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Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part II - Crustacea

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Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 101 DFO - Library MPO - Bibliothèque III 11 1 1111 1 1111111 II 1 2038995 Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part II - Crustacea Edited by L. Margolis and Z. Kabata L. C.3 il) Fisheries Pêches and Oceans et Océans Caned. Lee: GUIDE TO THE PARASITES OF FISHES OF CANADA PART II - CRUSTACEA Published by Publié par Fisheries Pêches 1+1 and Oceans et Océans Communications Direction générale Directorate des communications Ottawa K1 A 0E6 © Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1988 Available from authorized bookstore agents, other bookstores or you may send your prepaid order to the Canadian Government Publishing Centre Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0S9. Make cheques or money orders payable in Canadian funds to the Receiver General for Canada. A deposit copy of this publication is also available for reference in public libraries across Canada. Canada : $11.95 Cat. No. Fs 41-31/101E Other countries: $14.35 ISBN 0-660-12794-6 + shipping & handling ISSN 0706-6481 DFO/4029 Price subject to change without notice All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishing Services, Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Ottawa, Canada K1A 0S9. A/Director: John Camp Editorial and Publishing Services: Gerald J. Neville Printer: The Runge Press Limited Cover Design : Diane Dufour Correct citations for this publication: KABATA, Z. 1988. Copepoda and Branchiura, p. 3-127. In L. Margolis and Z. Kabata [cd.] Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada. Part II — Crustacea. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 101: 184 p. RAFI, F. 1988. Isopoda, p. 129-148. In L. Margolis and Z. Kabata [cd.] Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada. Part II — Crustacea. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 101: 184 p. BOUSFIELD, E.L., AND Z. KABATA. 1988. Amphipoda, p. 149-163. In L. Margolis and Z. Kabata [cd.] Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada. Part II — Crustacea. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 101: 184 p. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 101 Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Edited by L. Margolis and Z. Kabata Department of Fisheries and Oceans Biological Sciences Branch Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5K6 Part II — Crustacea Copepoda and Branchiura Z. Kabata Department of Fisheries and Oceans Biological Sciences Branch Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, British Columbia V9 1? 5K6 Isopoda Fahmida Rafi Department of Zoology National Museum of Natural History Ottawa, Ontario KlA 0M8 Amphipoda E. L. Bousfield Department of Zoology National Museum of Natural History Ottawa, Ontario KlA 0M8 and Z. Kabata Department of Fisheries and Oceans Biological Sciences Branch Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5K6 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS Ottawa 1988 Contents Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part II — Crustacea Introduction 1 Copepoda and Branchiura. Z. Kabata 3 Abstract/Résumé 4 Introduction to Copepoda 4 Keys to Copepoda 5 Appendix to Copepoda 111 Introduction to Branchiura 114 Key to Branchiura 114 References 123 Isopoda. Fahmida Rafi 129 Abstract/Résumé 130 Introduction 130 Keys to Isopoda 133 Acknowledgments 145 References 148 Amphipoda. E.L. Bousfield and Z. Kabata 149 Abstract/Résumé 150 Introduction 150 Keys to Amphipoda 152 References 163 Host-Crustacean Parasite List 165 Index to Parasites 175 Index to Hosts 179 V INTRODUCTION In presenting the second part of the "Guide to the the readers' convenience, however, a combined host- Parasites of Fishes of Canada," we would like to make parasite list is appended at the end. The host list is a few brief comments on this contribution to the series. arranged taxonomically, in accordance with the order To begin with, the fact that the part "Crustacea" adopted by Robins et al. (1980). An index to hosts follows "Monogenea and Turbellaria" is purely fortui- (p. 179) helps to locate each species without difficulty. tous, having been determined by the timing of its The capital letters behind names of parasites denote completion. As stated in our introduction to the series their taxonomic affinity : Copepoda (C), Branchiura (Margolis and Kabata 1984), this publication is (B), Isopoda (I), and Amphipoda (A). intended primarily as an aid to identification of para- sites of fishes and its format is generally that of an The descriptions of Copepoda, a group of great expanded key. morphological diversity, could be compressed without detracting from the facility with which they can be iden- This part of the "Guide" is devoted exclusively tified. Morphologically more uniform Amphipoda and to the crustacean parasites of fishes. In all, four major Isopoda required somewhat longer descriptions. In all crustacean taxa are represented (Copepoda, Bran- instances, however, only features salient for the taxa chiura, Amphipoda, and Isopoda). At the time of have been included. writing, 163 species of crustacean parasites (131 Copepoda, 10 Branchiura, 11 Isopoda, and 11 In presenting records of localities and host affilia- Amphipoda) are known to infect Canadian fishes. They tions, the authors used as their baseline the Synopsis of Margolis occur on 232 species of fish. Since the fish fauna of and Arthur (1979). In the copepod section all Canada comprises currently 1,008 species (D. E. records for which no citation is given were taken from McAllister, National Museum of Natural History, this synopsis. Full citations are given only for those Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0M8, personal communica- records that are either subsequent to the publication of tion), slightly fewer than a quarter of them (23 %) have the synopsis or were not included in it. Since no records been found to be parasitized by Crustacea. Somewhat of Amphipoda and only a few of Isopoda were included fewer than a half of these fishes (43.3 %) are known to in the synopsis, all records are treated in full in the harbour only one species of crustacean. As many as accounts of these groups. 84.5 % carry 1-5 species, 14.6 % carry 6-10 species. The Synopsis was also followed in designating Two (0.9 %) carry more than 10 species. geographical locations of the records shown in the keys. The majority (80.4 %) of the crustacean parasites The following abbreviations were used : For marine recorded from Canadian fishes belong to Copepoda. areas, Arctic (Arc), Atlantic (At1), East Arctic (E Arc), These figures are far from definitive. New discoveries Pacific (Pac), and West Arctic (W Arc). For inland and new locality records continue to raise the number waters, Alberta (Alta), British Columbia (BC), of parasite species. It is to be expected that many more Labrador (Lab), Manitoba (Man), New Brunswick species, particularly of the higher Crustacea (Isopoda (NB), Newfoundland (Nfld), Northwest Territories and Amphipoda) will be discovered. (NWT), Nova Scotia (NS), Ontario (Ont), Prince Edward Island (PET), Quebec (Que), Saskatchewan Three authors were invited to cover the broad (Sask), and Yukon Territory (YT). range of crustacean species parasitizing Canadian fishes : Z. Kabata deals with Copepoda and Branchiura, The first task of any reader trying to identify a Fahmida Rafi with Isopoda, and E. L. Bousfield and Z. specimen of a crustacean parasite will be to determine Kabata with Amphipoda. This multiple authorship to which of the four major taxa his specimen belongs. imposes some slight differences in the manner of treat- He can then move to the appropriate section of this ment of the three sections, although we have tried to volume. keep these differences to a minimum. The authors have To facilitate this first step, a key to the major taxa produced their own separate lists of literature cited. For is given below. Key to major taxa 1 Two prominent circular suckers (modified from first maxillae) present on ventral surface of cephalothorax Branchiura Suckers absent from ventral surface of cephalothorax 2 1 2 Legs, when present, represented by not more than four pairs of fully developed limbs, at least some of them biramous ; no appendages on abdominal segments Copepoda Seven pairs of uniramous, ambulatory legs invariably present ; appendages present also on abdominal segments 3 3 Body usually flattened dorsoventrally, first pair of legs subchelate, six pairs of abdominal appendages present (five modified pleopods, one unmodified uropod) Isopoda Body usually compressed side to side, first two pairs of legs subchelate, abdominal appendages represented by three pairs of pleopods (modified) and three pairs of uropods (unmodified) Amphipoda References MARGOLIS, L., AND J. R. ARTHUR. 1979. Synopsis of the parasites ROBINS, C. R., R. M. BAILEY, C. E. BOND, J. R. BROOKER, E. A. of fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 199: 269 p. LACHNER, R. N. LEE, AND W. B. SCOTT. 1980. A list Of MARGOLIS, L., AND Z. ICABATA. 1984. General introduction, p. 1-4. common and scientific names of fishes from the United States In: L. Margolis and Z. Kabata [ed.] Guide to the parasites of and Canada. (Fourth Edition.) Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. fishes of Canada. Part 1. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 74: No. 12: 174 p. 209 p. THE EDITORS 2 COPEPODA AND BRANCHIURA Z. KABATA ABSTRACT KABATA, Z. 1988. Copepoda and Branchiura, p. 3-127. In L. Margolis and Z. Kabata [ed.] Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada. Part II. Crustacea. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 101: 184 p. Keys to identification of all 131 species of Copepoda and 10 species of Branchiura known to parasitize Cana- dian fishes are provided, with brief descriptions and illustrations of all salient morphological features of each species. An appendix to the Copepoda describes the most common larval stages of these parasites occurring on Canadian fishes.
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    Bio-Research, 7(2): 561 – 570 561 Parasite Assemblages in Fish Hosts 1Iyaji, F. O., 2Etim. L. and 1Eyo, J. E. 1Department of Zoology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria 2Department of Fisheries, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria Corresponding Author: Iyaji, F. O. Department of Zoology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Email: [email protected] Abstract A review of various factors affecting parasite assemblages in fish hosts is presented. These factors are broadly divided into two: Biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors such as host age and size, host size and parasites size, host specificity, host diet and host sex and their influence on the abundance and distribution of parasites are considered and highlighted. Equally, seasonality and other environmental factors that may facilitate the establishment and proliferations of parasites in host populations are also highlighted. Keywords: Parasite, Factors, Assemblages, Fish hosts Introduction Results and Discussion There are numerous biotic and abiotic factors that affect parasite assemblages (Bauer, 1959; Esch, Host age and size: Generally, standard length of 1982; Kennedy, 1995). The term assemblages is fish is directly related to age (Shotter, 1973) and used here to refer to all microhabitat, in fish body size. Age has often been found to be (gastrointestinal) or on (external surfaces) the fish positively associated with the prevalence and/or hosts (Poulin, 2004). These factors include the intensity of parasitic infection (Betterton, 1974; following: physiological condition of the fish host, Madhavi and Rukmini, 1991; Chandler et al., 1995) host diet, host size, evolutionary history and (Table 1). Poulin (2000) stated that in fish environmental factors, such as season of the year, population, parasitic infection tends to increase with size and type of water body, altitude, temperature, increasing host age and size.
  • Population Ecology and Epidemiology of Sea Lice in Canadian Waters Sonja M

    Population Ecology and Epidemiology of Sea Lice in Canadian Waters Sonja M

    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Maine Sea Grant Publications Maine Sea Grant 2-2015 Population Ecology and Epidemiology of Sea Lice in Canadian Waters Sonja M. Saksida British Columbia Centre for Aquatic Health Sciences Ian Bricknell University of Maine, [email protected] Shawn M. C. Robinson Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews Biological Station Simon Jones Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific ioB logical Station Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/seagrant_pub Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, and the Population Biology Commons Repository Citation Saksida, Sonja M.; Bricknell, Ian; Robinson, Shawn M. C.; and Jones, Simon, "Population Ecology and Epidemiology of Sea Lice in Canadian Waters" (2015). Maine Sea Grant Publications. 75. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/seagrant_pub/75 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine Sea Grant Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS) Research Document 2015/004 National Capital Region Population ecology and epidemiology of sea lice in Canadian waters S. Saksida1, I. Bricknell2, S. Robinson3 and S. Jones4 1 British Columbia Centre for Aquatic Health Sciences 871A Island Highway, Campbell River, BC V9W 2C2 2 School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine Orono, ME 04469 3 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews Biological Station 531 Brandy Cove Road, St. Andrews, NB E5B 2L9 4 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station 3190 Hammond Bay Rd., Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7 February 2015 Foreword This series documents the scientific basis for the evaluation of aquatic resources and ecosystems in Canada.