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Guide for the Preparation of Local Municipal Waste Prevention Plans © Government of Catalonia Department of the Environment and Housing Waste Agency of Catalonia

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Guide for the Preparation of Local Municipal Waste Prevention Plans © Government of Catalonia Department of the Environment and Housing Waste Agency of Catalonia guide for the preparation of local municipal waste prevention plans © Government of Catalonia Department of the Environment and Housing Waste Agency of Catalonia November 2008 Study carried out by: Urban Ecology Agency of Barcelona and Waste Agency of Catalonia Translation from Catalan into English and revision of hyperlinks, March 2013 Translation: t&s® – Traducciones y Tratamiento de la Documentación, S.L. Design: Noema Consulting guide for the preparation of local municipal waste prevention plans 1 Contents page 4 1 Contents 1. Contents 3 2. Introduction 9 3. How the guide is set up 13 4. Waste prevention 15 4.1. Definition of prevention 16 4.2. Basic terminology 17 4.3. Benefits of prevention 19 4.4. Local waste prevention instruments 20 4.5. Regulatory framework governing prevention 22 5. Analysis of the management of waste in regard to prevention 31 5.1. Characterisation of waste streams 32 5.1.1. Analysis of the composition of municipal waste 32 5.1.2. Waste generation forecasting 34 5.2. Understanding waste generation processes 35 5.3. Assessment of the economic and environmental costs of waste management 37 5.3.1. Economic costs 37 5.3.2. Environmental costs 37 5.4. Determining the levels of awareness and expectations of the public and local economic agents 38 5.5. Review of regulatory and planning targets 39 5.6. Assessing the impact of waste prevention 39 page 5 6. Drawing up the plan 43 6.1. Aspects to consider when designing the plan 44 6.2. Defining the scope of the plan 45 6.3. Defining the plan's targets 45 6.3.1. Defining qualitative targets 46 6.3.2. Defining quantitative targets 46 6.3.3. Defining general waste prevention indicators 49 6.4. Defining the strategic lines of action 52 6.4.1. Strategies 55 6.4.2. Linking to crosscutting strategies 57 6.5. Additional measures 57 6.5.1. Waste management measures affecting waste prevention strategies 57 6.6. Timetable 59 6.7. Assessment of consistency between measures and their long-term impact 60 6.8. Monitoring instruments and assessing progress 63 6.8.1. Types of monitoring action 63 6.8.2. Contents of monitoring reports 63 6.9. Proposed contents of a local waste prevention plan 65 guide for the preparation of local municipal waste prevention plans page 6 7. Annex 67 7.1. Information sheets for the analysis 68 D1. Composition of waste in Catalonia 68 D2. Procedure for calculating the standard bag 70 D3. Procedure for calculating the net cost 75 D4. Environmental impacts of waste management 78 D5. Methods for analysing agents' awareness 80 7.2. Information sheets on waste prevention measures 81 A1. Encouraging home composting 81 A2. Encouraging community composting 83 A3. Encouraging the use of the aerated bin to collect the OFMSW 84 A4. Promoting measures to combat food wastage. Responsible purchasing and consumption of foodstuffs 86 A5. Regulations on advertising materials and/or free newspapers 88 A6. Promoting the responsible use of paper and the dematerialisation of information 89 A7. Encouraging the reuse of textbooks and other books 91 A8. Encouraging the public to drink tap water 93 A9. Promoting the supply of and demand for products with less packaging and products sold in bulk 95 A10. Promoting the replacement of disposable bags with reusable bags 97 A11. Promoting the use of less packaging (secondary and tertiary) 99 A12. Promotion of reusable glass containers 100 A13. Fostering the reuse of clothing 102 A14. Promoting the use of reusable nappies 104 A15. Fostering the reuse of goods and products 106 page 7 A16. Fostering the repair of goods and products 109 A17. Promoting the supply of and demand for goods and products which generate less waste 111 A18. Fostering the consumption of non-material goods and services 113 A19. Promoting networks and rental points for shared items 114 A20. Greening government and environmentally friendly public procurement 117 A21. Promoting good environmental practices during public events and festivities 120 A22. Awards for waste prevention initiatives 122 A23. Taxes linked to the generation of waste 124 7.3. Information sheets for instruments 129 E/CI. Educational and communication instruments 129 EI. Economic instruments 130 OI. Organisational instruments 131 RI. Regulatory instruments 132 guide for the preparation of local municipal waste prevention plans page 8 2 Introduction page 10 2 Introduction The purpose of this guide is to develop one of the tools con- Other fractions which continue to increase are packaging tained in the new PROGREMIC 2007-2012 Sub-programme for (especially in terms of volume) and paper (mainly advertising Waste Prevention, providing information on how to prepare materials and the growth of free newspapers). local waste prevention plans. The current production and consumption model impacts on The amount of waste generated by each inhabitant of the the environment in a number of ways. Most notably, the con- more developed countries is one indicator of the total amount sumption of products (including production, transport and of resources they consume. The more waste we generate, the distribution) is responsible for around 50% of the emissions clearer it is that our production and consumption model is that contribute to climate change. A further issue is the social unsustainable. impact of the clearly inequitable manner in which resources are distributed globally. The quantity of municipal waste generated in Europe is con- stantly growing, with each inhabitant of large cities now gen- New collection and treatment infrastructures also have to be erating over 600 kg a year ( '-100 kg' campaign, ACR+). developed to keep up with the increasing quantities of waste that must be managed, representing a major burden on pub- The volume of municipal waste generated in Catalonia is high lic finances and generating their own environmental impacts. (4,311,370 tonnes in 2007), but the trend has flattened some- what, with the waste generated per person remaining stable Reducing the amount of waste produced in the first place throughout 2005, 2006 and 2007 at 1.64 kg per day. requires major changes in how waste is managed and demands a major commitment from all involved: govern- There has been a significant increase in recent years in the ments, companies, businesses, associations, public authorities, volumes of certain traditionally minority waste fractions gen- etc. Local government bodies are key actors in the planning erated in Catalonia, some of which have virtually doubled in and management of waste. absolute terms. These include textiles, furniture, electrical and electronic equipment and building rubble. This increase Municipal authorities must act as facilitators, encouraging con- is partly due to the launch of selective collection initiatives certed action by all the agents involved at their respective lev- which have made these materials easier to identify and els, in a spirit of continuous improvement. If waste reduction measure, but also due to the consumption of new services targets are to be met, it will be necessary to plan and imple- and products (such as new consumer electronics) and the ment a medium- and long-term strategy that will ensure all high rate at which such goods are replaced in response to agents are involved and aware. fashion or new technologies, rapid obsolescence (e.g. com- puters) and the fact that many are impossible or too costly to This strategy will be implemented via the development of repair. local municipal waste prevention plans. page 11 Local (or supra-local) planning will provide continuity and a framework for the individual measures being implemented, incorporating them into a global strategy that will: • Ensure a more coherent management of municipal waste in accordance with regulatory structures. • Improve levels of leadership and agreement. • Make more effective use of resources (cost-benefit). • Increase the levels of commitment and coordination of all those involved. • Raise awareness and levels of involvement. • Ensure the measures implemented are more effective and help prevent more waste. guide for the preparation of local municipal waste prevention plans page 12 3 How the guide is set up page 14 3 How the guide is set up The guide provides detailed information on the methodology and steps involved in the preparation of the most thorough and complete waste prevention plans. Although this is a complex task, it is possible to simplify the con- tents of each section of the plan to reflect the resources, knowl- edge and needs of each local authority. The purpose of this guide is to develop consistent local waste pre- vention strategies that local bodies will be willing to implement. The guide contains four sections: • An introduction to waste prevention. • The methodology proposed for preparing an analysis of how waste is managed prior to drawing up a prevention plan. • The methodology for drafting a strategy plan and all the tasks involved: scope, objectives, timetable, etc. • A set of explanatory documents, including: • Examples of waste management studies. • Measures that can be implemented to prevent waste. • Tools that may be used to help implement such measures. 4 Waste prevention page 16 4 Waste prevention For the purposes of this guide, preventing municipal waste 4.1. Definition of prevention refers to: PROGREMIC defines waste prevention as the measures taken Reducing the quantity (by weight or volume) and the before a substance, material or product becomes waste and hazardousness of the municipal waste generated. which reduce: • The quantity of waste (including reusing and extending the Prevention includes: useful life of products). • Preventing the production of waste at source. • The negative impacts of the waste generated on public health • Reducing the quantity and/or hazardousness of the waste. and the environment. • Reusing products (including individual and community • The hazardous substances contained in materials and composting schemes).
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