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Mariner Mars 1964 Handbook

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Mariner Mars 1964 Handbook NATIONALAERONAUTICSANDSPACEADMINISTRATION MARINER MARS 1964 HANDBOOK RobertVanBuren JETPROPULSIONLABORATORY CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology December1, 1965 JPLTechnicalMemorandum33-265 Copyright© 1965 Jet PropulsionLaboratory California Institute of Technology Prepared under Contract No. NAS7-100 National Aerenauticsand Space Administration Preface This book presents a compilation of significant technical data relative to Mariner Mars 1964. Its purpose is to collect, in one location, a wide variety of statistical information that would otherwise be scattered throughout a large number of miscellaneous documents. The information presented here pertains primarily to the Mariner spacecraft, itself; it does not include the Launch Vehicle System, the ground support equipment, the Deep Space Network System, or other areas of the total Mariner Mars 1964 project. The primary Mariner Mars ]964 mission is considered in this book to have ended on October 1, 1965. Historical data are carried only to that date, although some orbital parame. ters are projected to 1967 and 1971 in the tables and figures. It is expected that the user of this handbook will have somefamiliarity with the terminology, operational procedures, and engineering concepts related to an interplanetary space- craft project and, specifically, to the Mariner Mars 1964 proj- ect. The handbook's function is more to remind those who already know than to instruct those who don't. A list of documentspertaining to the Mariner Mars 1964 mission is included (Table 25) for reference purposes. The list is complete as of the publication date of this handbook, but many articles and reports are still being prepared and will continueto be published for sometime to come. CONTENTS AbsorptivityStandard ..................................... 1 Acquisition(see Sun Acquisition,Star Acquisition) Albedo (see Mars) Alpha Particles (see Scientific Data, CosmicRay Telescope) Altitude ............................................... 1 Antenna (see High-GainAntenna, Low-GainAntenna) Aphelion (see Orbit Data) AstronomicalUnit (see Orbit Data) Atmosphere,Martian (see Scientific Data) Attitude Control ......................................... 2 Battery (see Power) Bays ................................................. 3 Bibliography(see Table 25) Bit Rate ............................................... 3 Black Space Picture Sequence .............................. 3 Booster Regulators (see Power) CanopusAcquisition(see Star Acquisition) Canopus-Probe-SunAngles .................................. 4 Canopus Tracker ........................................ 4 Cavity Amplifier (see Radio) Celestial Latitude, Mariner IV .............................. 5 Celestial Longitude, Earth ................................. 6 Celestial Longitude, Mariner IV ............................. 6 Celestial Longitude, Mars ................................. 6 Center of Gravity (see Spacecraft) Central Computer and Sequencer ............................ 7 Chronology(see Dates, Event Times) Clock (see Central Computer and Sequencer) Clock Angle ............................................ 8 ClosestApproachto Mars .................................. 8 CognizantEngineers and Scientists (see Personnel) Command Subsystem ..................................... 8 Commands ............................................. 9 Communication .......................................... 11 Communication Times, One Way ............................. 11 Computer (see Central Computer and Sequencer) Cone Angle ............................................ ] 1 Conjunction (see Orbit Data) Contractors (see Table 24) Cosmic Dust Detector ..................................... 12 Cosmic RayTelescope ..................................... 12 Cost Information ........................................ 14 Cover Drop ............................................. ]5 CONTENTS(Cont'd) Cruise Mode ............................................ 15 . Cyclics ............................................... 16 Data (see Telemetry) Data Automation Subsystem ................................ 16 Data Encoder Subsystem ................................... 16 Data Modes (see Telemetry) Dates ................................................. 16 DC-15 Canopus Gate Override Event .......................... 18 Deimos(see Mars) Detectors (see Canopus Tracker, Earth Detector) Dimensions ............................................ 18 Dipole Moment of Earth ................................... 19 Dipole Moment of Mars (see Scientific Data) Distance of Mariner IV from Earth ........................... 19 Distance of Mariner IV from Center of Mars .................... 19 Distance of Mariner IV from Sun ............................ 20 Distance Traveled Along Heliocentic Arc by Mariner IV ............ 21 Documents(see Table 25) Earth Clock Angle Through1971 (see Fig. 42) Earth Detector .......................................... 22 Earth Dipole Moment ..................................... 22 Earth-Probe-Sun Angle ..................................... 22 Ecliptic ............................................... 22 Electrons (see Scientific Data, Trapped Radiation Detector, Cosmic RayTelescope) Encounter ............................................. 22 End of Mission .......................................... 23 Engineering Change Requests ............................... 23 Environmental Tests ...................................... 24 Escape Velocity ......................................... 24 Event Times, GMT ........................................ 24 Exciters (see Radio) Experimenters (see Table 7) Fields and Particles ...................................... 31 Fields of View .......................................... 31 Frequency (see Radio) Fuel (see Propulsion) Gas (see Attitude Control) Gravitational Constant (see Orbit Data) Greenwich Mean Times of Mission Events (see Event Times) Gyro Control Subsystem ................................... 32 Helium Magnetometer ..................................... 32 High-Gain Antenna ........................................ 33 CONTENTS(Cent'd) Injection (see Event Times) Instruments, Field and Particles (see Cosmic Dust Detector, Cosmic Ray Telescope, Helium Magnetometer, Ionization Chamber, Solar Plasma Probe, Trapped Radiation Detector; see also Scientific Data from Mariner IV, Telemetry) Interferometer Effect (see Fig. 26) Investigators (see Table 7) Ionization Chamber ...................................... 34 Latitude (see Celestial Latitude) Launch Data for Mariner III ................................ 34 Launch Data for Mariner IV ................................ 34 Life Tests ............................................. 35 Longitude (see Celestial Longitude) Look Angles ............................................ 35 Louvers (see Temperature Control) Low-Gain Antenna ........................................ 36 Magnetic Fields ......................................... 37 Magnetometer (see Helium Magnetometer) Maneuver Inhibit Sequence ................................ 3'7 Mariner III ............................................. 37 Mars ................................................. 38 Mass (see Scientific Data) Materials (see Spacecraft Structure, Absorptivity Standard) Measurements (see Scientific Data, Telemetry; see also Cosmic Dust Detector, Cosmic Ray Telescope, Helium Magnetometer, Ionization Chamb3r, Solar Plasma Probe, Trapped Radiation Detector, and Figs. 10-13, 22, and 24-33) Midcourse Maneuver ..................................... 40 Midcourse Motor (see Propulsion) MT-1 Canopus Cone Angle Update Event ....................... 42 MT-2 Canopus Cone Angle Update Event ....................... 42 MT-3 Canopus Cone Angle Update Event ....................... 43 MT-4 Canopus Cone Angle Update Event ....................... 43 MT-5 Changeover to High-Gain Antenna ........................ 44 MT-6 Changeover to 81/3 bps ............................... 44 MT-7 Event (see Encounter) MT-8 Event (see Event Times) MT-9 Event (see Event Times) Narrow-Angle Acquisition (see Event Times, Narrow-Angle Mars Gate) Narrow-Angle Mars Gate ................................... 45 NASA Quarterly Reviews (see Dates) Occultation Experiment .................................... 46 Opposition (see Orbit Data) Orbit Data, Mariner III .................................... 46 Orbit Data, Mariner IV .................................... 47 vii CONTENTS(Cont'd) Parking Orbit (see LaunchData) Part Failure Summary(see Table 26) Parts, Numberof (see Spacecraft) Perihelion (see Orbit Data) Personnel ............................................. 49 Phobos(see Mars) Photographs(see Picture Data) Picture Data ........................................... 54 Planetary Acquisition (see Wide-AngleAcquisition) Planetary Scan Platform ................................... 57 Plasma Probe (see Solar Plasma Probe) Post-Injection Propulsion System (see Propulsion) Power Subsystem ........................................ 58 Principal Investigators (see Table 7) Problem/Failure Reports .................................. 59 Propulsion System ....................................... 59 Protons (see Scientific Data, TrappedRadiation Detector, Cosmic Ray Telescope) Publications (see Table 25) Pyrotechnics ........................................... 60 Quarterly Reviews, NASA (see Dates) Radiation (see Cosmic Ray Telescope, Ionization Chamber, Scientific Datafrom Mariner IV, Trapped Radiation Detector) Radio ................................................. 61 Range (see Orbit Data) Receiver (see Radio)
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