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The North Pacific Miocene Record of Mytilus (Plicatomytilus), a New Subgenus of Bivalvia

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The North Pacific Miocene Record of Mytilus (Plicatomytilus), a New Subgenus of Bivalvia The North Pacific Miocene Record of Mytilus (Plicatomytilus), a New Subgenus of Bivalvia By RICHARD C. ALLISON and WARREN 0. ADDICOTT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 962 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THOMAS S. KLEPPE, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Allison, Richard C 1935- The North Pacific Miocene record of Mytilus (Plicatomytilus), a new subgenus of Bivalvia. (Geological Survey professional paper; 962) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt. of Doc. no.: 119.16:962 1. Mytilus, Fossil. 2. Paleontology--Miocene. 3. Paleontology--North Pacific region. I. Addicott, Warren O., joint author. 11. Title. 111. Series: United States. Geological Survey. Professional paper; 962. QE812.M94A38 564.11 76-608013 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-02764-0 CONTENTS Page Abstract __--________--------------------------------1 Introduction -_________--______----~------------------1 . Family Mytll~dae 2 Subfamily Mytilinae ______--________----_--------___----__2 GenusMytilus Linne', 1758 ____-___________----------------_---- 2 Subgenus Plicatomytilus Allison and Addicott, n. subgen. ____-____-----------2 Mytilus (Plicatomytilus middendorffi Grewingk, 1850 _________----_------ 3 Mytilus (Plicatomytilus) gratacapi n. sp. __~_________~________----------- 9 Mytilus (Plicatomytilus)n. sp. _-_________________---------------------- 13 Locality register _-__-_-----___------____--_-------_-15 References cited ______----____-------_------------19 Index ___-_______~__~____----------------~------_21 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates follow index] PLATE 1. Mytilus (Plicatomytilus) middendorffi. 2. Mytilus (Plicatomytilus)gratacapi and Mytilus (Plicatomytilus) n. sp. 3. Mytilus (Plicatomytilus) gmtacapi, Mytilus (Plicatomytilus) middendorffi, Mytilus (subgenus?)n. sp., and Mytilus (Mytilus) condoni. Page FIGURE1. Sketch showing comparison of muscle scars of Mytilus (Plicatomytilus) n. subgen. and Mytilus (Mytilusl-_---------------- 3 2. Map showing middle Miocene distribution ofMytilus middendorffi Grewingk _______-_____------------------------6 3. Map showing geographic distribution of Mytilus gratacapi n. sp _--________-________-_---_---------- ------------------ 11 THE NORTH PACIFIC MIOCENE RECORD OF MYTZLUS (PLICATOMYTZL US), A NEW SUBGENUS OF BIVALVIA By RICHARDC. ALLISOS~and ~Z'ARKEN0. ADI)ICOTT' ABSTRACT I Washington,- and the early middle Miocene Kuluven suite of western Kamchatka, U.S.S.R. This previously unrecognized taxon is not, A new subgenus of large plicate fossil mussels of the North however, referable to Plic~tomytilus. Pacific, Mytilus (Plicatomytilus) n. subgen., includes three distinct species, Mytilus (P.) middendorffi Grewingk, 1850, Mytilus (P.) gratacapi n. sp., and Mytilus (P.) n. sp. This extinct subgenus ranged INTRODUCTION from central California to western Kamchatka during the Miocene. The existence of moderately large, heavy-shelled Plicatomytilus is distinguished by strong plications of the shell which deflect the plane of commissure and by the foot retractor muscle plicate mussels in the Tertiary beds of Kodiak and Unga scar which is separated from the posterior byssal retractor and Islands, Alaska, has been recognized since 1850 when posterior adductor muscle scar. I Grewingk described Mytilus middendorffi. Following Mytilus middendorffi occurs in provincial middle Miocene deposits ~rewingk(1850), many authors (Dall and Harris, 1892; of (1) the Narrow Cape Formation, Kodiak Island, Alaska, (2) the Dall, 1896,1904; Gratacap, 1912; Grant and Gale, 1931; upper part of the Astoria Formation, Tillamook County, Oreg., (3) an unnamed formation at Coos Bay, Oreg., (4) the lower (Miocene) part of Slodkevich [=Slodkewitsch], 1938; Hall, 1958; Burk, Diller's (1903) Empire Formation near Cape Blanco, Oreg., (5) the 1965; Addicott, 1967; and MacNeil, 1967) have repeated Sobrante Sandstone near Castro Valley, Calif., (6) the Oursan Grewingk's original records, or they themselves have Sandstone, Alameda County, Calif., (7) the Temblor Formation of assigned these plicate mytilids from Kodiak and many Crittenden (1951), Santa Clara County, Calif., (8) the Sobrante localities on the Alaska Peninsula and Unga to a single Sandstone, Santa Clara County, Calif., (9) the Temblor Formation of Griswold Hills and the Vallecitos, San Benito County, Calif., and (10) species, M. middendorffi. MacNeil, Wolfe, Miller, and the lower Temblor Formation, Patinopecten zone, Kings County, Hopkins (1961) have indicated the correlation of Calif. Mytilus gratacapi occurs on the Alaska Peninsula and at Unga Miocene strata on Kodiak Island, Unga Island, and the Island, Alaska, in provincial middle(?) arid late Miocene deposits of Alaska Peninsula that they assign to their "Mytilus the upper part of the Unga Conglomerate Member of the Bear Lake middendoffi zone." Formation and upward into the overlying middle part of the Bear Lake Formation. Recently, both of us have realized independently that These two species have been lumped under Mytilus middendorffi the plicate mytilids that occur on the Alaska Peninsula Grewingk, but they do not co-occur. Mytilus middendorffi ranges and Unga Island in the Bear Lake Formation are in fact throughout the "Temblor" Stage and from the upper part of the a distinctly different new species, and that this new Saucesian Stage to the Luisian Stage of the microfaunal sequence. species and Mytilus middendoffi belong to a new Much, if not all, of the range zone of Mytilus gratacapi seems to be of late Miocene age. The standard correlation of the Narrow Cape subgenus of Mytilus Linne. This paper therefore: Formation with the Unga Conglomerate Member ("Mytilus midden- (1) describes the new subgenus Plicatomytilus, (2) de- do@ zone" of MacNeil and others) therefore is probably incorrect. scribes the new species Mytilus (Plicatomytilus) Mytilus (Plicatomytilus) n. sp. occurs in the middle and late Miocene gratacapi from the Bear Lake Formation, (3) reviews Kakert and Etolon suites of the "Kavran Series" in western the stratigraphic and paleozoogeographic distributions Kamchatka, U.S.S.R. Both Mytilus (P.) gratacapi and Mytilus (P.) n. sp. appear to have evolved from Mytilus middendorffi Grewingk. of M. (P.1 middendorffi Grewingk and M. (P.)grataca- The heavy plicate shell of Plicatomytilus was probably well adapted pi n. sp., and (4) reviews the reported occurrences of M. to life in high-energy environments in the shallow part of the inner cf. middendorffi [=Mytilus (Plicatomytilus) n. sp. of this sublittoral zone. Mytilus gratacapi may have been especially well paper] in Kamchatka. adapted to heavy wave surge and surf conditions. Addicott is primarily responsible for the sections on Another distinctive mytilid, Mytilus (subgenus?) n. sp., bearing two folds of the shell along the posterodorsal margin, occurs in the early chronologic and zoogeographic significance, and Allison Miocene Pyramid Hill Sand Member of the Jewett Sand, Kern River is primarily responsible for the systematic sections of area, Calif., as well as in the early Miocene Clallam Formation of the paper. All the fossils, those illustrated and the type -------- specimens, have been placed on deposit in the U.S. ' Department of Geology and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99701. National Museum. The fossils were photographed by U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calf 94025. Kenji Sakamoto. We wish to thank Ellen J. Moore and 2 NORTH PACIFIC MIOCENE RECORD OF MYTZLUS (PLZCATOMYTILUS),A NEW SUBGENUS J. Wyatt Durham for their critical reviews of the Grant agd Gale (1931, p. 246) applied the subgeneric manuscript. name Mytiloconcha Conrad, 1862, to several west coast species including Mytilus middendorffi because of their Phylum Mollusca "peculiar heavy terminal hinge." Soot-Ryen (1955, p. Class Bivalvia 29) showed, however, that Mytiloconcha Conrad, 1862, Subclass Pteriomorpha is a junior subjective synonym ofPerna Retzius, 1788. Order Mytiloida Perna Retzius differs from Plicatomytilus in possessing Super f amily Mytilacea a pitted resilial ridge, in lacking an anterior adductor Family Mytilidae muscle, and in having a single elongate anterior byssal Subfamily Mytilinae retractor scar. Perna does, however, have the foot Genus Mytilus Linne, 1758 retractor muscle placed anteriorly, separate from the posterior byssal retractor as in Plicatomytilus. Mytilus Linne, 1758, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, p. 704. Mytilus s.s. (fig. 1B) differs from Plicatomytilus in Type.-By subsequent designation (Gray, 18471, Mytilus edulis Linne, 1758. possessing a pitted resilial ridge, in having an elongate Subgenus Plicatomytilus n. subgen. anterior byssal retractor muscle scar or scars, and in Type.-Mytilus middendorffi Grewingk, 1850. having the posterior retractor muscles coalescent. The Description.-Shell moderate to large, heavy, anterior adductor ofPlicatomytilus is generally similar mytiliform; beaks terminal; lunule grooved and some- to that of the type species of Mytilus, M. edulis LinnB, times incurved, forms two large teeth and several 1758, but may be longer and narrower. smaller ones; margins smooth; shell surface smooth, Crenomytilus Soot-Ryen, 1955, differs from marked only by concentric growth lines and irregular Plicatomytilus in possessing crenulate shell margins, in undulations of growth; shell strongly plicate toward having an obliquely
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