Projecto IC3: Uma Plataforma Integrada De Computação E Comunicações

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Projecto IC3: Uma Plataforma Integrada De Computação E Comunicações UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS E TECNOLOGIAS Projecto IC3: Uma plataforma Integrada de Computação e Comunicações Tiago José dos Santos Martins da Cruz COIMBRA 2005 UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS E TECNOLOGIAS Projecto IC3: Uma plataforma Integrada de Computação e Comunicações Tiago José dos Santos Martins da Cruz Dissertação submetida para satisfação dos requisitos do programa de Mestrado em Engenharia Informática COIMBRA 2005 Tese realizada sob a orientação do Prof. Doutor Paulo Alexandre Ferreira Simões Professor Auxiliar do Departamento de Engenharia Informática da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra Palavras Chave Gestão de Desktops Sistemas Distribuídos Integração computador-serviços de telefonia Convergência de plataformas Keywords Desktop Management Distributed Systems Computer-Telephony Integration Platform Convergence Sumário No momento em que o paradigma da computação pessoal concretizou a transição dos ambientes domésticos para o mundo empresarial, abriu-se um leque de perspectivas e possibilidades que mudou de forma radical o modo como os utilizadores encaram os meios informáticos. Esta mudança, aliada à difusão das redes de área local potenciou o surgimento de novas formas e processos de trabalho colaborativo que trouxeram um novo fôlego às organizações. Como consequência desta evolução, deu-se um aumento do número de postos de trabalho informatizados (“desktops”), decorrente da progressiva democratização do PC (Personal Computer) e dos sistemas de informação, implicando uma necessidade cada vez mais premente de mecanismos de gestão eficazes do parque de PCs em uso. Esta demanda é frequentemente relegada para um plano inferior no estudo da temática da gestão de redes e sistemas distribuídos, nem sempre sendo alvo do merecido reconhecimento. No entanto, constitui uma tarefa exigente, desgastante, consumidora de consideráveis quantidades de tempo e recursos, e com assinalável impacto no funcionamento das organizações. É contrariando esta tendência, e reconhecendo assim implicitamente a relevância do tema, que no Laboratório de Comunicações e Telemática (LCT) do Centro de Informática e Sistemas da Universidade de Coimbra se tem vindo a desenvolver trabalho de investigação devotado ao assunto, procurando compreender melhor a natureza dos problemas associados à gestão de desktops. O trabalho subjacente a esta dissertação complementa esse trabalho anterior, focado essencialmente no desenvolvimento de mecanismos uniformes de gestão distribuída orientados para uso em parques informáticos heterogéneos. O presente trabalho privilegia, por contraste, questões relacionadas com a ineficiência e inadequação dos desktops correntes. Nesse sentido, é proposta, desenvolvida e testada uma nova plataforma computacional, que conjuga alguns dos aspectos mais interessantes do PC clássico e de paradigmas alternativos como o thin client e o network computer, sem sacrificar a liberdade dos utilizadores. i ii Abstract The transition process that moved the personal computing paradigm from the domestic environment to the enterprise unveiled a new set of perspectives and possibilities that radically changed the way users perceive and understand the purpose of the computational resources put at their disposal. These changes, associated with the spreading of local-area networks, laid the groundwork where new processes and models of collaborative work would emerge and evolve. As a consequence of this paradigm shift, in parallel with the democratization of the PC (Personal Computer) and information systems, there was a dramatic increase in the number of computer-equipped workplaces, fueling demand for adequate desktop management mechanisms. Desktop management is usually not recognized as a major research topic in the general area of distributed network and systems management. Nevertheless, desktop management is indeed a challenging task that absorbs vast amounts of time, financial funds and human resources. Going against this trend, and implicitly recognizing the relevance of the subject, the Laboratory of Communications and Telematics (LCT) of the Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra has long been involved in research work devoted to better understanding the nature of desktop management problems. The work associated with this thesis thus complements previously research, focused on the search for uniform distributed management mechanisms appropriate for heterogeneous desktop management environments. In contrast, present work focuses directly on the efficiency and adequacy of current desktop platforms. In this sense, a new computational platform is proposed, developed and tested. This platform is based on a hybrid concept – halfway between PCs and thin-clients/network-computers – that inherits the best features of PCs and thin-clients without sacrificing user freedom. iii iv Agradecimentos Ao meu orientador científico, Doutor Paulo Alexandre Ferreira Simões pelo incentivo, rigor, atitude construtiva e pela disponibilidade sempre demonstrada ao longo do desenvolvimento deste projecto. Ao José Martins, ao Eng. Luís Pinto e ao Mestre Jorge Tavares pelos conselhos, amizade e apoio dispensados. Ao Dr. José Marques, Director Executivo da AIRC pela sua atitude de tolerância, espírito humano e compreensão que me permitiu prosseguir este projecto em simultâneo com o desenvolvimento de uma actividade profissional. À Olga pela infinita paciência, imenso carinho e precioso auxílio. Aos meus pais pelo apoio e disponibilidade. Ao melhor Amigo do mundo, pelo amparo e apoio nas horas difíceis. v vi Índice Agradecimentos ........................................................................................................................v Índice ...................................................................................................................................... vii Lista de figuras ....................................................................................................................... xi Lista de Tabelas .................................................................................................................... xiii Lista de acrónimos e abreviaturas ........................................................................................xv 1. Introdução.............................................................................................................................1 1.1 Motivação........................................................................................................................2 1.2 Objectivos .......................................................................................................................2 1.3 Estrutura da dissertação................................................................................................3 2. Gestão de Desktops ...............................................................................................................5 2.1 A era da mainframe........................................................................................................6 2.2 A chegada do PC e a mudança de paradigma .............................................................6 2.3 A promessa do paradigma cliente-servidor .................................................................8 2.4 Em busca de Soluções para o Dilema da Gestão de PCs ..........................................11 2.4.1 Revendo a Concepção do PC ...............................................................................11 2.4.2 Thin clients e Network computers.........................................................................12 2.4.3 Os contributos da Distributed Management Task Force ....................................14 2.5 Conclusão......................................................................................................................14 3. Balanced Computing Platform..........................................................................................17 3.1 Trabalho Prévio: o Projecto OpenDMS.....................................................................18 3.1.1 Objectivos ..............................................................................................................18 3.1.2 Gestão PreOS e Neutralidade de Plataformas ...................................................19 3.1.3 A arquitectura OpenDMS....................................................................................21 3.1.4 Os Thin Clients na Perspectiva da Arquitectura OpenDMS ............................23 3.1.5 A Solução OpenDMS em Funcionamento ..........................................................24 3.2 Balanço do Projecto OpenDMS ..................................................................................26 3.2.1 Agentes de Gestão runtime...................................................................................26 3.2.2 Mecanismos PreOS ou OS-absent .......................................................................27 3.2.3 Thin Clients............................................................................................................29 3.2.4 Mecanismos de Diagnóstico, Recuperação e Resiliência ...................................30 3.2.5 Interoperabilidade entre Plataformas ................................................................31 3.2.6 Conclusão...............................................................................................................32 3.3 Um Novo Paradigma:
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