Opening Adress at the National Congress of Num
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Country Guide South Africa
Human Rights and Business Country Guide South Africa March 2015 Table of Contents How to Use this Guide .................................................................................. 3 Background & Context ................................................................................. 7 Rights Holders at Risk ........................................................................... 15 Rights Holders at Risk in the Workplace ..................................................... 15 Rights Holders at Risk in the Community ................................................... 25 Labour Standards ................................................................................. 35 Child Labour ............................................................................................... 35 Forced Labour ............................................................................................ 39 Occupational Health & Safety .................................................................... 42 Trade Unions .............................................................................................. 49 Working Conditions .................................................................................... 56 Community Impacts ............................................................................. 64 Environment ............................................................................................... 64 Land & Property ......................................................................................... 72 Revenue Transparency -
The African National Congress Centenary: a Long and Difficult Journey
The African National Congress centenary: a long and difficult journey RAYMOND SUTTNER* The current political pre-eminence of the African National Congress in South Africa was not inevitable. The ANC was often overshadowed by other organiza- tions and there were moments in its history when it nearly collapsed. Sometimes it was ‘more of an onlooker than an active participant in events’.$ It came into being, as the South African Native National Congress (SANNC)," in $&$", at a time of realignment within both the white and the conquered black communities. In the aftermath of their victory over the Boers in the South African War ($(&&-$&#"), the British were anxious to set about reconciling their former enemies to British rule. This included allowing former Boer territories to continue denying franchise and other rights to Africans, thus disappointing the hopes raised by British under- takings to the black population during the war years. For Africans, this ‘betrayal’ signified that extension of the Cape franchise, which at that time did not discrimi- nate on racial grounds, to the rest of South Africa was unlikely. Indeed, when the Act of Union of $&$# transferred sovereignty to the white population even the Cape franchise was open to elimination through constitutional change—and in course of time it was indeed abolished. The rise of the ANC in context From the onset of white settlement of Africa in $*/", but with particular intensity in the nineteenth century, land was seized and African chiefdoms crushed one by one as they sought to retain their autonomy. The conquests helped address the demand for African labour both by white farmers and, after the discovery of diamonds and gold in $(*% and $((* respectively, by the mining industry.' * I am indebted to Christopher Saunders and Peter Limb for valuable comments, and to Albert Grundlingh and Sandra Swart for insightful discussions. -
Economic Ascendance Is/As Moral Rightness: the New Religious Political Right in Post-Apartheid South Africa Part
Economic Ascendance is/as Moral Rightness: The New Religious Political Right in Post-apartheid South Africa Part One: The Political Introduction If one were to go by the paucity of academic scholarship on the broad New Right in the post-apartheid South African context, one would not be remiss for thinking that the country is immune from this global phenomenon. I say broad because there is some academic scholarship that deals only with the existence of right wing organisations at the end of the apartheid era (du Toit 1991, Grobbelaar et al. 1989, Schönteich 2004, Schönteich and Boshoff 2003, van Rooyen 1994, Visser 2007, Welsh 1988, 1989,1995, Zille 1988). In this older context, this work focuses on a number of white Right organisations, including their ideas of nationalism, the role of Christianity in their ideologies, as well as their opposition to reform in South Africa, especially the significance of the idea of partition in these organisations. Helen Zille’s list, for example, includes the Herstigte Nasionale Party, Conservative Party, Afrikaner People’s Guard, South African Bureau of Racial Affairs (SABRA), Society of Orange Workers, Forum for the Future, Stallard Foundation, Afrikaner Resistance Movement (AWB), and the White Liberation Movement (BBB). There is also literature that deals with New Right ideology and its impact on South African education in the transition era by drawing on the broader literature on how the New Right was using education as a primary battleground globally (Fataar 1997, Kallaway 1989). Moreover, another narrow and newer literature exists that continues the focus on primarily extreme right organisations in South Africa that have found resonance in the global context of the rise of the so-called Alternative Right that rejects mainstream conservatism. -
Opposition Parties Sustaining Multiparty Democracy?
Briefing Paper 292 June 2012 Opposition Parties Sustaining Multiparty Democracy? 1. Introduction whole faces an existential crisis.4 As a result, concerns have been raised about whether South Africa’s electoral system is designed to opposition parties will survive, and equally, sustain a multiparty democracy.1 The about the quality of multiparty democracy in proportional representation (PR) system South Africa. facilitates the proliferation of political parties and, in turn, encourages electoral competition. The number of registered parties has increased 2. Background from around 157 in September 20082 to just over 190 in early 2011. Some 42 parties contested the A multiparty system is characterised by 2009 elections compared to the 26 parties in competition between more than two political 1999 and 27 parties in 1994; this number grew parties. Democratic theorists explain that under to 37 in 2004. In addition, there has been a this system many parties exist with equal significant increase in parties contesting at the chances of becoming governing parties, either local level. Last year, the Independent Electoral individually or through coalitions.5 Thus, in an Commission (IEC) announced that 121 parties ideal multiparty democracy, prospects for a one‐ contested the 2011 municipal elections, party state or a dominant party emerging are compared to 97 parties in 2006 and 79 in 2000. relatively small. A classic example is Germany: This growth in the number of parties is, some two major parties, the Social Democratic Party would argue, good for the sustainability of (SDP) and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), multiparty democracy; it certainly indicates that have ruled the country for over 60 years through people are free to form parties, to register them political coalitions which have also involved and to campaign for votes. -
From the Ground, Revolution in South Africa 8195
FROM THE GROUND, REVOLUTION IN SOUTH AFRICA 8195 Like the United States, SOUTH AFRICA is a wealthy, industrial nation; one with a mild climate and gorgeous terrain; one of the world's richest in gold, diamonds and natural resources; a nation able to sustain itself~ despite universal international condemnation - because it grows its own food, builds its own arms and is generally self-sufficent. In the 1600s European settlers came to SA seeking its (wealth\ landl and beauty; first came the Dutch and later the British and others. Over time Europeans took the land by force and turned local farmers into sharecroppers. Like those who came to America, most Europeans didn't believe then that Africans were "human." They built a dual system based on race and religion, as was slavery. Blacks at times took up arms in pro test, but could never match theiire power and guns. SA slowly but surely beeame a _ / golden mecca for whites and a horror for blacks. """'£tvr~ ~ f1t-,OJ In the 1940s, SA constitutionalized a system with roots 300 years old. It was called APARTHEID - a Dutch term meaning separateness. Imposed by whites on native Africans, apartheid was unique to SA, but the racism.4 upon which it was based is no stranger to the world (i:aeism meaning suppre~sion of one race over another). Thousands in the de:tfc~ement were locked up in apartheid jails, where many like Steven Biko died. Others were simply assassinated. Tens of thousands fled into exile. In the 1950s when a young Nelson Mandela was convicted of treason for oppos ing apartheid tyranny, he was sent to Robbin Island and BANNED. -
What Ended Apartheid?
NEW YORK STATE SOCIAL STUDIES RESOURCE TOOLKIT 10th Grade Apartheid Inquiry What Ended Apartheid? Photographer unknown, photograph of protests against Pass Laws, 1956. NatIonal LIbrary of South AfrIca: Cape Town campus. Used with permIssIon. Supporting Questions 1. What was apartheId? 2. What efforts were made by Nelson Mandela to end apartheId? 3. What efforts were made by groups wIthIn South AfrIca to end apartheId? 4. What efforts were made by InternatIonal bodIes to end apartheId? THIS WORK IS LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION- NONCOMMERCIAL- SHAREALIKE 4.0 INTERNATIONAL LICENSE. 1 NEW YORK STATE SOCIAL STUDIES RESOURCE TOOLKIT 10th Grade Apartheid Inquiry What Ended Apartheid? 10.10 HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS: Since the Holocaust, human rIghts vIolatIons have generated New York State worldwide attentIon and concern. The UnIted NatIons UnIversal DeclaratIon of Human RIghts has Social Studies provIded a set of prIncIples to guide efforts to protect threatened groups and has served as a lens Framework Key Idea through whIch hIstorIcal occurrences of oppression can be evaluated. & Practices Gathering, Using, and Interpreting Evidence Chronological Reasoning and Causation Comparison and Contextualization Staging the Question Students examIne varIous maps of the “homelands” In South AfrIca and dIscuss the ImplIcatIons of, and challenges to, thIs physIcal separation. Supporting Question 1 Supporting Question 2 Supporting Question 3 Supporting Question 4 What was apartheId? What efforts were made by What efforts were made by What -
TV on the Afrikaans Cinematic Film Industry, C.1976-C.1986
Competing Audio-visual Industries: A business history of the influence of SABC- TV on the Afrikaans cinematic film industry, c.1976-c.1986 by Coenraad Johannes Coetzee Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art and Sciences (History) in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr Anton Ehlers December 2017 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za THESIS DECLARATION By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. December 2017 Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Historical research frequently requires investigations that have ethical dimensions. Although not to the same extent as in medical experimentation, for example, the social sciences do entail addressing ethical considerations. This research is conducted at the University of Stellenbosch and, as such, must be managed according to the institution’s Framework Policy for the Assurance and Promotion of Ethically Accountable Research at Stellenbosch University. The policy stipulates that all accumulated data must be used for academic purposes exclusively. This study relies on social sources and ensures that the university’s policy on the values and principles of non-maleficence, scientific validity and integrity is followed. All participating oral sources were informed on the objectives of the study, the nature of the interviews (such as the use of a tape recorder) and the relevance of their involvement. -
United Nations Human Rights Council Forum on Minority Issues
UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL FORUM ON MINORITY ISSUES Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises Geneva Switzerland 24 & 25 November 2016 Presented by: Advocate Anton Alberts – Freedom Front Plus South Africa We hereby submit a brief country-specific analysis of the Afrikaner and other minorities in South Africa. We focus specifically on the early warning stage of preventing a crisis. The Afrikaner and various other minorities, including the KhoiSan First Nation communities are experiencing increasing pressure from the government and related political parties. This pressure has taken on various form in law and in practice and is known as “Transformation”. Transformation’s meaning is informed by the term “representivity” and in essence means that all civil and governmental institutions must represent the demographic status of the country. This means that minorities will always be relegated to an inferior status as no organisation, community, business, school, university, and sports team will receive government support unless it reflects the demographic majoritarian status. This means that minorities may not have complete or majority representation of their own within these mentioned socio-spheres. This is a carefully crafted and insidious logic disguised as a constitutional imperative in terms of Section 9 of the Constitution that guarantees equality. The basic point of departure is that everyone is equal before the law and entitled to equal protection and benefit of the law. However, intervention can take legally place in order to ensure equity for those persons that were disadvantaged by unfair discrimination and it is upon this rule that the ANC-government has crafted its “Transformation” and “representivity”-logic where all of society must represent the demographic majority representation as their social-engineered solution. -
E Grassroots Transformation of the African National Congress in the 1940S-1950S
THE JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH University of Kansas | Summer 2008 !e Grassroots Transformation of the African National Congress in the 1940s-1950s Nelson Mandela’s 1994 inaugu- ing the latent power of the frustrated ration as South Africa’s "rst demo- urban masses, new leadership in the cratically elected president soothed ANC incorporated organic strikes and decades of racial tensions in that boycotts in the 1940s into a more co- country. State-sanctioned racism, herent and durable movement during known as apartheid, crumbled under the 1950s. !e masses and leadership the spasms of the violence that shook developed a symbiotic relationship; Johannesburg and other cities in the the former o$ered economic leverage 1980s, but apartheid’s eventual de- and popular legitimacy, while the lat- struction became possible because of ter articulated a vision of racial equal- strategic changes among the left in the ity to counter the Nationalists’ oppres- 1940s and 1950s. !e African National sive paternalism. !e state cracked Congress (ANC), originally founded down on the better organized ANC-led as an interest group for the educated movement in the 1960s, but the closer African elite, in the 1940s and 1950s relationship between the ANC leader- forged a wide coalition of workers and ship and grassroots carried the move- intellectuals to challenge apartheid’s ment through its di#cult times on the legitimacy. Together with the South long walk to freedom. South Africa still African Communist Party (SACP), the faces serious racial disparities, but its mid-century ANC became a broad- progress from the apartheid age shows based grassroots organization com- the e#cacy of a broad-based move- mitted to nonracial democracy. -
Review of Amandla!: a Revolution in Four-Part Harmony (Film) Ian Barnard Chapman University, [email protected]
Chapman University Chapman University Digital Commons English Faculty Articles and Research English 2003 Review of Amandla!: A Revolution in Four-Part Harmony (film) Ian Barnard Chapman University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/english_articles Part of the Film and Media Studies Commons Recommended Citation Barnard, Ian. Review of Amandla!: A Revolution in Four-Part Harmony (film). African Arts 36.2 (2003): 86-87, 96. Print. This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the English at Chapman University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Faculty Articles and Research by an authorized administrator of Chapman University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Review of Amandla!: A Revolution in Four-Part Harmony (film) Comments This article was originally published in African Arts, volume 36, issue 2, in 2003. Copyright MIT Press This book review is available at Chapman University Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/english_articles/59 other yellow. As the flesh-like tones play off ther personal rumination. Although new to song like "Nkosi Sikelel'i Afrika" ("God Bless each other, the gritty, tactile nature of the surface U.S. collectors and museums, the artist has Africa"-now the official national anthem of tempts the touch of the viewer. Appropriately, displayed ingenuity and potential to such a South Africa), which has no "political" con- further investigation into the context of the degree that curators in the Department of tent, becomes politicized by reason of the con- painting's creation leads to the discovery that Modern Art at the Metropolitan Museum texts in which it is sung; people transform a the ochres used as pigments in the painting are deemed it appropriate to acquire a Nel for seemingly innocuous old song into something also applied to the skin of participants in initia- their own collection. -
We Were Cut Off from the Comprehension of Our Surroundings
Black Peril, White Fear – Representations of Violence and Race in South Africa’s English Press, 1976-2002, and Their Influence on Public Opinion Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln vorgelegt von Christine Ullmann Institut für Völkerkunde Universität zu Köln Köln, Mai 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The work presented here is the result of years of research, writing, re-writing and editing. It was a long time in the making, and may not have been completed at all had it not been for the support of a great number of people, all of whom have my deep appreciation. In particular, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Michael Bollig, Prof. Dr. Richard Janney, Dr. Melanie Moll, Professor Keyan Tomaselli, Professor Ruth Teer-Tomaselli, and Prof. Dr. Teun A. van Dijk for their help, encouragement, and constructive criticism. My special thanks to Dr Petr Skalník for his unflinching support and encouraging supervision, and to Mark Loftus for his proof-reading and help with all language issues. I am equally grateful to all who welcomed me to South Africa and dedicated their time, knowledge and effort to helping me. The warmth and support I received was incredible. Special thanks to the Burch family for their help settling in, and my dear friend in George for showing me the nature of determination. Finally, without the unstinting support of my two colleagues, Angelika Kitzmantel and Silke Olig, and the moral and financial backing of my family, I would surely have despaired. Thank you all for being there for me. We were cut off from the comprehension of our surroundings; we glided past like phantoms, wondering and secretly appalled, as sane men would be before an enthusiastic outbreak in a madhouse. -
Sounds of Young Afrikaners
Sounds of young Afrikaners Popular music and processes of social identification in and around Pretoria, South Africa Maike Lolkema Research Master Thesis in African Studies African Studies Centre / Leiden University Sounds of young Afrikaners Popular music and processes of social identification in and around Pretoria, South Africa Name Maike Reinate Lolkema Supervisor Dr. W.M.J. (Ineke) van Kessel Second Reader Dr. H. (Harry) Wels Date July 2014 Pictures used at the cover: Picture at the top: Audience at the performance of Fokofpolisiekar at Oppikoppi Festival at August 10th 2012. Picture at the bottom: Audience at the performance of Steve Hofmeyr at the Pretoria Musiekfees on November 17th 2012. The writer made both pictures. 2 ‘We understand it still that there is no easy road to freedom. We know it well that none of us acting alone can achieve success. We must therefore act together as a united people, for national reconciliation, for nation building, for the birth of a new world.’ - Nelson Mandela in his inaugural address May 10th 1994 ‘Een ding het intussen vir my duidelik geword: Dis nie ’n land vir sissies nie.’ - Fred de Vries in Rigting Bedonnerd ‘Revoluties worden op schepen uitgeroepen, utopieën op eilanden geleefd. Dat er nog iets anders moet zijn dan het hier en nu, is een troostende gedachte.’ - Judith Schalansky in De atlas van afgelegen eilanden ‘Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness, that most frightens us. Your playing small does not serve the world.