DOCSLIB.ORG

Decline of Peoples Party As Political Force

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORANGE TECHNOLOGIES www.journalsresearchparks.org/index.php/IJOT e- ISSN: 2615-8140|p-ISSN: 2615-7071 Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | March 2021 Decline of Peoples Party as Political Force Shaloom Naeem Gill E-mail: [email protected], M.phil scholar at Forman Christian University, Lahore ------------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract Pakistan People‟s party from the of such constituency will be conducted which was day it was formed connected with the masses like no stronghold of PPP in 2008 but in 2013 elections PPP other party in the history of Pakistan. Its socialist faced defeat. This research paper will help us to find slogans and the laborer and peasant friendly policies out why and how such popular party is facing decline discussed in their manifesto made Peoples Part a these days. And is its decline momentary like popular party in lower and middle class. People‟s previously it was in Zia-ul-haq‟s and Musharraf‟s party was a center-left party which had Charismatic era or it will remain with the party for longer period leadership. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and all his associates of time. were intellectually and politically strong. Moreover Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was a great orator and he always INTRODUCTION succeeded in connecting with people through his “Islam is our faith, Democracy is our politics, speeches. After Bhutto was hanged Benazir Bhutto Socialism is our economy, All power to people” was daughter of Zulfiquar Ali Bhutto took charge of party the agenda on which the most popular Political party .Benazir also as her father emerged as a charismatic of Pakistan was formed. These words were coined by leader as she took her political training from her J.K Rahim who was close associate of Zulfiqar Ali father. Benazir for two times became Prime Minister Bhutto (founder of Peoples Party) and was one of the of Country and went to self-exile in 1999 and founder members of Pakistan People‟s party. On 30th returned to Pakistan in 2007 for the elections of November 1967 Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto along with 2008. She was assassinated on 27th Dec 2007 but her some of his fellows ( notably Shaikh party won elections of 2008 and ppp formed its RashidJ.A.Rahim, Dr.Mubnashir Hassan ,Ghulam government. Yosuf Raza Gilani became Prime Mustafa Khar ,Rafi Raza ,Abdul Minister and Asif Ali Zardari became party head and HafeezPeerzada,HayatSherpao and Meraj later Head of State of Pakistan. PPP was not able to Mohammad Khan) founded P.P.P. at house of perform well during its tenure from 2008-2013. Dr.Mubashar Hassan in Lahore. Peoples Party was Government was alleged of corruption Asif Ali founded as a Center-Left Progressive party, many Zardari was a controversial personality and many people with socialist believes joined PPP Shaikh diehard „jayalas‟ parted their ways from PPP as he Rashid one of founding member of PPP was also was leader. During last days of PPP government known as Baba-e-Socialism among his fellows. opposition raised slogans of “GO ZARDARI GO”. Zulfiquar Ali Bhutto traveled across the country, There was security and energy crisis throughout the made speeches and Peoples Party as its name suggest tenure of PPP .After death of charismatic Benazir became the party of masses .Ayub Khan‟s falling There was leadership crisis in the party and Popularity, Charismatic Leadership of PPP and its government there was no face in Peoples Party with Socialist slogans which attracted working class,all which the masses would be able to connect. In result collectively became reasons that people embraced of all this PPP badly failed in 2013 elections. PPP warm heartedly.In the general elections of 1970 This research paper is based to find out what were Pakistan People‟s Party emerged as the most the major reasons which resulted in the worst defeat successful party of West Pakistan and Awami of PPP. To find this out interviews of important League was able to secure most seats in East personalities which were associated with PPP will be Pakistan. After the separation of East Pakistan and studied and survey and interviews among the masses West Pakistan in 1971 Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto on 20th © 2021, IJOT | Research Parks Publishing (IDEAS Lab) www.researchparks.org | Page 235 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORANGE TECHNOLOGIES www.journalsresearchparks.org/index.php/IJOT e- ISSN: 2615-8140|p-ISSN: 2615-7071 Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | March 2021 December 1971 replaced Yahya Khan as President IslamiJamooriyaIttehad (IJI) which was under and Chielf Martial Law administrator. The first thing leadership of Nawaz Sharif. People‟s party lost these Bhutto and his cabinet focused on was the making of elections badly and Nawaz Sharif became Prime a new constitution which should be based on the Minister of Pakistan. IJI government failed to consensus of all Political forces. Finally Pakistan got complete its tenure and assemblies were again its new and 3rd constitution in 1973 after which dissolved .On 6th October 1993 elections were held Bhutto became Prime Minister of Pakistan in august again and this time Peoples party under leadership of 1973. Many major events happened during the Benazir Bhutto won most of the seats and with the regime of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto; following their help of small parties and some independent socialist slogans Bhutto‟s Government did the candidates Peoples Party made a coalition Nationalization of Private sector Industries and government. Benazir Bhutto for the second time Institutions. This action was taken to empower the became Prime Minister of State. This time too poor people of country. Land reforms were done two Benazir‟s government did not complete its term .The times during the Regime of Bhutto. First Bhutto Government was dissolved by President Farooq introduced Land reforms in 1972 then he introduced leghari. Government was also alleged by charges of land reforms in 1977.Accordin to one of his close Corruption and financial miss management. On 3rd associate and founder member of People‟s Party Feb 1997 general elections were held and PML(N) of Dr.Mubashir Hassan who also served as Finance Nawaz Sharif had a Glorious victory over Peoples minister in Bhutto‟s cabinet, Bhutto did not wanted Party .This Time Nawaz Sharif became Prime land reforms in his Manifesto.Dr.Mubashar Hassan Minister for 2nd time . This Government who during his interview answering a question he said “ received overwhelming majority was overthrown Bhutto never wanted the word “land Reforms” in his through a Military Coup on 14 October 1999 by manifesto .Sheikh Rashid was the one who used to General Pervaiz Musharaf who was Chief of Army make this demand and I would support him. Bhutto Staff at that time. The coup was held because the would say: “Don‟t start a fight with both capitalist Civil-Military tension. and Feudal at the same time .Let us take on Capitalist Benazir Bhutto during all this Period was in first, and laterwe will deal with the feudal lords.” self-exile and stayed in Britain and Dubai. She (2017, November 22).The News line.Bhutto tried to directed her part from abroad as Leader of Peoples justify the foundation slogans which were based on Party. On 10th October 2002 general Elections were equality and initiated these policies. again held under the observation of Military After Bhutto was hanged and Zia Ul Haq became the Government of General Pervaiz Musharaf. Muslim Military Dictator of Pakistan there was a temporary league (q) won the elections under the leadership of decline on PPP during this period many of Bhutto‟s Zaffarullah Khan Jamali. Peoples Party under the close friends and so called “Uncles” of her daughter leadership of Amin Fahim a loyalist to party and Benazir left the party, the people who were loyal to Benazir emerged as a second largest party with the party faced many problems including political respect to seats. jails. Party faced downfall during this period but after Benazir came back to Pakistan after 8 years of self- death of Military Dictator Zia Ul Haq on 17 August exile in October 2007 as 2008 was the year of 1988 PPP once again emerged .PPP secured most of elections and Peoples party was fully prepared for the seats in the General Elections which were held on elections. Benazir‟s welcome rally was attacked by a 16 November 1988. Benazir Bhutto who received her suicide bomber fortunately Benazir was saved during political training from her Charismatic father became this attack. Peoples Party was once again on peak of Prime Minister for the first time. However PPP even its Political career, People showed their love and after attaining good number of seats was not able to respect for the party in the public meetings .On run its government and the government was December 28 2007 Benazir was addressing the dissolved due to allegation of corruption. In 1990 crowd in Liaquat bagh Rawalpindi in her specific elections were held again PPP had to face signature way but this unfortunately was her last © 2021, IJOT | Research Parks Publishing (IDEAS Lab) www.researchparks.org | Page 236 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORANGE TECHNOLOGIES www.journalsresearchparks.org/index.php/IJOT e- ISSN: 2615-8140|p-ISSN: 2615-7071 Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | March 2021 speech. She was assassinated after the meeting is neither of two ,today it has become like all other .Many of the supporters flooded on the streets after parties ;a pro capitalist party. Benazir and Bilawal this incident, the elections which were to be held on turned party upside down.”(NewsLine. (2017, 8th January were postponed till 18 February 2008 November 22). Retrieved January 10, 2018, from .The assassination of Benazir Bhutto who was very http://newslinemagazine.com/magazine/24954-2/) popular at that time raised the sentiment of sympathy in masses towards Peoples Party.
Recommended publications
  • Pakistan: Death Plot Against Human Rights Lawyer, Asma Jahangir

    Pakistan: Death Plot Against Human Rights Lawyer, Asma Jahangir

    UA: 164/12 Index: ASA 33/008/2012 Pakistan Date: 7 June 2012 URGENT ACTION DEATH PLOT AGAINST HUMAN RIGHTS LAWYER Leading human rights lawyer and activist Asma Jahangir fears for her life, having just learned of a plot by Pakistan’s security forces to kill her. Killings of human rights defenders have increased over the last year, many of which implicate Pakistan’s Inter- Service Intelligence agency (ISI). On 4 June, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) alerted Amnesty International to information it had received of a plot by Pakistan’s security forces to kill HRCP founder and human rights lawyer Asma Jahangir. As Pakistan’s leading human rights defender, Asma Jahangir has been threatened many times before. However news of the plot to kill her is altogether different. The information available does not appear to have been intentionally circulated as means of intimidation, but leaked from within Pakistan’s security apparatus. Because of this, Asma Jahangir believes the information is highly credible and has therefore not moved from her home. Please write immediately in English, Urdu, or your own language, calling on the Pakistan authorities to: Immediately provide effective security to Asma Jahangir. Promptly conduct a full investigation into alleged plot to kill her, including all individuals and institutions suspected of being involved, including the Inter-Services Intelligence agency. Bring to justice all suspected perpetrators of attacks on human rights defenders, in trials that meet international fair trial standards and
  • Pakistan: Arrival and Departure

    Pakistan: Arrival and Departure

    01-2180-2 CH 01:0545-1 10/13/11 10:47 AM Page 1 stephen p. cohen 1 Pakistan: Arrival and Departure How did Pakistan arrive at its present juncture? Pakistan was originally intended by its great leader, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, to transform the lives of British Indian Muslims by providing them a homeland sheltered from Hindu oppression. It did so for some, although they amounted to less than half of the Indian subcontinent’s total number of Muslims. The north Indian Muslim middle class that spearheaded the Pakistan movement found itself united with many Muslims who had been less than enthusiastic about forming Pak- istan, and some were hostile to the idea of an explicitly Islamic state. Pakistan was created on August 14, 1947, but in a decade self-styled field marshal Ayub Khan had replaced its shaky democratic political order with military-guided democracy, a market-oriented economy, and little effective investment in welfare or education. The Ayub experiment faltered, in part because of an unsuccessful war with India in 1965, and Ayub was replaced by another general, Yahya Khan, who could not manage the growing chaos. East Pakistan went into revolt, and with India’s assistance, the old Pakistan was bro- ken up with the creation of Bangladesh in 1971. The second attempt to transform Pakistan was short-lived. It was led by the charismatic Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who simultaneously tried to gain control over the military, diversify Pakistan’s foreign and security policy, build a nuclear weapon, and introduce an economic order based on both Islam and socialism.
  • Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif and Former President Asif

    Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif and Former President Asif

    Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif and former President Asif Ali Zardari jointly performed ground-breaking of the US 1.6 billion dollar Thar Coal Mining & Power Project of Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company (SECMC)on Friday, 31st January, 2014 at Thar Coalfield Block-II near Islamkot. The project of Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company will initially provide 660 MW of power for Pakistan’s energy starved industrial units. It will complete in 2017 and help spur economic development and bring energy security to the country. The two leaders of PMLN and PPP performed the ground-breaking of the project that will be carried out by Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company (SECMC) - a joint venture between Government of Sindh and Engro Corp. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, in his address said the launch of the project along with Asif Ali Zardari, had sent a message across that the political leadership should be united when it comes to the development of the country. He said this political trend must be set in Pakistan now and the leaders need to think about the country first regardless of their differences. He thanked former President Asif Zardari for inviting him to the ground-breaking of the Thar Coal project and said it was a matter of satisfaction that “we all are together and have the same priorities. Anyone who believes in the development of Pakistan, would be pleased that the country’s political leadership is together on this national event.” Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif termed the Thar Coal project a big national development project and suggested that the coal for all projects in Gaddani should be supplied from Thar.
  • Pakistan's Deteriorating Economic Situation

    Pakistan's Deteriorating Economic Situation

    ISA S Insights No. 128 – 10 August 2011 469A Bukit Timah Road #07-01, Tower Block, Singapore 259770 Tel: 6516 6179 / 6516 4239 Fax: 6776 7505 / 6314 5447 Email: [email protected] Website: www.isas.nus.edu.sg Pakistan’s Deteriorating Economic Situation: How Much of it is Caused by Politics? Shahid Javed Burki1 Abstract Pakistan’s economy is in a state of deep crisis, the worst in its troubled history. While some natural disasters – an earthquake in 2005 and floods in 2010 – contributed to the poor performance of the economy, much of it was the result of weak management by the civilian government that took office in the spring of 2008. The cumulative loss to the economy during the five-year tenure of the current administration may be as high as 16 per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP). On a number of previous occasions the military intervened when the government in place was deemed to be performing poorly in the economic field. Such an outcome seems unlikely this time around as the military has become conscious of the latent power of the street. This has been demonstrated by the Arab Spring. The country’s youth and the civil society do not want to see the army intervene in politics once again. That said, the current government, as it prepares for the general elections that must be held before the spring of 2013, has adopted a populist approach towards economic management. This includes the recent decision by the central bank to ease the supply of money. This may win votes but may further aggravate the already weak economic situation.
  • Finding the Way (WILL)

    Finding the Way (WILL)

    A handbook for Pakistan's Women Parliamentarians and Political Leaders LEADING THE WAY By Syed Shamoon Hashmi Women's Initiative for Learning & Wi Leadership She has and shel willl ©Search For Common Ground 2014 DEDICATED TO Women parliamentarians of Pakistan — past, present and aspiring - who remain committed in their political struggle and are an inspiration for the whole nation. And to those who support their cause and wish to see Pakistan stand strong as a This guidebook has been produced by Search For Common Ground Pakistan (www.sfcg.org/pakistan), an democratic and prosperous nation. international non-profit organization working to transform the way the world deals with conflict away from adversarial approaches and towards collaborative problem solving. The publication has been made possible through generous support provided by the U.S. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (DRL), under the project titled “Strengthening Women’s Political Participation and Leadership for Effective Democratic Governance in Pakistan.” The content of this publication is sole responsibility of SFCG Pakistan. All content, including text, illustrations and designs are the copyrighted property of SFCG Pakistan, and may not be copied, transmitted or reproduced, in part or whole, without the prior consent of Search For Common Ground Pakistan. Women's Initiative for Learning & Wi Leadership She has and shel willl ©Search For Common Ground 2014 DEDICATED TO Women parliamentarians of Pakistan — past, present and aspiring - who remain committed in their political struggle and are an inspiration for the whole nation. And to those who support their cause and wish to see Pakistan stand strong as a This guidebook has been produced by Search For Common Ground Pakistan (www.sfcg.org/pakistan), an democratic and prosperous nation.
  • Son of the Desert

    Son of the Desert

    Dedicated to Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed without words to express anything. The Author SONiDESERT A biography of Quaid·a·Awam SHAHEED ZULFIKAR ALI H By DR. HABIBULLAH SIDDIQUI Copyright (C) 2010 by nAfllST Printed and bound in Pakistan by publication unit of nAfllST Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto/Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Archives. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. First Edition: April 2010 Title Design: Khuda Bux Abro Price Rs. 650/· Published by: Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto/ Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Archives 4.i. Aoor, Sheikh Sultan Trust, Building No.2, Beaumont Road, Karachi. Phone: 021-35218095-96 Fax: 021-99206251 Printed at: The Time Press {Pvt.) Ltd. Karachi-Pakistan. CQNTENTS Foreword 1 Chapter: 01. On the Sands of Time 4 02. The Root.s 13 03. The Political Heritage-I: General Perspective 27 04. The Political Heritage-II: Sindh-Bhutto legacy 34 05. A revolutionary in the making 47 06. The Life of Politics: Insight and Vision· 65 07. Fall out with the Field Marshal and founding of Pakistan People's Party 108 08. The state dismembered: Who is to blame 118 09. The Revolutionary in the saddle: New Pakistan and the People's Government 148 10. Flash point.s and the fallout 180 11. Coup d'etat: tribulation and steadfasmess 197 12. Inside Death Cell and out to gallows 220 13. Home they brought the warrior dead 229 14.
  • President Zardari in China: Cementing Old Ties

    President Zardari in China: Cementing Old Ties

    ISAS Insights No. 107 – 16 July 2010 469A Bukit Timah Road #07-01, Tower Block, Singapore 259770 Tel: 6516 6179 / 6516 4239 Fax: 6776 7505 / 6314 5447 Email: [email protected] Website: www.isas.nus.edu.sg President Zardari in China: Cementing Old Ties Shahid Javed Burki 1 Abstract President Asif Ali Zardari's recent visit to China represents a continuation of the relationship between Pakistan and China that was started by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, his father-in-law. Zardari, however, has been pursuing China more aggressively than both Zulfikar Bhutto and Benazir Bhutto. He has focused much more on economics and has now taken the initiative to factor in Afghanistan in what might become a trilateral relationship. Introduction The Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari concluded his fifth visit to China since assuming office less than two years ago. He was in China during 6-11 July 2010 and visited Beijing and Shanghai during the period. This was his first state visit as Pakistan’s president. The visit came at a time when Pakistan faces a difficult economic situation and China is engaged in the process of redefining its economic objectives. Under China’s leadership, Asia or most parts of the continent, is catching up with the more advanced countries in the global economy. Sometime soon, China will overtake Japan as the second largest economy in the world after the United States (US). China’s rise will be different for Asia as compared to the earlier rise of Japan. While Japan had anchored its economy in the West, China was focusing to a much greater extent on leading the rest of Asia 1 Shahid Javed Burki is Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of South Asian Studies, an autonomous research institute at National University of Singapore.
  • Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences & Technology

    Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences & Technology

    Degree Year Of Student Selection Campus Department Title Study Full Name Father Name CNIC Degree Title CGPA Status Merit Status Islamabad Applied Physics Bachelors 1 Khizra Khalil Khalil Ahmed Bajwa 6110152362736 BS (Hons) 3.2 Selected Student Eligible Islamabad Applied Physics Bachelors 1 ANAM ZHARA SYED AKHTER HUSSAIN SHAH 3740319867784 BS (Hons) 3.3 Selected Student Eligible Islamabad Applied Physics Bachelors 1 masood ur rehman Rehan shah 2140792271819 BS (Hons) 3.16 Selected Student Eligible Islamabad Applied Physics Bachelors 1 Muhammad Irfan Allah Dewaya 3220336130281 BS (Hons) 3.6 Selected Student Eligible Islamabad Applied Physics Bachelors 1 Ahsan Iftikhar Iftikhar Ahmad 3720114487337 BS (Hons) 3.58 Selected Student Eligible Islamabad Applied Physics Bachelors 1 Qurat Ul Ain Aziz Ullah Khan 3830101789040 BS (Hons) 3.18 Selected Student Eligible Islamabad Applied Physics Bachelors 1 Muhammad Majid Muhammad Faridoon 3740589951603 BS (Hons) 3.51 Selected Student Eligible Islamabad Applied Physics Bachelors 1 Abdul Manan Muhammad Saleem 3740341694235 BS (Hons) 3.88 Selected Student Eligible Islamabad Applied Physics Bachelors 1 Muhammad Awais Muhammad Saeed 3710293250617 BS (Hons) 3.55 Selected Student Eligible Islamabad Applied Physics Bachelors 1 MAYA SYED SYED TAFAZUL HASSAN 6110194455878 BS (Hons) 3.7 Selected Student Eligible Islamabad Applied Physics Bachelors 1 Mehreen Bibi Faqar Din 8220209594876 BS (Hons) 3.2 Selected Student Eligible Islamabad Applied Physics Bachelors 1 AMBREEN SAFDAR MALIK SAFDAR HUSSAIN 6110192701214
  • A Musharraf Order Haunts Pakistan

    A Musharraf Order Haunts Pakistan

    ISA S Brief No. 229 – 13 February 2012 469A Bukit Timah Road #07-01, Tower Block, Singapore 259770 Tel: 6516 6179 / 6516 4239 Fax: 6776 7505 / 6314 5447 Email: [email protected] Website: www.isas.nus.edu.sg A Musharraf Order Haunts Pakistan Sajjad Ashraf1 The spectre of Pakistan’s embattled Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani being convicted for contempt of court on 13 February 2012 – for flouting court orders to write to the Swiss authorities to re-open money laundering cases against President Asif Ali Zardari – threatens to plunge the country deeper into a political crisis. Benazir Bhutto, Zardari’s slain wife and a former Prime Minister of Pakistan, was the co-accused in those money laundering cases. It is widely believed that Gilani will now be formally indicted. Earlier, after a two-day preliminary hearing, the court was ‘satisfied prima facie that there is enough case for further proceedings’. Gilani, who ‘had long stood convicted in the court of public opinion, guilty of crimes like incompetence and corruption’ (in the words of the editor of The News), may become the first sitting Prime Minister of Pakistan to be convicted for contempt of court, to be imprisoned and to stand disqualified for public office for five years. The contempt case stems from a ruling by the full-17-member Supreme Court on 16 December 2009 that the Musharraf-promulgated National Reconciliation Ordinance (NRO) of 5 October 2007 was illegal from the date of promulgation. As is well known, General 1 Ambassador (R) Sajjad Ashraf served as Pakistan’s High Commissioner to Singapore from 2004 to 2008.
  • Announced on Monday, July 19, 2021

    Announced on Monday, July 19, 2021

    FINAL RESULT - FALL 2021 ROUND 2 Announced on Monday, July 19, 2021 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, KARACHI BBA, BS (ACCOUNTING & FINANCE), BS (ECONOMICS) & BS (SOCIAL SCIENCES) ADMISSIONS FINAL RESULT ‐ TEST HELD ON SUNDAY, JULY 4, 2021 (FALL 2021, ROUND 2) LIST OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES FOR DIRECT ADMISSION (BBA PROGRAM) SAT Test Math Eng TOTAL Maximum Marks 800 800 1600 Cut-Off Marks 600 600 1420 Math Eng Total IBA Test MCQ MCQ MCQ Maximum Marks 180 180 360 Cut-Off Marks 88 88 224 Seat S. No. App No. Name Father's Name No. 1 7904 30 LAIBA RAZI RAZI AHMED JALALI 112 116 228 2 7957 2959 HASSAAN RAZA CHINOY MUHAMMAD RAZA CHINOY 112 132 244 3 7962 3549 MUHAMMAD SHAYAN ARIF ARIF HUSSAIN 152 120 272 4 7979 455 FATIMA RIZWAN RIZWAN SATTAR 160 92 252 5 8000 1464 MOOSA SHERGILL FARZAND SHERGILL 124 124 248 6 8937 1195 ANAUSHEY BATOOL ATTA HUSSAIN SHAH 92 156 248 7 8938 1200 BIZZAL FARHAN ALI MEMON FARHAN MEMON 112 112 224 8 8978 2248 AFRA ABRO NAVEED ABRO 96 136 232 9 8982 2306 MUHAMMAD TALHA MEMON SHAHID PARVEZ MEMON 136 136 272 10 9003 3266 NIRDOSH KUMAR NARAIN NA 120 108 228 11 9017 3635 ALI SHAZ KARMANI IMTIAZ ALI KARMANI 136 100 236 12 9031 1945 SAIFULLAH SOOMRO MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM SOOMRO 132 96 228 13 9469 1187 MUHAMMAD ADIL RAFIQ AHMAD KHAN 112 112 224 14 9579 2321 MOHAMMAD ABDULLAH KUNDI MOHAMMAD ASGHAR KHAN KUNDI 100 124 224 15 9582 2346 ADINA ASIF MALIK MOHAMMAD ASIF 104 120 224 16 9586 2566 SAMAMA BIN ASAD MUHAMMAD ASAD IQBAL 96 128 224 17 9598 2685 SYED ZAFAR ALI SYED SHAUKAT HUSSAIN SHAH 124 104 228 18 9684 526 MUHAMMAD HAMZA
  • Parliamentary System and Framing of the 1973 Constitution: Contest Between Government and Opposition Inside the National Assembly

    Parliamentary System and Framing of the 1973 Constitution: Contest Between Government and Opposition Inside the National Assembly

    Pakistan Perspectives Vol. 25, No.1, January-June 2020 Parliamentary System and Framing of the 1973 Constitution: Contest between Government and Opposition inside the National Assembly Rahat Zubair Malik* Abstract It is generally believed that the Constitution of 1973 was passed unanimously by the parliament of Pakistan and was equally acceptable for all the federating units. While studying the processes of the approval of the said constitution inside the assembly, it becomes evident that the reality was quite different. There exists an argument that most of the Opposition members were not allowed to join the parliament’s session while the final approval of the constitution was processed. The present paper is an effort to analyse the developments that took place inside the National Assembly to pass this document which was to serve as the fundamental document of the state system in forthcoming years. In other words, the present article analyses the course of action through which the Constitution was framed. This is an analytical study primarily based on the National Assembly debates supported by the secondary sources, biographies, and autobiographies of the contemporary politicians to understand how far the amendments suggested by the then opposition were accommodated by the ruling party. Furthermore, this paper analyses the reasons for which each government has to amend the basic structure of the constitution to make it more practical and acceptable for its units. For instance the Eighteenth Amendment removed the concurrent list of the constitution but now the following governments are facing issues to implement the Amendment in detail. Keywords: 1973 Constitution, Opposition Parties, National Assembly Debates, Federating Units, Eighteenth Amendment ______ Introduction Pakistan inherited a parliamentary form of government in which there was a union of powers of Judiciary and the Executive, based on the British-built apparatus of the state, armed forces, and intelligence services along with the basic set of laws, which made the central government all-powerful.
  • Islamist Militancy in the Pakistan-Afghanistan Border Region and U.S. Policy

    Islamist Militancy in the Pakistan-Afghanistan Border Region and U.S. Policy

    = 81&2.89= .1.9&3(>=.3=9-*=&0.89&38 +,-&3.89&3=47)*7=*,.43=&3)=__=41.(>= _=1&3=74389&)9= 5*(.&1.89=.3=4:9-=8.&3=++&.78= *33*9-=&9?2&3= 5*(.&1.89=.3=.))1*=&89*73=++&.78= 4;*2'*7=,+`=,**2= 43,7*88.43&1= *8*&7(-=*7;.(*= 18/1**= <<<_(78_,4;= -.10-= =*5479=+47=43,7*88 Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress 81&2.89= .1.9&3(>=.3=9-*=&0.89&38+,-&3.89&3=47)*7=*,.43=&3)=__=41.(>= = :22&7>= Increasing militant activity in western Pakistan poses three key national security threats: an increased potential for major attacks against the United States itself; a growing threat to Pakistani stability; and a hindrance of U.S. efforts to stabilize Afghanistan. This report will be updated as events warrant. A U.S.-Pakistan relationship marked by periods of both cooperation and discord was transformed by the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the ensuing enlistment of Pakistan as a key ally in U.S.-led counterterrorism efforts. Top U.S. officials have praised Pakistan for its ongoing cooperation, although long-held doubts exist about Islamabad’s commitment to some core U.S. interests. Pakistan is identified as a base for terrorist groups and their supporters operating in Kashmir, India, and Afghanistan. Since 2003, Pakistan’s army has conducted unprecedented and largely ineffectual counterterrorism operations in the country’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) bordering Afghanistan, where Al Qaeda operatives and pro-Taliban insurgents are said to enjoy “safe haven.” Militant groups have only grown stronger and more aggressive in 2008.