://www.freeusandworldmaps.com/html/WorldRegions/WorldRegions.html Asia Largest continent in size and population (44,579,000 Sq. Km) Contains 47 countries Contains the world’s largest country, Russia, and the most populous country, China The Great Wall of China is the only man made structure that can be seen from space Home to Mt. Everest (on the border of Tibet and Nepal), the highest point on earth Mt. Everest is 29,028 ft. (8,848 m) tall http://craigwsmall.wordpress.com/2008/11/10/asia/ Europe Second smallest continent in the world (9,938,000 Sq. Km) Home to the smallest country (Vatican City State) There are no deserts in Europe Contains mineral resources: coal, petroleum, natural gas, copper, lead, and tin http://www.knowledgerush.com/wiki_image/b/bf/Europe-large.png Oceania/Australia Smallest continent on earth (7,687,000 Sq. -
A Comparison of the Constitutions of Australia and the United States
Buffalo Law Review Volume 4 Number 2 Article 2 1-1-1955 A Comparison of the Constitutions of Australia and the United States Zelman Cowan Harvard Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/buffalolawreview Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Constitutional Law Commons Recommended Citation Zelman Cowan, A Comparison of the Constitutions of Australia and the United States, 4 Buff. L. Rev. 155 (1955). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/buffalolawreview/vol4/iss2/2 This Leading Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Buffalo Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A COMPARISON OF THE CONSTITUTIONS OF AUSTRALIA AND THE UNITED STATES * ZELMAN COWAN** The Commonwealth of Australia celebrated its fiftieth birth- day only three years ago. It came into existence in January 1901 under the terms of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, which was a statute of the United Kingdom Parliament. Its origin in a 1 British Act of Parliament did not mean that the driving force for the establishment of the federation came from outside Australia. During the last decade of the nineteenth cen- tury, there had been considerable activity in Australia in support of the federal movement. A national convention met at Sydney in 1891 and approved a draft constitution. After a lapse of some years, another convention met in 1897-8, successively in Adelaide, Sydney and Melbourne. -
Fitting in Or Falling Out? Australia's Place in the Asia-Pacific Regional
FITTING IN OR FALLING OUT? AUSTRALIA’S PLACE IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGIONAL ECONOMY Mark Beeson alliance.ussc.edu.au October 2012 US STUDIES CENTRE | ALLIANCE 21 FITTING IN OR FALLING OUT? AUSTRALIA’S PLACE IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGIONAL ECONOMY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ■■ At■the■centre■of■the■new■economic■and■political■realities■that■shape■the■Asia- Pacific■region■is■the■relationship■between■China■and■the■United■States,■Australia’s■ The Alliance 21 Program is a multi-year research initiative respective■principal■trade■partner■and■long-standing■security■guarantor. that examines the historically strong Australia-United ■■ Australia■needs■to■adapt■to■new■market■forces■in■the■international■ States relationship and works to address the challenges economy■in■order■to■escape■the■resource■curse. and opportunities ahead as the alliance evolves in a changing Asia. Based within the United States Studies ■ ■ Despite■the■changing■dynamics■of■the■region■and■the■potential■rivalries■that■may■ Centre at the University of Sydney, the program was exist,■Australia■must■ensure■its■national■interests■continue■to■be■advanced. launched by the Australian Prime Minister in 2011 as a public-private partnership to develop new insights and policy ideas. Australia is caught between two worlds. On one hand, it has the opportunity to take advantage of Asia’s rise and intergrate with Asian economies in order to guarantee its inclusion in the region’s rapid growth. On the other The Australian Government and corporate partners Boral, hand, it faces a series of challenges. Asian economies are developing with great speed and promise. Adapting Dow, News Corp Australia, and Northrop Grumman to changing market complementarity and escaping the resource-curse will be crucial to Australia ‘fitting in’. -
Adaptation of Arab Immigrants to Australia: Psychological, Social' Cultural and Educational Aspects
,l q o") 'no ADAPTATION OF ARAB IMMIGRANTS TO AUSTRALIA: PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL' CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS Nina Maadad,8.4., Dip. Ed., MBd. Studies Research Portfolio submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Bducation in the University of Adelaide, March 2007. ADDENDUM Table B (cont) Eclucational and Occupational Background of Respondents page 45b. ERRATA Page Line AMENDMENT 7 11 delete etc 10 13 l¡r should be lts 26 5 from that shouldbe thctn bottom 34 I4 group should be groups 53 6 from Add century afÍer nineteenth bottom 4 I Tuttisia should be Cairo 8 2 Insefi (Robinson, 1996) 19 1 Delete is and insert has an 2 Delete a 26 4 Delete of 28 2from Delete to the extent and delete lr bottom 70 9 suit case should be suitcase 98 4 there nationality should be their nationality 110 t7 ¿v¿r should be every t20 16 other shouldbe others 160 l7 than shouldbe then 161 t7 Arabian should be Arab r70 4 Arabian should be Arabic 1 9 1 4 from convent should be convert bottom 230 1 Abdullah, S. should be Saeed, A. 234 6 from Taric shouldbe Tarigh bottom TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract lv Declaration vt Äcknowledgements vll Dedication lx INTRODUCTION TO PORTFOLIO Introduction 2 Støtement of the Problem 4 Arabian Cultural Background 7 Arøbían Core Values 7 Islnm ínthe Arab World t4 Hístory of Druze Sect 22 Educatíon ìn the Arab World 26 Muslíms ín Australía 30 Druze ìn Australia 32 Theoretical Framework and Research Method Theoríes of ImmigraÍíon ønd Interactíon 33 Assumptions 38 Research MethodologY 38 S ele ctíon of -
Lesson 1. Introduction to Australia Purpose: to Introduce Students To
Lesson 1. Introduction to Australia Purpose: To introduce students to the continent of Australia. Standards: Goal 2, Standard 2 -To use English to achieve academically in all content areas: Students will use English to obtain, process, construct, and provide subject matter information in spoken and written form. Materials: - items to be put into a travel trunk [a billy (teapot), tea bags, cups, biscuits (crackers), pictures of Australian animals, etc…] - teapot and water - map or globe - construction paper - markers - musical cassette and/or video: Children’s Songs From Around The World (available at local libraries or department stores like Target) Procedures: 1. Before the lesson begins: a. Place the Australian items into the trunk. b. Make tickets to Australia out of construction paper (one for each student). Put a picture of a koala bear on each ticket and write students’ names on them. c. Place a large picture of a koala bear (or other pictures native to Australia) on the trunk. 2. Have students gather around the trunk. Let them guess where their destination might be. Pass out the tickets. 3. Explain that on this adventure, everyone will be a naturalist, (people who are interested in plants and animals around them). 4. Ask what children might know about Australia and record the information (KWL chart). 1 5. Find Australia on a map or globe. a. Identify Australia as a continent b. Look at all the different landscapes (mountains, valleys, rivers). c. Discuss and describe the terms: city, bush, outback, Great Barrier Reef. 6. Examine the trunk. a. Display animal pictures. b. -
Arabian Peninsula from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Jump to Navigationjump to Search "Arabia" and "Arabian" Redirect Here
Arabian Peninsula From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search "Arabia" and "Arabian" redirect here. For other uses, see Arabia (disambiguation) and Arabian (disambiguation). Arabian Peninsula Area 3.2 million km2 (1.25 million mi²) Population 77,983,936 Demonym Arabian Countries Saudi Arabia Yemen Oman United Arab Emirates Kuwait Qatar Bahrain -shibhu l-jazīrati l ِش ْبهُ ا ْل َج ِزي َرةِ ا ْلعَ َربِيَّة :The Arabian Peninsula, or simply Arabia[1] (/əˈreɪbiə/; Arabic jazīratu l-ʿarab, 'Island of the Arabs'),[2] is َج ِزي َرةُ ا ْلعَ َرب ʿarabiyyah, 'Arabian peninsula' or a peninsula of Western Asia situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian plate. From a geographical perspective, it is considered a subcontinent of Asia.[3] It is the largest peninsula in the world, at 3,237,500 km2 (1,250,000 sq mi).[4][5][6][7][8] The peninsula consists of the countries Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.[9] The peninsula formed as a result of the rifting of the Red Sea between 56 and 23 million years ago, and is bordered by the Red Sea to the west and southwest, the Persian Gulf to the northeast, the Levant to the north and the Indian Ocean to the southeast. The peninsula plays a critical geopolitical role in the Arab world due to its vast reserves of oil and natural gas. The most populous cities on the Arabian Peninsula are Riyadh, Dubai, Jeddah, Abu Dhabi, Doha, Kuwait City, Sanaʽa, and Mecca. Before the modern era, it was divided into four distinct regions: Red Sea Coast (Tihamah), Central Plateau (Al-Yamama), Indian Ocean Coast (Hadhramaut) and Persian Gulf Coast (Al-Bahrain). -
Other Rivers
Continents Other Rivers Other Lakes Mountain Ranges Red North America 8 Volga, Europe 22 The Black Sea, Europe 37 Rocky Mountains, North America Green South America 9 Congo, Africa 23 Lake Bajkal, Asia 38 Appalachian Mountains, Beige Europe 10 Rio Grande, North America North America Purple Africa 11 Mackenzie River, The World’s 39 Mackenzie, North America North America Highest Mountains s Blue Asia 40 The Andes, South America 12 Danube, Europe 24 Mt. Everest, Asia Yellow Oceania 41 The Alps, Europe 13 Tigris, Asia 25 K2, Asia White Antarctica 42 Skanderna, (Scandinavia) 14 Eufrat, Asia 26 Aconcagua, South America Europe 15 Ganges, Asia 27 Mt. Fuji, Asia The World’s Longest Rivers 43 The Pyrenees, Europe 16 Mekong, Asia 28 Mont Blanc, Europe 1 The Nile, Africa, 6,650 km 44 The Ural Mountains, 17 Murray-Darling, Oceania 29 Mt. Cook, New Zealand, Europe-Asia 2 The Amazon River, Oceania South America, 6,437 km 45 The Caucasus Mountains, Europe 3 Mississippi- Missouri The World’s Largest Lakes Rivers, North America, The Seven Summits s 46 The Atlas Mountains, Africa 3,778 + 3,726 km 18 The Caspian Sea, Asia 30 Mt. McKinley (or Denali), 47 Great Rift Valley, Africa 19 Lake Superior, North America 4 Yangtze River (Chang North America 48 Drakensberg, Africa Jiang), Asia, 6,300 km 20 Lake Victoria, Africa 31 Aconcagua, South America 49 The Himalayas, Asia 5 Ob River, Asia 5,570 km 21 Lake Huron, North America 32 Mt. Elbrus, Europe 50 The Great Dividing Range 6 The Yellow River 33 Kilimanjaro, Africa (or Eastern Highlands), (Huang Ho), Asia, 4,700 km Australia 7 The Yenisei-Angara River, 34 Mt. -
Inquiry Into Australia's Trade and Investment
Australia’s trade and investment relationships with the countries of Africa Submission 30 INQUIRY INTO AUSTRALIA’S TRADE AND INVESTMENT RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE COUNTRIES OF AFRICA October 2017 Australia’s trade and investment relationships with the countries of Africa Submission 30 INTRODUCTION The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) and the Australian Trade and Investment Commission (Austrade) have prepared a joint submission for the Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade inquiry into Australia’s trade and investment relationships with the countries of Africa. This also draws on input provided by Australian diplomatic missions in Africa. This submission covers the fifty-four countries of Africa (see Map at Annex A), and provides country overviews of the key constraints and opportunities to increasing trade and investment with a number of our trading partners (Annex B). Africa is a large continent comprising many nations at very different stages of economic development and stability. Assessments of the opportunities for Australian companies need to balance growth projections against the reality of conflict, commercial risk and weak political and economic governance in many African countries. The overall assessment is positive for increasing engagement by Australian companies in Africa in the coming decades, however for significant increases to occur, sustained improvements in the business-operating environment will be required. A number of the findings of the 2011 Joint Standing Committee on the Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Inquiry into Australia’s relationship with countries of Africa remain relevant today: “Africa is a diverse continent of increasing importance to the world. In geopolitical terms, African countries have increasing influence on international organisations; in resource terms, Africa has vast reserves; in trading terms, Africa’s underutilised arable lands represent great opportunities to feed the world. -
Social and Cultural Links Between Australia and the Middle East 197
8 6RFLDODQG&XOWXUDO/LQNV%HWZHHQ$XVWUDOLD DQGWKH0LGGOH(DVW 8.1 This Chapter examines the social and cultural links which have been established between Australia and the Middle East region, and how these links might be enhanced. 8.2 Social, cultural, educational and other links between Australia and the Middle East have been underpinned by the contribution made to Australia's social and cultural life by migrants from many countries of the region. For most communities from the Middle East, migration to Australia on a large scale has been a fairly recent phenomenon, influenced by major upheavals or historical events—for example, the protracted Arab-Israeli conflict, the 15-year civil war in Lebanon, the Gulf War and the emergence of fundamentalist Islamic states. Against this background, prospective migrants from the region, as from other parts of the world, have been attracted by the opportunities presented by Australia's immigration program. Migration to Australia from the Middle East 8.3 According to data derived from the 1996 census,1 the countries that represent the most significant sources of migration from the Middle East, as a percentage of the total Australian population, are Lebanon, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq. Table 8.1 overleaf shows the size of relevant populations: 1 The latest census was conducted in August 2001. 196 Table 8.1 Populations born in the Middle East, 1986 and 1996 Percentage of Total 1986 1996 Country of Birth Australian Population in Census Census 1996 Bahrain (a) 58 (b) Egypt 30,633 34,139 0.19 Iran 7,498 16,244 0.09