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Zur Feldmäßigen Inkulturnahme Von Efeu (Hedera Helix L

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Zur Feldmäßigen Inkulturnahme Von Efeu (Hedera Helix L X) Zur feldmäßigen Inkulturnahme von Efeu (Hedera helix L. Araliaceae) HEDERA HELI Adrian Kranvogel INKULTURNAHME VON EFEU ( édition scientifique INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION VVB LAUFERSWEILER VERLAG zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. agr) im Fachbereich Agrarwissenschaften, Ökotrophologie und Umweltmanagement VVB LAUFERSWEILER VERLAG STAUFENBERGRING 15 ISBN: 978-3-8359-6162-3 der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen D-35396 GIESSEN ADRIAN KRANVOGEL Tel: 0641-5599888 Fax: -5599890 [email protected] www.doktorverlag.de 9 783835 961623 Photo cover: © Julian Weber - Fotolia.com édition scientifique VVB LAUFERSWEILER VERLAG VVB Aus dem Institut für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung I der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Professur für Pflanzenbau Leiter: Prof. Dr. Bernd Honermeier Zur feldmäßigen Inkulturnahme von Efeu (Hedera helix L. Araliaceae) Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. agr.) im Fachbereich Agrarwissenschaften, Ökotrophologie und Umweltmanagement der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen vorgelegt von Adrian Kranvogel, Eggolsheim Gießen, im März 2013 Dissertation im Fachbereich Agrarwissenschaften, Ökotrophologie und Umweltmanagement der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Dekan: Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Peter Kämpfer Prüfungskommission Vorsitzende: Prof. Dr. Dr. Annette Otte 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Bernd Honermeier 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Günter Leithold Prüfer: Prof. Dr. Diedrich Steffens Prüfer: Prof. Dr. Hans-Peter Schwarz Verzeichnisse INHALT 1. Einleitung und Zielstellung .................................................................................................................. 1 2. Literaturübersicht ................................................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Geschichte und Bedeutung des Efeus ........................................................................................... 3 2.2 Inhaltsstoffe und Wirksamkeit....................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Gesetzliche Vorgaben zur Qualität der Droge ............................................................................... 7 2.4 Botanische Charakterisierung von Efeu ......................................................................................... 8 2.4.1 Taxonomie ............................................................................................................................... 8 2.4.2 Phylogenese .......................................................................................................................... 12 2.4.3 Morphologie .......................................................................................................................... 14 2.4.4 Phänologie............................................................................................................................. 14 2.4.5 Variabilität ............................................................................................................................. 15 2.4.6 Standortansprüche ................................................................................................................ 16 2.4.7 Verbreitungsstrategien, Blütenbiologie und Keimung .......................................................... 17 2.4.8 Vegetative Vermehrung ........................................................................................................ 18 2.4.9 Krankheiten und Schädlinge ................................................................................................. 18 3. Material und Methoden .................................................................................................................... 21 3.1 Charakterisierung des Versuchsstandorts ................................................................................... 21 3.1.1 Geographische Lage und Bodeneigenschaften ..................................................................... 21 3.1.2 Klima und Witterung ............................................................................................................. 21 3.2 Versuchskonzept .......................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.1 Versuchsanlage ..................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.2 Dimensionierung der Versuchsparzellen .............................................................................. 23 3.2.3 Ausgangsmaterial und Etablierung ....................................................................................... 24 3.2.4 Pflege, Düngung und Bewässerung....................................................................................... 25 3.2.5 Pflanzenschutz ...................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.6 Ernte ...................................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.8 Aufbereitung des Ernteguts .................................................................................................. 26 3.2.9. Prüfmerkmale ...................................................................................................................... 26 3.2.10 Laboruntersuchungen (HPLC) ............................................................................................. 28 3.2.11 Statistische Auswertung ...................................................................................................... 28 3.3 Charakterisierung der durchgeführten Versuche ........................................................................ 29 3.3.1 Versuch Herkunftsvergleich .................................................................................................. 29 3.3.2 Versuch Pflanzdichte ............................................................................................................. 44 3.3.3 Versuch Schnittregime .......................................................................................................... 44 Verzeichnisse 4. Ergebnisse ......................................................................................................................................... 46 4.1 Ergebnisse des Versuchs Herkunftsvergleich .............................................................................. 46 4.1.1 Internodien- und Blattstiele .................................................................................................. 46 4.1.2 Bonitur Frühjahrsaustrieb und Frostschäden ....................................................................... 49 4.1.3 Bonitur der Biomasseentwicklung, Erträge und Eintrocknungsverhältnis ........................... 53 4.1.4 Inhaltsstoffe .......................................................................................................................... 64 4.2 Ergebnisse des Versuchs Pflanzdichte ......................................................................................... 73 4.2.1 Internodien- und Blattstiellänge ........................................................................................... 73 4.2.2 Erträge und Eintrocknungsverhältnis .................................................................................... 74 4.2.3 Inhaltsstoffe .......................................................................................................................... 79 4.3 Ergebnisse des Versuchs Schnittregime ...................................................................................... 82 4.3.1 Länge der Internodien und Blattstiele .................................................................................. 82 4.3.2 Erträge und Eintrocknungsverhältnis .................................................................................... 84 4.3.3 Inhaltsstoffe .......................................................................................................................... 88 5. Diskussion .......................................................................................................................................... 94 5.1 Ertragsleistung, Regenerationsvermögen und Winterhärte ....................................................... 94 5.2 Biomasseentwicklung, Internodien- und Blattstiellänge, relativer Stielanteil ............................ 97 5.3 Inhaltsstoffgehalte in Efeublättern .............................................................................................. 99 6. Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................................................... 104 6.1 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 107 7. Literaturverzeichnis ......................................................................................................................... 110 8. Anhang............................................................................................................................................. 116 TABELLEN Tab. 1: Systematik der Gattung Hedera L. ............................................................................................... 8 Tab. 2: Verbreitung, Chromosomenzahl und Trichomtypen von Hedera L. ........................................... 9 Tab. 3: Unterscheidungsmerkmale zwischen H. hibernica und H. helix ............................................... 11 Tab. 4: Ergebnisse von Bodenuntersuchungen
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