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Botanical Impact Assessment for the Proposed Residential Development at Rocky Coast Farm (Portions 78 and 79 of the Farm Ongegund Vryheid No

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Botanical Impact Assessment for the Proposed Residential Development at Rocky Coast Farm (Portions 78 and 79 of the Farm Ongegund Vryheid No Appendix D(iv): Botanical Specialist Assessment Botanical Impact Assessment for the proposed residential development at Rocky Coast Farm (Portions 78 and 79 of the Farm Ongegund Vryheid No. 746), Cape St Francis, Kouga Municipality Report prepared by: Dr B. Adriaan Grobler PO Box 32289, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth, 6019 Report prepared for: Public Process Consultants 120 Diaz Street, Adcockvale, Port Elizabeth, 6001 Report v. 2.0 | 2 September 2019 214 Table of Contents Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 216 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 217 2 Study Area ............................................................................................................................. 217 3 Terms of Reference ............................................................................................................... 218 4 Methodology and Limitations ............................................................................................... 221 5 Regional Context ................................................................................................................... 222 5.1 Biogeography ................................................................................................................. 222 5.2 Conservation Planning ................................................................................................... 223 5.2.1 Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan ......................................................... 223 5.2.2 Garden Route Biodiversity Sector Plan................................................................... 223 6 Vegetation Patterns .............................................................................................................. 226 6.1 General Patterns ............................................................................................................ 226 6.2 Local Scale Patterns ....................................................................................................... 228 6.2.1 Littoral vegetation .................................................................................................. 230 6.2.2 Strandveld .............................................................................................................. 232 6.2.3 Dune forest–thicket ............................................................................................... 236 6.2.4 Dune slack seep ...................................................................................................... 238 6.2.5 Calcarenite ridges ................................................................................................... 239 6.2.6 Degraded strandveld .............................................................................................. 240 7 Botanical Conservation Value ................................................................................................ 242 8 Impact Identification and Assessment ................................................................................... 245 8.1 Impact of the No-Go Option .......................................................................................... 245 8.2 Impact of the Construction Phase .................................................................................. 247 8.2.1 Direct Impacts ........................................................................................................ 247 8.2.2 Indirect Impacts ..................................................................................................... 250 8.2.3 Cumulative Impacts................................................................................................ 254 8.3 Impact of the Operational Phase ................................................................................... 255 8.3.1 Direct Impacts ........................................................................................................ 255 8.3.2 Indirect Impacts ..................................................................................................... 256 8.4 Impact of the Decommissioning Phase .......................................................................... 258 9 Conclusion and Recommendations ....................................................................................... 258 10 References ......................................................................................................................... 262 215 Abbreviations CBA(s) Critical Biodiversity Area(s) CCR Core Cape Subregion (of the GCFR) CREW Custodians of Rare and Endangered Wildflowers ECBCP Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan ESA(s) Ecological Support Area(s) GCFR Greater Cape Floristic Region GRBSP Garden Route Biodiversity Sector Plan STEP Subtropical Thicket Ecosystem Planning Project TCC(s) Taxon (Taxa) of Conservation Concern VEGMAP Vegetation map of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland 216 1. Introduction This botanical impact assessment was commissioned to inform the planning and environmental authorisation process for a proposed residential development on a portion of Rocky Coast Farm (Portions 78 and 79 of the Farm Ongegund Vryheid No 746 Humansdorp) near Cape St Francis in the Eastern Cape Province (Figure 1). The proposed development consists of 46 residential units, each with an approximate development footprint of 950 m2, and associated support infrastructure. The proposed development site incorporates nearly 30 ha of land, although the anticipated development footprint is far smaller than this (< 5 ha) (Figure 2). The property is currently zoned as Agriculture Zone 1; the intent is to rezone the proposed development site to Resort Zone II, and to rezone the remainder of the property to Open Space Zone III. It is anticipated that this remaining, undeveloped portion of Rocky Coast Farm will be incorporated as a nature reserve through a biodiversity stewardship agreement with the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency. This report provides an overview of the flora and vegetation that occur on Rocky Coast Farm, with special focus on those areas that may be impacted by the proposed development. The conservation importance of different areas on the property are highlighted, potential environmental impacts of the development are identified and assessed, and recommendations for the mitigation of these impacts are provided. 2. Study Area Rocky Coast Farm is located immediately west of the coastal village of Cape St Francis (Figure 1), and approximately 18 km south of Humansdorp. The property covers about 460 ha and is bisected by the R330 regional road. A small portion (ca. 46 ha) of the property lies to the east of this road, where it borders the Irma Booysen and Air Park nature reserves. The remainder of the property lies to the west of the R330 and is bounded by undeveloped land to the north and west, while in the south, the farm extends to within 100 m of the Indian Ocean shoreline. Here, the property borders a narrow strip of state-owned land that is open to public use. Rocky Coast Farm lies approximately 5.2 km east of the Thyspunt Natural Heritage Site and 1.8 km west of the Rebelsrus Reserve. The proposed development site lies in the south-eastern corner of the property (Figure 1) and covers approximately 30 ha. The total footprint of the proposed development is, however, expected to cover a much smaller area (< 5 ha; Figure 2). The study area most conspicuously consists of coastal dunes comprising Holocene aeolian sands of the Schelmhoek Formation deposited on Pleistocene calcarenites of the Nahoon Formation (both Algoa Group) (Cowling et al. 2019). These sands were deposited when the continental shelf of Agulhas 217 Bank was exposed by a drop in sea level during the Würm glaciation of the late Pleistocene (Dingle and Rogers 1972). Due to its marine origin, the substrate contains numerous shell fragments and is therefore calcareous. The dunes are mostly consolidated and have been stabilised by a perennial cover of vegetation, although some unconsolidated dunes occur to the north of Rocky Coast Farm (Figure 1). The comparatively young aeolian sands and calcarenites overly much older Palaeozoic rocks (Cape Supergroup), including quartzitic sandstones of the Peninsula Formation and sandstones of the Goudini Formation. Further inland, the hard quarzitic sandstones form the Kareedouw mountain range, the ends of which were bevelled by marine planation and now form the rocky headlands of Seal Point and Cape St Francis (Marker 1988) just east of Rocky Coast Farm. The softer sandstones underly the sandy embayment of Seal Bay and its hinterland (Cowling et al. 2019). Within the study area, these Cape Supergroup rocks only crop out along the shoreline where wave action has eroded the overlying aeolian sand. 3. Terms of Reference The terms of reference for this study were as follows: • Determine the botanical importance of the study area in a landscape and regional context from available information. • Describe the vegetation patterns in the study area and note the presence of any plant taxa of conservation concern. • Identify any botanically important or ecologically sensitive areas that may place constraints on the proposed development. • Describe and identify any potential positive and negative impacts on the vegetation in the context of the proposed development in accordance with the National Environmental
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