DOCSLIB.ORG

Alternative Building Technologies for Low- Income Housing in Cape Town, South Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Alternative Building Technologies for Low- Income Housing in Cape Town, South Africa Alternative Building Technologies for Low- Income Housing in Cape Town, South Africa An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Submitted by: Brendan Grady Dante Muzila Kate O’Neill Arden Tanner Cape Town, South Africa Project Center Submitted on: Dec. 12, 2019 Submitted to: Professor Melissa Belz, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Professor Thidi Tshiguvho, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Duke Gumede Sponsor: City of Cape Town Department of Human Settlements This report represents the work of four WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of completion of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its website without editorial or peer review. For more information about the projects program at WPI, please see: http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/Projects Abstract Innovations in building materials are revolutionizing home-building, allowing homes to be constructed in a faster, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly manner. This project aimed to assist the City of Cape Town Department of Human Settlements (DHS) in implementing alternative building technologies in Breaking New Ground (BNG) housing projects. We interviewed BNG housing residents, DHS officials, and industry professionals, in addition to researching available alternative building technologies in South Africa. We identified areas in which BNG housing can be improved and how alternative materials can help the DHS better serve the needs of Cape Town’s low-income population. Furthermore, we provided guidance for how these technologies can be successfully implemented by the DHS. i Executive Summary BNG Development in Delft BNG Construction in Atlantis Purpose to increase the cost- rights of black South Africans, Africans (RDP Housing, 2017). In Cape Town, South Africa, efficiency, deliverability, and segregated neighborhoods, and In 2004, the RDP was updated thousands of families live in quality of government-built low- gave legal justification for the and renamed the Breaking New inadequate and informal housing income housing. Our team’s goal forcible removal of thousands of Ground (BNG) program to conditions where their health and was to help the DHS explore non-white South Africans provide free housing to low- physical well-being is put at risk different alternative building from their homes. Although income South Africans (Breaking every day. Our sponsor, the City technologies and recommend apartheid ended in 1994, it left a New Ground, 2004). However, of Cape Town Department of ways in which these technologies legacy of housing inequality and with over 350,000 households Human Settlements (DHS), is could be implemented and used inadequacy across the country awaiting BNG housing on the working to provide low-income to improve low-income (Clark, 2019). city’s housing registry, the housing and build formal housing. government struggles to satisfy communities to better the lives of Background In 1994, the Reconstruction and the high demand for affordable impoverished South The apartheid era had a Development Program (RDP) housing. Africans. The department views tremendous impact on housing in was created to alleviate poverty alternative building technologies South Africa and Cape Town. and social ailments by providing While government-built (ABTs) as a potential way Apartheid restricted the property low-income housing to housing often provides residents previously disadvantaged South with improved living conditions, ii residents still face a multitude of technologies. To achieve this and allowed the team to interviews we gained information problems in low-income housing goal, we focused determine where alternative about construction methods and developments. Overcrowding, on five objectives. building technologies could be the available alternative building improper construction, and 1. Evaluate safety implemented to make technologies in South Africa. structural defects commonly conditions in select BNG improvements. This helped us provide a more have adverse effects on people’s housing developments in informative report to the DHS. safety and health in these Cape Town The team also conducted semi- Outcomes communities (Buys, 2013). 2. Determine cost structured interviews with Finding 1: Most quality issues These conditions leave many feasibility of various various alternative building with BNG homes are not residents feeling dissatisfied with alternative building technologies suppliers and related to the building their home. technologies in comparison construction companies. These materials. BNG to conventional building interviews focused on addressing residents reported seven Alternative building technologies methods the qualities of the technologies, main maintenance issues with provide a wide range of benefits 3. Assess residents’ public perceptions, and cost. The their BNG home: faulty that could help improve the satisfaction with BNG cost data was compiled windows, broken doors, leaky quality of BNG housing and housing to conduct a cost analysis water faucets, leaky ceilings, better residents’ lives. However, 4. Determine public between conventional and cracks, mold, and faulty public resistance to ABTs exists perceptions of implementing alternative building toilets. Of these seven issues, because brick and mortar housing alternative building methods. Through these is the cultural norm in South technologies Africa. Many low-income South 5. Identify suitable Africans aspire to live in a brick alternative building and mortar house and expect technologies for future their BNG house to be built with Department of Human these conventional building Settlements projects. materials (Aigbayboa, 2018). In Methods addition, low-income To complete these objectives, the communities can be resistant to team conducted semi-structured ABTs because they perceive interviews with residents in them to be of lesser quality and four different BNG untrustworthy (Warrington, developments: Delft, 2013). Belhar, Fisantekraal, and Atlantis. BNG housing Project Objectives residents were asked a variety of The goal of this project was to questions with themes relating to help the DHS improve the satisfaction, safety, and public quality, safety, and cost- perceptions of building efficiency of BNG housing in materials. This information was Cape Town through the used to determine the current utilization of alternative building conditions of BNG housing iii only the cracked walls and mold found that while many BNG tradesmen allowing the DHS to opening the bidding process to can potentially be attributed to beneficiaries distrust the quality employ more unskilled laborers. anyone interested. We found that the house’s building technology of alternative building materials, While ABTs may reduce the total the current tendering process and materials. Certain ABTs can there is a general lack of number of people employed by a emphasizes three areas: supply help mitigate the occurrence of knowledge among BNG BNG project, they allow a chain, prior implementation of cracked walls and mold; residents of what an alternative greater percentage of the labor the proposed building however, the implementation of building material is. People are force to be comprised of technology, and cost of each ABTs will not solve the other distrustful of non-conventional unskilled laborers from the local housing unit. In all three of these reported maintenance issues building materials because they community. categories, conventional building because these issues are not have been primarily exposed to materials have an edge over the related to the houses’ building one type of housing (brick and Finding 5: The current available alternatives, often materials. mortar) and as a result are tendering process favors causing the DHS to award unaware of how ABTs can be conventional building tenders to bidders who use Finding 2: Residents have used to construct quality housing. materials and makes it difficult conventional building concerns for their personal However, the team found that for the DHS to implement methods. The tendering process health and safety in BNG negative perceptions of ABTs ABTs in BNG poses a major obstacle to the homes. Residents can be overcome, and people developments. The tendering DHS if they wish to implement overwhelmingly identified become more accepting of ABTs process was created to ensure alternative building technologies ventilation as the key issue they once they physically experience a that the DHS hires the most in future BNG projects. thought the government could house built from alternative suitable candidate for the improve in future BNG housing. methods. construction of BNG homes by Residents reported that they and their family members had fallen Finding 4: Before ill in the past because of the lack implementing ABTs the DHS of ventilation in their house. We must consider how ABTs may also found that residents have impact employment concerns regarding crime and opportunities on BNG gangsterism in their communities projects. The effect that ABTs because of South Africa’s high have on labor creates dueling crime rate. This is apparent from consequences for the DHS. The residents’ desires for a closed labor-saving qualities of ABTs yard and burglar bars to make conflict with the DHS’s goal of them feel safer. utilizing labor-intensive construction methods to provide Finding 3: Negative public economic stimulus to the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CURRICULUM VITAE JONATHAN CROWTHER OPERATIONS MANAGER Environmental Management Planning & Approvals, Africa
    CURRICULUM VITAE JONATHAN CROWTHER OPERATIONS MANAGER Environmental Management Planning & Approvals, Africa QUALIFICATIONS M.Sc 1988 Environmental Science B.Sc (Hons) 1983 Geology B.Sc 1982 Geology and Geography z EXPERTISE Jonathan is the SLR Operations Manager for Environmental Management Planning & Approvals, Africa. He has over 30 years of experience with expertise in a wide Environmental Impact and range of environmental disciplines, including Environmental Impact and Social Social Assessment Assessments (ESIA), Environmental Management Plans, Environmental Planning, Environmental Environmental Compliance & Monitoring, and Public Participation & Facilitation. Management He has project managed a large number of offshore oil and gas EIAs for various Plans/Programmes exploration and production activities in Southern Africa. He also has extensive Public Participation & experience in large scale infrastructure projects including some of the largest road Facilitation projects in South Africa, ESIAs for waste landfill facilities, general industry and the Environmental Compliance built environment. & Monitoring PROJECTS Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Total E&P South Africa B.V. Provided environmental support ahead of an exploration well drilling operation, Provision of environmental environmental compliance services during the drilling operation and appointed to services for well drilling in prepare a close-out report on completion of the drilling operation. Project director, Block 11B/12B, offshore client liaison, report compilation and ECO services. South Coast, South Africa (2019 - ongoing) . 1 CURRICULUM VITAE JONATHAN CROWTHER Total E&P South Africa B.V. TEPSA is the holder of an Environmental Management Programme to undertake Application to amend exploration well drilling in Block 11B/12B offshore of the South Coast, South Africa. Environmental Management An amendment application was undertaken to change the well completion status Programme Block 11B/12B, described in the programme.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinics in City of Cape Town
    Your Time is NOW. Did the lockdown make it hard for you to get your HIV or any other chronic illness treatment? We understand that it may have been difficult for you to visit your nearest Clinic to get your treatment. The good news is, your local Clinic is operating fully and is eager to welcome you back. Make 2021 the year of good health by getting back onto your treatment today and live a healthy life. It’s that easy. Your Health is in your hands. Our Clinic staff will not turn you away even if you come without an appointment. Speak to us Today! @staystrongandhealthyza City of Cape Town Metro Health facilities Eastern Sub District , Area East, KESS Clinic Name Physical Address Contact Number City Ikhwezi CDC Simon Street, Lwandle, 7140 021 444 4748/49/ Siyenza 51/47 City Dr Ivan Toms O Nqubelani Street, Mfuleni, Cape Town, 021 400 3600 Siyenza CDC 7100 Metro Mfuleni CDC Church Street, Mfuleni 021 350 0801/2 Siyenza Metro Helderberg c/o Lourensford and Hospital Roads, 021 850 4700/4/5 Hospital Somerset West, 7130 City Eerste River Humbolt Avenue, Perm Gardens, Eerste 021 902 8000 Hospital River, 7100 Metro Nomzamo CDC Cnr Solomon & Nombula Street, 074 199 8834 Nomzamo, 7140 Metro Kleinvlei CDC Corner Melkbos & Albert Philander Street, 021 904 3421/4410 Phuthuma Kleinvlei, 7100 City Wesbank Clinic Silversands Main Street Cape Town 7100 021 400 5271/3/4 Metro Gustrouw CDC Hassan Khan Avenue, Strand 021 845 8384/8409 City Eerste River Clinic Corner Bobs Way & Beverly Street, Eeste 021 444 7144 River, 7100 Metro Macassar CDC c/o Hospital
    [Show full text]
  • SEWAGE SLUDGE Status Quo Report 2020/21 Executive Summary
    SEWAGE SLUDGE Status Quo Report 2020/21 Executive Summary The Western Cape Integrated Waste Management Plan (WCIWMP) 2017 identified the need for a better understanding of how sewage sludge is managed in the Province. This supports Goal 2, a key activity of the WCIWMP, which aims to develop a guideline on the beneficiation of treated sewage sludge. The WCIWMP 2017 provides organic waste diversion targets which will be one of the drivers in ensuring the sustainable end-use of sewage sludge. This Status Quo Report on sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment works, details the current management practices as well as highlighting the challenges and opportunities that exist at municipalities with regards to sewage sludge management. A questionnaire was drafted and circulated to municipalities and other sub- directorates within the Department to obtain input to the draft questionnaire as prt of survey. The final questionnaires were then sent to all municipalities with a feedback response rate of 80%, from a 107 wastewater treatment plants, which will form the basis of this report. Analysis of the feedback gained indicates that most Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTWs) dispose of their sewage sludge by land farming (22%) or to general (20%) or hazardous landfills (10%). 22% of WWTWs currently stockpile sewage sludge while 11% using their sewage sludge for composting/agricultural/irrigation use. Landfill airspace is declining across the Province and more beneficiation options need to be considered and implemented where possible. In the 2021/22 financial year the Department will continue work on wastewater sewage sludge and is planning to develop a guideline for the beneficiation of treated sewage sludge.
    [Show full text]
  • Idp Sector Plans
    HIV and TB PLAN 2014/2015 CITY HEALTH DIRECTORATE BUDGET 2014/15 Overall Capital Budget: R26 263 446 of which R10 949 050 is internal funding and R15 314 396 external funding Overall Operating Budget: R1 116 185 949 which includes: Primary health care services budget, including HIV/STI/TB HIV/TB “earmarked” budget: R186 019 021(of which R19 887 713 is internal funding and R166 131 308 external funding) BACKGROUND The City of Cape Town has over the last number of years prioritised the fight against HIV/AIDS and TB, recognising that without a concerted, multisectoral response to moderate both the impact of the epidemics and to address the underlying causes, key developmental priorities in the City would be in jeopardy. According to the annual antenatal survey, the overall HIV prevalence in Cape Town is plateauing, although in some areas this is at a very high level. The 2013 antenatal survey showed an HIV prevalence of 19.7% in the City (18.6 – 20.8%; 95% confidence interval). The rate in Khayelitsha was 34.4%. These figures compare to a Western Cape prevalence of 17.1 % (16.3 – 17.9%; 95% confidence interval). The national prevalence was 29.5% in 2012 (2013 figures not yet released). The Medical Research Council (MRC) “Western Cape Mortality Profile 2011” study reported that HIV/AIDS was the leading cause of premature mortality in Cape Town and TB at number three on the list of leading causes. Cape Town: antenatal HIV prevalence per sub district and overall; 2005 - 2013 Access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) for those qualifying according to stage of disease is good, but maintaining large numbers of people on ART for life is posing challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Additional Facilities in the Metro Area
    Additional facilities in the metro area: Province District Sub District Site Name Address Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Tygerberg SD Belhar Clinic St Vincent Dr, Belhar 20, Cape Town, 7493 Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Mitch Plain SD Camp Joy Rehabilitation Centre 51 Tunny Cres, Mitchells Plain, 7798 Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Tygerberg SD Delft CHC Delft Main Rd, The Hague, Cape Town, 7100 Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Tygerberg SD Delft South Clinic Cnr Main & Voorbrug Roads, Delft South, Cape Town, 7100 Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Eastern SD Eerste River Hospital Humbolt Ave, Perm Gardens, Cape Town, 7100 Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Tygerberg SD Elsies River CHC Halt Road, Cape Town, 7490 Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Northern SD Fisantekraal Community Hall Peter Mokaba Street Fisantekraal Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Tygerberg SD Goodwood DCS Peninsula Dr, Goodwood, 7460 Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Klipfontein SD Hanover Park Clinic Hallans Walk, Hanover Park, Cape Town, 7782 Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Klipfontein SD Heideveld CHC Heideveld Rd, Heideveld, Cape Town, 7764 Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Klipfontein SD Ihata Women Shelter 123 5th St, Heideveld, Cape Town, 7764 Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Eastern SD Ikwezi Clinic Simon St, Nomzamo, Cape Town, 7144 Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Eastern SD Kleinvlei CHC Melkbos St, Kleinvlei, Cape Town, 7100 Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Khayelitsha SD Kuyasa Clinic Ntlazana Street, Khayelitsha, Cape Town, 7784 Western Cape Cape Town Metro CT Eastern
    [Show full text]
  • City of Cape Town Profile
    2 PROFILE: CITY OF CAPETOWN PROFILE: CITY OF CAPETOWN 3 Contents 1. Executive Summary ........................................................................................... 4 2. Introduction: Brief Overview ............................................................................. 8 2.1 Location ................................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Historical Perspective ............................................................................................................ 9 2.3 Spatial Status ....................................................................................................................... 11 3. Social Development Profile ............................................................................. 12 3.1 Key Social Demographics ..................................................................................................... 12 3.1.1 Population ............................................................................................................................ 12 3.1.2 Gender Age and Race ........................................................................................................... 13 3.1.3 Households ........................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Health Profile ....................................................................................................................... 15 3.3 COVID-19 ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Annexure 20 Returned.Xlsx
    Annexure 20: Individual projects with a total project cost in excess of R50 million 2014/15 Medium Term Revenue & Expenditure Total Project Description Framework Value Item Budget Year Budget Year +1 Budget Year +2 R thousand Nature Location Resolution Estimate 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 Cape Town Electricity: HV Switchgear C08.84007 Replacement of ageing high voltage switchgear at Montague Gardens, Brackenfell, C03/05/13 7 190 5 100 5 600 51 868 Replacement various high voltage substations. Eversdal, Durbanville. Cape Town Electricity: MV Circuit Breaker C08.84009 Replacement of ageing circuit breakers in medium Somerset West, Eastridge, Jan May Council 2014 6 601 7 237 – 50 208 Replacement voltage switchgear at various main substations. Smuts, Montague Gardens, Spine, Kensington, Constantia, Sun Valley, Woodstock. Cape Town Electricity: Retreat Depot - C08.84049 Construction of a new replacement distribution depot Westlake May Council 2014 44 545 – – 51 048 Replace. for Muizenberg for the Muizenberg depot to meet growing requirements of the areas served. Cape Town Electricity: Plattekloof - N1 C10.84032 Construction of new Richmond Estate main substation. Richmond Estate C03/05/13 45 800 36 069 – 86 884 Reinforcement Cape Town Electricity: Koeberg Rd Switching C10.84050 Construction of new 132 kV substation and installation Maitland C03/05/13 23 577 – – 136 901 Station Phase 2 of associated 132kV underground cable. Cape Town Electricity: City Depot CBD - New C13.84076 Redevelopment of the Beaufort House site for the City Cape Town C03/05/13 64 691 64 522 – 144 989 Depot relocation. Cape Town Electricity: Guguletu Main C13.84080 Upgrade of Gugulethu main substation by installing Gugulethu C03/05/13 4 404 – – 50 651 Substation Upgrade new 132kV switchgear, cable, power transformer and replacing existing 12 kV switchgear.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Services and the Cape Town Urban Water Cycle
    WATER SERVICES AND THE CAPE TOWN URBAN WATER CYCLE August 2018 WATER SERVICES AND THE CAPE TOWN URBAN WATER CYCLE TABLE OF CONTENTS WATER SERVICES AND THE CAPE TOWN URBAN WATER CYCLE ...................................... 3 1. EVAPORATION ................................................................................................................ 5 2. CONDENSATION ............................................................................................................. 5 3. PRECIPITATION ............................................................................................................... 6 4. OUR CATCHMENT AREAS ............................................................................................. 7 5. CAPE TOWN’S DAMS ...................................................................................................... 9 6. WHAT IS GROUNDWATER? ......................................................................................... 17 7. SURFACE RUNOFFS ..................................................................................................... 18 8. CAPE TOWN’S WATER TREATMENT WORKS ............................................................ 19 9. CAPE TOWN’S RESERVOIRS ....................................................................................... 24 10. OUR RETICULATION SYSTEMS ................................................................................... 28 11. CONSUMERS ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The City of Cape Town: Built Environment Performance Plan 2011/12 (Urban Settlements Development Grant)
    The City of Cape Town: Built Environment Performance Plan 2011/12 (Urban Settlements Development Grant) Presented by: Wayne Muller (Director: Housing Finance and Leases) June 2011 What will we address today? 1. Background to the City of Cape Town 2. Governance imperatives 3. Spatial context of Cape Town 4. Current bulk infrastructure status 5. Bulk infrastructure into the future 6. Urbanisation strategies 7. USDG - Integrated housing delivery – Way Forward 8. Urban Settlements Development Grant – Changing the face of the City 9. Key issues Context of the City of Cape Town Population 3,7 million Cape Town has very high net in-migration resulting in pressure on services and infrastructure (approx 50 000 per annum) Spatial Development Framework – Council March 2011 GDP - 74% (Regional GDP) GDP - 11% (national GDP) Number of households - 1,10 million Inadequately housed - 350 000 households Integrated Housing Waiting List Housing Backlog - 400 000 households (projected) Size of City – 2,454 square kilometers Number of Informal Settlements - 222 900 000 people The Context of the City of Cape Town Migration to Cape Town reflects broad spectrum of high to low income levels Primary industrial/business growth area – tourism and emerging informal market flowing from in-migration Infrastructure status major maintenance challenges and mass expansion of bulk infrastructure and transport required Spent R19,2 billion over last 5 years. Financial status Clean audit (7th); Bond issue (R4,2 billion); Healthy financial status; Systems (IT) Current Service
    [Show full text]
  • C . __ P Ar T 1 0 F 2 ...,.)
    March Vol. 669 12 2021 No. 44262 Maart C..... __ P_AR_T_1_0_F_2_....,.) 2 No. 44262 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 12 MARCH 2021 Contents Page No. Transport, Department of / Vervoer, Departement van Cross Border Road Transport Agency: Applications for Permits Menlyn ............................................................................................................................... 3 Applications Concerning Operating Licences Goodwood ......................................................................................................................... 7 Goodwood ......................................................................................................................... 23 Goodwood ......................................................................................................................... 76 Johannesburg – GPGTSHW968 ....................................................................................... 119 STAATSKOERANT, 12 Maart 2021 No. 44262 3 CROSS-BORDER ROAD TRANSPORT AGENCY APPLICATIONS FOR PERMITS Particulars in respect of applications for permits as submitted to the Cross-Border Road Transport Agency, indicating, firstly, the reference number, and then- (i) the name of the applicant and the name of the applicant's representative, if applicable. (ii) the country of departure, destination and, where applicable, transit. (iii) the applicant's postal address or, in the case of a representative applying on behalf of the applicant, the representative's postal address. (iv) the number and type of vehicles,
    [Show full text]
  • 2015-2016 Hospital Dorothea School, Stellenbosch Alexandra Psychiatric Hospital, Maitland Eden School, Worcester Reporting Sexual Abuse of Very Vulnerable Children
    ◆ THE VOICE OF THE PERSON WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AND/OR THEIR PARENT WCFID STAFF Director Tessa Wood The Self-Advocate Group: Community Liaison Officer Desiree Douglas Born in 2001, and comprised of consumers (people with intellectual disability), Training Co-ordinator Aimee Isaacs the self-advocate group meets quarterly at the WCFID offices. The adults come Life Skills Trainer and Resource Developer Rebecca Johns from group homes; attend protective workshops; or are home-based individuals. Administrator Felicity Dreyer Project Administrator Sandy Butler Annually, the programme takes a journey focusing on human rights, with specific General Office Assistant Nompiwo Primrose Rhojie reference to the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (CRPD). Understand Hope and Care, Khayelitsha Home of Hope, Tableview The group has become a place of friendship and support, with a Harvard Project on THE FORUM WISHES TO THANK THE Disability www.hpod.org Vukuhambe Day Care, Zweletemba Huis Horison, Stellenbosch strong social component. © 2008 The President and FOLLOWING MEMBERS OF Vukani, Khayelitsha Humberstone House, Plumstead Fellows of Harvard College. The voice of the child/parent: All rights reserved. THE BOARD OF MANAGEMENT Wilge Special Care, Atlantis Hurdy Gurdy Homes Trust, Penhill FOR THEIR DEDICATED SERVICE: Yomelelani Centre, Phillipi Includid, Maitland In partnership with the Rural CSPID Team (therapeutic team, Fatima Shaboodien, Principal, De Heide Livewell Villages, Somerset West Dept. of Education), a sexual awareness workshop was held SCHOOLS Oasis House, Kenwyn Special Day Care Centre (Chairperson) Alpha School, Woodstock Oasis House, Ruyterwacht at Breede Valley APD, Worcester. Some 80 parents, carers, John Williams, Businessman (Treasurer) Alta du Toit School, Kuils River Rosedon House, Lansdowne teachers, programme implementers, occupational therapists Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Sub Place Health Education Income HDI Atlantis 0.612 0.88 0.88 0.79
    HDIs FOR CAPE TOWN AREAS (alphabetical by area) Sub Place Health Education Income HDI Atlantis 0.612 0.88 0.88 0.79 Bellville 0.692 0.93 0.95 0.86 Blue Downs 0.472 0.86 0.79 0.71 Brackenfell 0.692 0.89 0.88 0.82 Briza 0.692 0.95 0.99 0.88 Cape Town 0.667 0.88 0.91 0.82 Crossroads 0.472 0.89 0.67 0.68 Du Noon 0.472 0.78 0.65 0.63 Durbanville 0.692 0.95 1.00 0.88 Eerste River 0.692 0.90 0.84 0.81 Elsies River 0.472 0.82 0.79 0.70 Excelsior 0.692 0.89 0.83 0.80 Fisantekraal 0.472 0.79 0.66 0.64 Fish Hoek 0.658 0.96 0.95 0.85 Goodwood 0.613 0.95 0.94 0.84 Gordon’s Bay 0.692 0.95 0.94 0.86 Gugulethu 0.472 0.93 0.74 0.71 Hottentotsholland 0.692 1.00 0.65 0.78 Nature Reserve Hout Bay 0.612 0.89 1.00 0.83 Imizamo Yethu 0.472 0.84 0.67 0.66 Joe Slovo Park 0.472 0.99 0.68 0.71 Khayelitsha 0.472 0.90 0.69 0.69 Kraaifontein 0.472 0.88 0.85 0.73 Kuils River 0.612 0.90 0.91 0.81 Langa 0.472 0.92 0.70 0.70 Lekkerwater 0.472 0.79 0.60 0.62 Lwandle 0.472 0.87 0.64 0.66 Mamre 0.417 0.85 0.79 0.69 Masiphumelele 0.472 0.84 0.65 0.65 Melkbosstrand 0.692 0.95 1.01 0.89 continued overleaf..
    [Show full text]