Of Innovation the Story of the X-48 Program Is One of Discovery—And Ideas Taking ﬂight

Frontierswww.boeing.com/frontiers DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 / Volume XI, Issue VIII

Wing of innovation The story of the X-48 program is one of discovery—and ideas taking ﬂight

PB BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 1 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 Ad watch On the Cover The stories behind the ads in this issue of Frontiers.

Inside cover: This ad was developed to run in the Middle East, a key market for the Boeing 777 jetliner with more operating there than in any other region in the world.

Page 6: Highlighting the combined capabilities of Boeing’s Super Hornet and Growler military aircraft, this ad is running in U.S. trade and congressional publications.

Pages 10–11:

This is the first ad in a new campaign, “Partners Across Generations,” celebrating the relationship between Boeing and China’s aviation industry. Translation: The memorable glamour of [Shanghai’s famous] Bund over time as a Boeing flies over. For over 40 years, Boeing has been supporting the development of the Chinese aviation industry. Boeing is proud of every achievement in this partnership, which transcends time.

Pages 14–15:

“Enduring Force,” featuring the V-22 tilt-rotor aircraft, focuses on Boeing’s military aircraft expertise. It is one of several ads in a Boeing Defense, Space & Security campaign highlighting the capabilities Boeing brings to 20 its customers. The ads are running in print and online The right blend business, political and trade publications. On a dry lake bed in the high desert of California at NASA’s Dryden Flight Research Center, Boeing and NASA are testing an unusual-looking aircraft. Called Back cover: the Blended Wing Body, its design lies somewhere This is the first of two new ads between a flying wing and a traditional tube-and- featuring the “Endless Possibilities” wing airplane. Although Boeing has no plans to theme, developed to celebrate develop a Blended Wing Body commercial airplane, a new high in the partnership valuable knowledge has been gained in more than between India and Boeing with 100 test flights of two different versions. the recent induction of the 787 COVER IMAGE: SPECIAL LIGHTING HIGHLIGHTS THE X-48C TEST AIRCRAFT’S Dreamliner into Air India’s fleet. UNIQUE DESIGN IN THIS NIGHT SHOT AT NASA’S DRYDEN FLIGHT RESEARCH Print and digital advertising ran during October in CENTER AT EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE, CALIF. BOB FERGUSON/BOEING publications such as the Times of India, Economic PHOTO: SOON AFTER SUNRISE, THE X-48C TEAM PREPARES THE AIRCRAFT Times and India Today. FOR ANOTHER TEST FLIGHT AT THE DRYDEN SITE. BOB FERGUSON/BOEING

FSC LOGO BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 3 Frontiers Publisher: Tom Downey Editorial director: Anne Toulouse EDITORIAL TEAM Executive editor: Paul Proctor: 312-544-2938 Editor: James Wallace: 312-544-2161 table of contents Managing editor: Vineta Plume: 312-544-2954 Historical Graphic designers: Brandon Luong: 312-544-2118 12 Cass Weaver: 480-216-4539 Perspective Photo director: Harry S. Gann joined Boeing heritage Bob Ferguson: 312-544-2132 company Douglas Aircraft in 1954 as an Commercial Airplanes editor: engineer, but he would become best-known Don Smith: 206-766-1329 for his aircraft photography. Gann’s pictures Defense, Space & Security editor: of the U.S. Navy’s Blue Angels and various Diane Stratman: 562-797-1443 Douglas-built aircraft can be found in Engineering, Operations & Technology countless aviation books and magazines. editor: For taking such great aerial shots, Gann Junu Kim: 312-544-2939 was named an honorary Blue Angel by the Human Resources and Administration precision flying team.PHOTO: BOEING ARCHIVES editor: Geoff Potter: 312-544-2946 Shared Services Group editor: Beriah Osorio: 425-577-4157 Cyber safe Staff writer: At a newly opened lab in Huntington Eric Fetters-Walp: 425-266-5871 Beach, Calif., Boeing and its customers ONLINE PRODUCTION are running war-game scenarios to Web manager: help develop defenses to a growing Wendy Manning: 312-544-2936 global threat—cyberattacks. It’s the kind Web designer: of innovation that’s building a global Michael Craddock: 312-544-2931 reputation for Boeing’s cutting-edge Web developers: Information Security Solutions business. Lynn Hesby: 312-544-2934 PHOTO: SHUTTERSTOCK Keith Ward: 312-544-2935 Information technology consultant: Tina Skelley: 312-544-2323 18 HOW TO CONTACT US: E-mail: [email protected] Mailing address: Testing the Boeing Frontiers MC: 5003-0983 30 100 N. Riverside Plaza future Chicago, IL 60606 At Boeing in Philadelphia, work is under Phone: way on a new test stand for the site’s 312-544-2954 large wind tunnel so it can test innovative Fax: rotorcraft blades. It’s one of many examples 312-544-2078 of how Boeing Test & Evaluation laboratory Web address: test teams are called upon to prepare www.boeing.com/frontiers plans and equipment to test the next Send all retiree address changes to Boeing Frontiers, MC 3T-12 big thing—even if it doesn’t exist yet. P.O. Box 3707 PHOTO: FRED TROILO/BOEING Seattle, WA 98124-2207 Postmaster: Send address corrections to Boeing Frontiers, MC 3T-12 P.O. Box 3707, Seattle, WA 98124-2207 (Present addressees, include label)

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 5 table of contents INSIDE

36 07 Leadership Message Fuel for growth Great ideas enable innovation and bolster Boeing’s competitiveness. Boeing has built more than 1,000 commercial 767 jetliners at its Everett, Wash., plant. Now it’s preparing for a new 767 version to move down the assembly line: the KC-46A But where do they come from? tanker ordered by the U.S. Air Force. Commercial Airplanes and Defense, Space & They come from engaged employees Security employees have teamed as “One Boeing” to develop and build the tanker. who work in a collaborative PHOTO: BOB FERGUSON/BOEING environment and are empowered to tackle technical challenges, says John Tracy, Boeing’s chief technology officer and senior vice president, Engineering, Operations & Technology.

08 Snapshot/Quotables

09 Why We’re Here

45 Milestones

50 In Focus

Partners and 32 friends When President Richard Nixon landed in Beijing 40 years ago in Air Force One, a Boeing 707, the historic visit opened the door for Boeing in China. From a first order for 10 707 jetliners, the relationship has grown into an important partnership with the world’s most populous nation and second-largest economy. PHOTO: YONG HE

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 5 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 7 Leadership Message Great ideas come from you We’re all involved in building a stronger and more competitive Boeing John Tracy Chief technology officer Senior vice president, Engineering, Operations & Technology

alk through our facilities and tackle technical challenges. colleagues, teams and experts around you’ll see talented, dedicated Thanks to the innovations we develop, the company to make the most of Boeing’s Wpeople going about the business which reflect our ability to find the inter- collective knowledge and improve efficiency. of researching, designing, building and section of technology breakthroughs and As we work hard to replicate our successes testing the world’s best airplanes, defense customer needs, our world is a better and achievements across the enterprise, systems and spacecraft. Through their place. Our commercial airplanes continue know that our teammates can use our work, Boeing continues to efficiently to set standards in safety, capability, company’s know-how to do their work produce high-quality, highly capable reliability, and economic and environmental more efficiently. products. In fact, through the first three performance. Our satellites support instan- Of course, if an idea is great, the quarters of 2012, Boeing employees taneous communications across oceans execution of it also has to be outstanding. delivered 436 commercial airplanes along and between continents. And our defense The ability to apply technical expertise with 110 military aircraft of different types products enable warfighters to defend from anywhere and everywhere within and nine satellites. Boeing ensures we will deliver the value With all these aircraft and spacecraft “We all play a role inherent in our great ideas—and help around us, one might think the concept of Boeing grow and be more productive. powered flight has become mundane. But in making Boeing We all play a role in making Boeing it never gets old. The thought of machines a stronger, more competitive company, that fly still captivates the imagination of a stronger, more whose stellar future complements its people even after more than 100 years storied past. Our future rests upon the of powered flight. competitive ideas we collectively generate to improve Products mentioned in this edition company, whose the products and services we create, as of Frontiers, such as the X-48C Blended well as the ways we create them, so that Wing Body demonstrator aircraft, the stellar future we continue to delight our customers. 787 Dreamliner and the KC-46A refueling They will greatly appreciate it, and this tanker, demonstrate how great ideas matter: complements its will ensure our company’s success for Great ideas enable innovation because decades to come. n they demonstrate the vision, foresight and storied past.” PHOTO: BOB FERGUSON/BOEING will to shape the future. By developing and executing on great ideas, we bolster freedom by giving them the tools to Boeing’s competitiveness, strengthen successfully execute their missions our stature as a leader in aerospace and and return safely. technology, and continue to improve the Great ideas lead to improvements lives of people worldwide. in not only what we create but how we Where do ideas come from? Great create it. So it’s vitally important that we ideas come from engaged employees continue to take the initiative to streamline who work in a collaborative, inclusive processes, reduce costs and cycle time, environment and who are empowered and improve quality. In “One Boeing” to apply their own perspectives to fashion, collaborate with the right

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 7 Snapshot

DREAM LINE: Three 787s are shown on the production line in the Everett, Wash., factory last month. Boeing employees in Everett and in North Charleston, S.C., now are producing Dreamliners at a rate of five per month. The program is on track to achieve a planned 10-per-month rate by late 2013. PHOTO: GAIL HANUSA/BOEING

Quotables “What I’ve seen so far is passionate people who want to deliver a jet to the warfighter.” – Maj. Gen. John Thompson, Air Force Tanker Program executive officer and KC-46 program director. See story on Page 36 for more on Boeing’s 767 tanker program.

“It was a very quiet cabin. The quietness really stood out for me.” – A passenger on the inaugural flight from Houston to Chicago of United Airline’s 787 Dreamliner.Chicago Tribune, Nov. 5.

8 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 9 Why We’re Here

For this employee, the goal is helping foster an open and Fair play respectful workplace By Geoff Potter

Donnis McPhaul is a Global Diversity & Employee Rights office receives a complaint from the affected individual or a witness, specialist who conducts Equal Employment Opportunity manager, or HR or Ethics representative. If the behavior is a potential investigations at various Boeing sites. In this Frontiers series violation of our Equal Employment Opportunity policies, I conduct a that profiles employees discussing their jobs, McPhaul explains confidential investigation as promptly as possible. That may involve how Boeing provides safeguards for employees as it strives interviewing witnesses, analyzing data, collecting forensic evidence to create and maintain a fair and respectful workplace. and, finally, documenting the findings establishing whether the PHOTO: RON WILLIAMS/BOEING behavior violated our policies. qual Employment Opportunity is all about fairness. Less than half of complaints are substantiated. But when they That’s what makes my job so rewarding—giving employ- are, corrective action or other appropriate steps are taken, such Eees a way to help ensure the workplace atmosphere offers as requiring specific training for the person exhibiting inappropriate everyone at Boeing a chance to contribute their best without being behavior. Our goal is to address that behavior and prevent it from distracted or impeded by harassment or discrimination. happening again. I also follow up afterward to make sure the Outside of work, I enjoy watching thrillers and detective movies. behavior has been corrected and there’s been no retaliation. My Boeing job is a little like being a detective. I have to put all the Boeing has employed me for more than 32 years in a variety pieces together to see the big picture. of jobs, most of them in Human Resources. I have a passion for Part of my role is to help employees understand that certain learning. And I’m the type of individual who sets goals and works behaviors—harassment, for example, or even gossip when it’s hard to achieve them. Through the Learning Together program, related to someone’s gender, race, religion or age—are simply I’ve earned a Ph.D. in Organization and Management, with a unacceptable in the Boeing workplace. We also want employees specialization in HR Management. who believe they’ve been discriminated against or harassed to I’m a big believer in responsibility. I believe everyone at Boeing raise their hand and report it. is responsible for fostering a productive workplace and treating Here’s how the investigation process works. others with respect, dignity and trust. And I feel proud that the Imagine that someone is sending emails with racially derogatory work I do helps advance that goal. n jokes or making unwanted sexual advances to a co-worker. Our [email protected]

8 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 9

Historical Perspective

DEPTH OF FIELD Harry Gann joined Douglas as an engineer, but he gained fame for his aviation photos By Pat McGinnis

12 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 “What better could you ask than to get paid for doing what you love?” – Harry Gann

PHOTOS: (Clockwise from far top left) Blue Angels flying the Delta formation.HARRY GANN Harry S. Gann. BOEING ARCHIVES Photo taken from the aft cockpit of Blue Angel No. 7, a two- seat TA-4J Skyhawk; two specially marked F-4J Phantoms—the aircraft in the foreground is shown in a special bicentennial paint scheme to celebrate the 200th birthday of the United States; Blue Angel A-4Fs taxiing out for an air show. HARRY GANN

hether in the back seat of an not stop Gann from earning a degree in flying the highly maneuverable Douglas A-4 Skyhawk flying inverted mechanical engineering from the University A-4 Skyhawk, which the team flew from Wor standing on the tarmac at of Southern California. 1974 until switching to Boeing’s F/A-18 an air show, if there were aircraft around, In college he co-authored a book on Hornet in 1986. Harry S. Gann was taking pictures. air racing. It would not be his last book. In 1979, Gann was named an Honorary Author, aviation historian and Douglas Gann worked for several small aviation Blue Angel. Aircraft engineer, Gann also was a master companies before landing a job at North His pictures of the Blue Angels, as aerial photographer. He did it so well the American Aviation. In 1954, he moved to well as other Navy, Marine and Air Force U.S. Navy’s crack aerial demonstration Douglas Aircraft, in El Segundo, Calif., aircraft, can be found in countless aviation team, the Blue Angels, made him an where he worked as a designer on control books, magazines and periodicals. honorary member, and the U.S. Marines surfaces for the A4D Skyhawk, A3D Sky- Gann retired from what was then made him an honorary Marine aviator. warrior, F4D Skyray and F5D Skylancer. McDonnell Douglas in September 1992. Along the way, Gann documented and In 1964, after having worked for Douglas Five years later, Adm. Jay Johnson, then helped preserve both Douglas and aviation for 10 years as a designer, his career path chief of U.S. Naval Operations, designated history with his air-to-air photography and took a new focus. Douglas management the famed photographer as Honorary Naval by collecting and preserving important had discovered his interest in and knowl- Aviator No. 24. Gann joined two Douglas documents, artifacts and data for this edge of aviation history and photography, colleagues, Ed Heinemann and R.G. Smith, Boeing heritage company. and Gann’s talents were put to another who had been similarly honored by the Navy. “What better could you ask than to use. The company tasked him to research Smith was a widely regarded aviation artist. get paid for doing what you love?” Gann and provide intelligence on competitive Heinemann designed the A-4 and many once asked. products for Douglas sales groups, both other Douglas combat aircraft. (See stories And he loved taking pictures—of military and commercial. in the October 2010 and January 2012 airplanes. Gann’s personal collection of more issues of Frontiers.) Growing up in Phoenix, Gann spent than 15,000 photo negatives, design Gann died in October 2000 at his home weekends visiting local airports photo- details, performance records and other in Huntington Beach, Calif. Three Navy graphing aircraft. He began collecting aviation statistics led to the establishment F/A-18s flew a missing-man formation and trading photographs, negatives, of a formal Douglas archive. In 1989, he over Riverside National Cemetery during magazines, books and other aircraft data. was named company historian. his memorial service. n During World War II, he served in In addition to his duties at Douglas, [email protected] the U.S. Army and was badly wounded Gann had a long association with the by a land mine during the Battle of the Navy’s Blue Angels and became the Bulge in Europe. Although his injuries team’s unofficial photographer. Many required postwar rehabilitation, they did of his photos featured the Blue Angels

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 13

Splash of genius Huntington Beach site finds ‘cool’ use for treated groundwater By Patrick Summers and photos by Paul Pinner

n innovative use of treated ground- the facility is a double win for the environ- Boeing environmental experts worked water to cool buildings at Boeing’s ment,” Netherwood said. with state officials to design a remediation A Huntington Beach, Calif., site is The cooling tower uses 90,000 gallons plan. Wiley said the site uses several helping the environment, saving the com- (340,700 liters) of water a day in warmer remediation methods, depending on the pany money and earning praise from state weather. chemicals being treated. State permits officials for Boeing’s remediation program. “That’s a lot of water we no longer have allow the treated groundwater to be “Water is a very valuable resource, to buy from the local utility,” said Dean Hill, discharged into storm drains or the especially in an arid, drought-prone region mechanical engineering project manager municipal sanitary sewer. like ours,” said Jennifer Wiley, geologist in Shared Services Group’s Site Services Extraction wells along the property’s and remediation project manager in Envi- organization. The water savings is equiva- southern boundary capture contaminated ronment, Health and Safety in Huntington lent to the average daily amount of water groundwater and pull it back on-site for Beach. “Being proactive and finding new used by 225 families, he said. treatment. Other extraction wells prevent ways to reuse water and conserve resources Hill estimates the reused treated water further chemical migration and will shrink makes sense for the environment and could cut the site’s use of municipal water the contamination’s footprint over time. our business.” by up to half. “This project is a unique solution to a Wiley and a team of engineers and “We’re not just helping the company; complex problem,” Shestag said. “It’s an remediation experts saw an opportunity we’re also helping the local water district excellent demonstration of Boeing’s com- to use treated groundwater from a site meet its conservation goals,” said Steve mitment to environmental stewardship.” remediation project that otherwise would Shestag, Boeing’s remediation leader. “State Teresa Howe, director of Environment, have been discharged into a storm drain. officials are sharing our ideas on remedia- Health and Safety, noted that close collabo- The plan to use the treated groundwater tion and water use with other industries in ration among remediation, environmental on-site started taking shape as project the area as an example of how they can and engineering teams was the key to the engineers were installing the remediation reduce their environmental footprint.” project’s success. project infrastructure, which included Groundwater contamination was “We had all of our knowledge and exper- digging trenches and installing pipe. discovered at the Huntington Beach site tise working together on a common purpose,” “Since a half-mile of trenches already after the removal of an underground tank she said. “And wow, look at the result.” n was excavated and open,” explained used in the past for storing industrial [email protected] environmental engineer John Netherwood, cleaning solvents and other chemicals. “I thought for the cost of some extra pipe Test wells revealed that volatile organic PHOTOS: (Clockwise from top left) we could divert the treated water up to compounds had seeped into groundwater Laboratory tests determine the presence the cooling tower and the system that in a limited section of the property and and type of possible groundwater cools the buildings.” migrated a short distance beyond the contamination; an on-site cooling tower uses treated groundwater to help cool the Site leadership approved the plan site’s southern boundary. site’s buildings; Jennifer Wiley, geologist and the facility began using the treated As part of its commitment to clean and remediation project manager, leads water this fall. “Using the water here at up property affected by past operations, the groundwater cleanup effort.

16 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 “Being proactive and finding new ways to reuse water and conserve resources makes sense for the environment and our business.”

– Jennifer Wiley, geologist and remediation project manager, Environment, Health and Safety, Huntington Beach, Calif.

16 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 17 This type of scenario is similar to dozens run every week at the newly opened Boeing Information Security Innovation Lab in Huntington Beach, Calif., where the town’s mellow beach culture belies the full-scale computer-based battles playing out in the virtual world inside the lab. The lab itself isn’t much to look at: a GAME room full of desktop computers connected Huntington Beach lab to several racks of servers in a back area. tests scenarios to But here, engineers can create realistic help defend against multiple-layer virtual networks in computer “cyberspace” to help them develop cyber cyberattacks operations. Customers run red team versus BY DAVE GARLICK blue team, or attacker versus defender, scenarios to test their organization’s ONo one, other than top military commanders, knows much about the nondescript network infrastructure and operator skills building surrounded only by yucca plants and cactuses in the middle of Utah’s and to find ways to harden their networks NGreat Basin Desert. and data centers against attack. Guarding the concrete power-generating facility is, for the most part, uneventful. “We’re providing solutions to help Cameras are everywhere: wide-angle wall cams; a robotic camera trundling along customers gain the advantage against its programmed routes between gates and around buildings; scores of outside eyes the growing cyberthreat,” said Per Beith, monitoring the building’s perimeter. director of Information Security Solutions. Then it happens. An explosion rocks the building. The sounds of gunfire echo off walls. In the above-described scenario, the Boots pound up the stairwell leading to the control room monitored by one armed guard. bad guys broke into the network, took Static alerts crackle from his two-way radio. As alarms wail, the guard’s eyes scan a bank control of several key cameras and of computers when he suddenly realizes what has happened. The cameras monitoring the inserted false video imagery. They used east gate have been hacked, their electronic control systems and signal tampered with. that opening to slip in under the defenses Luckily, there’s the reset button. No buildings were blown up, no lives were lost. and raid the facility.

18 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 But the threat from cyberattacks is no Boeing network 24 hours a day, 365 days a Cyber innovation is quickly adding to game. It’s happening on a global scale. year,” said Kevin P. Meehan, vice president Boeing’s cutting-edge Information Security In a recent speech, U.S. Defense and chief information security officer. Solutions business. The Huntington Beach Secretary Leon Panetta warned that the The Huntington Beach team can provide team won its first cyber contract in 2008 country is increasingly vulnerable to com- real-time data about a customer’s networks and has since added six new customers puter hackers who could dismantle such and alternatives during cyberattacks or with more in the pipeline, including inter- infrastructure as power grids, transporta- other disasters, allowing the customer to national customers. tion systems and financial institutions. practice fighting through them, explained “Many of Boeing’s customers are cyber- He said the U.S. faced the possibility Richard Wada, Boeing’s Information Secu- savvy and see Boeing not as a vendor but of a “cyber–Pearl Harbor.” rity Solutions chief engineer. as a partner to help them come up with “An aggressor nation or extremist group “After mastering the scenario, our the right solutions,” Beith said. could use these kinds of cyber tools to gain customers are prepared to win real battles “Boeing has the right resources, the control of critical switches,” Panetta said. in the real world and find solutions to ever- right people and the right facilities, like the “They could derail passenger trains or, even increasing and sophisticated cybersecurity Information Security Innovation Lab, to more dangerous, derail passenger trains threats,” Wada said. help customers deal with one of their most loaded with lethal chemicals. They could Specialized equipment like Cyber-Range- serious challenges today—protecting their contaminate the water supply in major In-A-Box (CRIAB), with its ability to re-create networks against attacks.” n cities, or shut down the power grid across large-scale cyber warfare in a controlled [email protected] large parts of the country.” environment, also plays a key role at the lab. Other nations face a similar threat. This mini-refrigerator-sized rack of equip- PHOTO ILLUSTRATION: From far left, Providing customers with solutions ment can emulate hundreds of computers. Rich Wada, Information Security Solutions’ to prevent cyberattacks is a top focus “We helped one of our customers chief engineer, focuses on creating for Boeing. Its state-of-the-art Cyber simulate their own computer network in innovative cyber solutions for customers; Engagement Center in Maryland is already CRIAB so they could test it for vulnerabili- Randy Siegel, cyber test and evaluation lead, creates operational scenarios tackling these challenges, in partnership ties,” said Randy Siegel, cyber test and to test people and systems; Per Beith, with Information Technology’s Cyber evaluation lead for the lab. “They used a director of Information Security Solutions, Security Monitoring & Response team. good-guy-bad-guy scenario to pinpoint, guides the team in this expanding “The team at the Cyber Engagement and ultimately resolve, weaknesses in domestic and international business. BRANDON LUONG/BOEING; WADA AND BEITH PHOTOS: Center is fighting this fight to protect the their defensive systems.” PAUL PINNER/BOEING; SIEGEL PHOTO: FRED TROILO/BOEING

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 19 Shaping the future A dedicated team advances development of the Blended Wing Body concept By Bill Seil and photos by Bob Ferguson

ob Liebeck has always been fascinated by wings. His doctoral thesis was “Optimization of Airfoils for Maximum Lift.” BDuring the Cold War, he designed wings for secret high-altitude airplanes. As a consultant, he has designed wings that boosted performance for racing cars that won Indianapolis 500 and Formula 1 races. He even designed the keel section for the yacht that won the America’s Cup in 1991. Since 1989, much of Liebeck’s time has been devoted to an innovative concept called the Blended Wing Body, an airplane design that lies somewhere between a traditional “tube-and-wing” airplane and a flying wing. Boeing and NASA since 2007 have been conducting flight tests of two unmanned Blended Wing Body prototype airplane designs—the X-48B and X-48C—at NASA’s Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base in California. The results of the research, undertaken to benefit the aerospace industry as a whole, have been widely disseminated. While Boeing has no plans to develop a Blended Wing Body commercial airplane, knowledge gained from these tests will be used to evaluate the potential for future military aircraft. Liebeck, a Senior Technical Fellow in Boeing Research & Technology, now is the company’s chief scientist for Blended Wing Body research. The veteran engineer has won a number of industry awards, including the General Charles E. Yeager Award for Aeronautical Innovation and the Daniel Guggenheim Medal. In addition to his work PHOTOS: (Above) Members of the X-48C at Boeing, he is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the team prepare the aircraft for a test flight University of California at Irvine. from the dry lake bed at NASA’s Dryden He noted that the X-48B made 92 test flights and produced invaluable data. Flight Research Center at Edwards Air “The challenge was to test the flight mechanics of the Blended Wing Body concept Force Base, Calif. From left, Dave Weston, and prove we could maintain stability and control,” Liebeck said. “We thoroughly X-48C safety officer, Phantom Works; Jonathan Vass, X-48C test conductor, addressed these issues with the X-48B and got excellent results.” Boeing Research & Technology; and Ted Testing of the X-48C, which began in August, already is off to a good start. While Rothaupt, X-48C test director, Boeing Re- the X-48B had three engines mounted on top and to the rear of the airplane, the X-48C search & Technology. (Insets, from left) has two engines. The most critical change was removing winglets located on the tips of A decal commemorates the 50th flight, the wings and replacing them with inboard vertical structures near the engines. Tests which occurred with the earlier X-48B model, in April 2009; the X-48C, ready for of the X-48C will determine which configuration is best. another test flight at the Dryden; one of the “We didn’t put the engines on top of the airplane to reduce noise; we had other two X-48C engine nacelles. BOB FERGUSON/BOEING

20 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 Shaping

“Everybody wants to work on the newest, coolest thing. ... It’s a very small team doing some very, very extraordinary work.” – Mike Kisska, X-48 project manager

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 21 “A lot of very smart people have improved on the design over the years. It’s been a diverse team of people who have openly exchanged ideas and challenged one another.” – Blaine Rawdon, co-creator of the Blended Wing Body concept

reasons for doing that,” Liebeck said. “But have been closely associated with the program, having wanted to work on when we tested it in this configuration, we program. Most engineers working on the Blended Wing Body development since found, lo and behold, it was quieter.” Blended Wing Body are also involved he was a graduate student at Virginia Well over 100 employees have in other projects. Tech. He said employees working on the participated in the Blended Wing Body Mike Kisska, who has served as program often have stepped forward to program since it began at Boeing heritage Boeing project manager for both the volunteer, since “everybody wants to company McDonnell Douglas more X-48B and X-48C, is responsible for work on the newest, coolest thing.” than two decades ago. The team has ensuring that flight tests at NASA Dryden Kisska said the Blended Wing Body ranged in size from 10 to 20 people and engineering work at Huntington team is highly dedicated, with a strong over the years, though there have been Beach, Calif., all come together. Kisska, attachment to the program that keeps times when as many as 40 people 42, is delighted by his role in the them fully engaged.

22 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 “It’s a very small team doing some year 2025, a generation away, when PHOTOS: (Clockwise from far left) very, very extraordinary work,” Kisska said. such an airplane might be built. Ted Rothaupt, left, X-48C test director, “Some of the people working on flight test Two of the challenges Boeing and and Jonathan Vass, X-48C test conductor, prepare the aircraft for a test flight at the at Dryden have been living out of hotel NASA engineers addressed included Dryden Flight Research Center in California. rooms for six or more years. You have developing low-speed flight controls for BOB FERGUSON/BOEING The X-48C takes off on to love what you’re doing to make that the airplane and finding a strong, light- its first flight, Aug. 7, 2012; the X-48B on sort of personal sacrifice.” weight material for its structure, Collier an early test flight near the Dryden Flight Two X-48 airplanes, built by Cranfield said. The flight controls issue was largely Research Center. NASA Aerospace in the United Kingdom, will resolved during X-48B testing. For the likely be the last unmanned prototypes airplane’s structure, researchers looked flown. Liebeck is hopeful the next tests to a Boeing-developed composite will be of a manned demonstrator manufacturing process called Pultruded military aircraft. Rod Stitched Efficient Unitized Structure, Fay Collier, NASA’s project manager or PRSEUS. for the Environmentally Responsible “NASA and Boeing have maintained Aviation Project, said NASA has long a very good relationship throughout maintained an interest in the technology this program,” Collier said. “We believe due to its promising potential—projecting we have made some groundbreaking ahead to technological advances by the progress that will be broadly applicable

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 23 24 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 “One of the strengths of the program is the trust they have in people to do their job.” – Jonathan Vass, X-48C test conductor, Boeing Research & Technology

in the industry.” Not long afterward, NASA offered a “A lot of very smart people have improved The idea of Blended Wing Body air- $90,000 study contract to compare the on the design over the years. It’s been a planes is an offshoot of a popular concept Blended Wing Body concept to a tube- diverse team of people who have openly called the flying wing. Efforts to develop and-wing concept. “I gladly accepted exchanged ideas and challenged one flying wing airplanes—or “tailless” air- the challenge,” Liebeck said. another. We’ve always had open, direct planes—began in the 1920s and continued Liebeck and two company engineering communication, and that makes it fun.” into World War II and beyond. colleagues—Blaine Rawdon and Mark At the end of the contract period they While flying wings and Blended Wing Page—got to work. Liebeck led the presented their results to NASA, noting Body airplanes are similar in appearance, effort, with expertise in the areas of they had found a strong potential for fuel they have some important differences. aerodynamics and wing design. Rawdon, savings. They were awarded a second “Flying wings, whether they’re swept who is still with the program, specialized $90,000 contract to refine the concept. In or unswept, look a lot like a big plank,” in configuration and preparing conceptual 1994, NASA awarded McDonnell Douglas Liebeck said. But Blended Wing Body drawings. Page, who has since left the a $3 million contract to study the technical airplanes, he added, have a center similar company, had a strong background and commercial feasibility of the concept. to the fuselage of a traditional airplane. in flight mechanics, and stability Liebeck and his team partnered “When we started researching this and control. with NASA Langley Research Center, over 20 years ago, we made some Rawdon, now a Technical Fellow in NASA Lewis Research Center (now the comparisons to traditional tube-and-wing Boeing Research & Technology’s Flight John H. Glenn Research Center), Stanford airplanes that were in service at that time,” Sciences Technology group, said Liebeck University, the University of Southern Liebeck said. “We saw a potential for a was the driving force on the team. Their California, the University of Florida and significant reduction in fuel burn. So we first job was to determine the basics of Clark-Atlanta University. decided that it was worth chasing.” a Blended Wing Body airplane design. One of the greatest challenges in Liebeck and his team are still chasing “My job included real-time drafting designing a commercial Blended Wing that dream—and have high hopes for on the computer, trying to sort out how Body airplane is cabin pressurization, its future. all the pieces could fit together and satisfy Liebeck said. The circular fuselage of a Their journey began in 1989, when the requirements,” Rawdon said. “From NASA held an “aerodynamic renaissance” time to time, Bob and Mark would stand PHOTOS: (Opposite page) Bob Liebeck, conference of aerospace professionals over my shoulder and we’d work various left, chief scientist of the Blended Wing at its Langley Research Center in Hampton, problems. It was all about figuring out Body program, and Dave Weston of Phan- Va. Its purpose was to explore whether what this thing would look like.” tom Works, the program’s safety officer. there were effective alternatives to traditional At that time, the team didn’t realize (Above, from left) An X-48C preflight briefing takes place in a hangar at NASA’s tube-and-wing commercial airplanes. the development program—which has Dryden Flight Research Center; Ian Brooks, Liebeck, then an employee of received limited staffing and funding over an instrumentation technician with Cranfield McDonnell Douglas, presented a paper the years—would still be going strong in Aerospace, which built the X-48 aircraft, at the conference that was on an 2012. But Rawdon said the long evolution works next to one of the engine nacelles; embryonic Blended Wing Body com of the program has had its benefits. two Boeing Research & Technology employees, John Sheen, left, flight controls mercial airplane. He didn’t realize when “Our present concept of a Blended engineer, and Ted Rothaupt, X-48C test he presented it that it would change Wing Body airplane didn’t pop up as a director, download data from the X-48C the course of his career. crystal-clear vision early on,” Rawdon said. following a test flight.BOB FERGUSON/BOEING

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 25 26 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 tube-and-wing airplane naturally handles program advanced to its current state “The reason the structural loads resulting from cabin is our 50-50 partnership with NASA,” Blended Wing pressurization, permitting efficient, light- Liebeck said. “They didn’t limit their weight skin structure. The flatter design support to sending checks. They provided Body program of the Blended Wing Body fuselage, they wind tunnels for testing, along with a lot of thought, might need a stronger structure technical support by NASA engineers.” advanced to its to accommodate pressure loads—and While the Blended Wing Body program current state that could add weight. had the potential to produce better results, “It was getting very complex,” Liebeck research into the new design was far from is our 50-50 said. “Finally, I said, ‘Let’s assume we’ll complete when Boeing Commercial Air- be able to create a flat-sided pressure planes decided to begin a new airplane partnership vessel and keep it at a relatively light program. It was considered not a viable with NASA.” weight.’ If you get cautious and constrain option at that time, said Kouroush Hadi, yourself too early in the design process, director, Airplane Product Development, – Bob Liebeck, chief you’ll be haunted by that decision Commercial Airplanes. scientist, Blended throughout the project.” Commercial Airplanes considered Wing Body program A solution to the cabin pressure several alternatives for the next genera- problem was eventually found through tion of jetliners—including the Sonic the creation of PRSEUS, the innovative, Cruiser—before finally deciding on the lightweight composite material process. 787 Dreamliner, Hadi said. Extensive In July 1997, the test team flew a market research involving both airline remotely piloted subscale Blended Wing customers and passengers clearly Body airplane at El Mirage Dry Lake in pointed toward an advanced tube-and- California. That aircraft, which had a wing design. The 787 concept, with 17-foot (5-meter) wingspan, was designed extensive use of composites, a new and built by Stanford University. The test wing and technologically advanced took place just days before the merger new engines, produced major efficiency of Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. and environmental improvements, while While Boeing Commercial Airplanes also introducing significant passenger had other plans for the next generation experience improvements. It was the PHOTOS: (Above) The X-48C of commercial jetliners, it continued to right choice for a competitive market, undergoes wind tunnel testing at fund Blended Wing Body research. From Hadi said. NASA’s Langley Research Center 1997 to 2003, the program explored As Commercial Airplanes prepared in Virginia in 2009. various concepts for a Blended Wing to offer the 787 Dreamliner to airlines in (Insets, from left) Ian Brooks, instrumentation technician, left, Body airplane, which ranged in size from 2003, it transferred funding responsibility and Alan Stevenson, systems 200 to 500 passengers. The studies were for Blended Wing Body research to what engineer, both with Cranfield limited mainly to computer simulations and was then Boeing Phantom Works—now Aerospace, prepare the X-48C wind tunnel tests, and no flying models Boeing Research & Technology—to focus for a test flight at Dryden; David were built. NASA remained a dependable on its unresolved issues as a commercial Klassman of NASA prepares the X-48C for engine start. partner during this period and beyond. transport. Financial assistance also was BOB FERGUSON/BOEING “The reason the Blended Wing Body provided by Boeing Integrated Defense

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 27 Systems (now Boeing Defense, Space as his teaching assistant. For Liebeck, it is the continuation of & Security). NASA also continued to fund Vass has found the program to be an a journey that began some 20 years ago, the program. exciting opportunity to broaden his skills when he presented that conference paper In 2006, Boeing signed a contract and experience. After starting the program on what was then just an idea, a concept, with the U.S. Air Force Research Labora- running computer code, he was given an that perhaps there are alternatives to the tory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in opportunity to participate in wind tunnel traditional tube-and-wing airplanes. Dayton, Ohio. With the support of NASA, testing at NASA Langley—and then pro- “Boeing and NASA for more than two it funded research to apply Blended Wing cessing some of the wind tunnel data. He decades have been steadfast in exploring Body technology to military transports, then moved on to becoming a flight-test this technology,” Liebeck said. “It will be tankers and bombers. ground control system manager at NASA exciting to see how it develops over the In September 2005, a cooperative Dryden. This opened an opportunity for next 20 years.” n agreement was signed involving Boeing, him to serve as a test conductor, where [email protected] NASA and the Air Force Research Labora- he coordinates multiple activities during tory to conduct the X-48B flight-test pro- flight test. To learn what it’s like to remotely gram. The following year, the two 21-foot “One of the strengths of the program “pilot” the X-48C, view a video at: (6.5-meter) wingspan prototype X-48B test is the trust they have in people to do www.boeing.com/Features/2012/12/ vehicles were built. The Air Force gave the their job,” Vass said. “It’s been very corp_x48ctestpilot_12_07_12.html program the “X” designation based on its challenging, because each of the jobs interest in designing a flexible, long-range, I’ve taken on has required a new skill high-capacity military aircraft using Blended set. Flight test is particularly rewarding, Wing Body technology. because it’s fast-paced and you have The X-48B flew for the first time on the responsibility to get the plane home July 20, 2007, and went on to complete safely. You’re also getting good data that the 92 successful test flights. At the con- will be used by teammates to advance clusion of this program it was converted the program.” to the X-48C configuration. The X-48C The Blended Wing Body research flew for the first time Aug. 7. aircraft recently completed the 100th flight Jonathan Vass, a 32-year-old engineer, since the X-48B model lifted off the dry has served as test conductor for both lake bed for the first time at the NASA the X-48B and X-48C test programs. Dryden center in California’s high desert He joined Boeing in 2005 after getting that July day in 2007. The Boeing-NASA his master’s degree from the University team expected to fly the X-48C approxi- of California, Irvine, where he took mately 20 more times through the end classes from Liebeck and later served of this year.

28 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 “We believe we have made some groundbreaking progress that will be broadly applicable in the industry.” – Fay Collier, NASA project manager for the Environmentally Responsible Aviation Project

PHOTOS: (Above) Members of the X-48C team remove the aircraft from its transport trailer to prepare it for a flight test from the lake bed at NASA’s Dryden Flight Research Center. (Insets, from left) The X-48C ground control station plays a critical role during test flights; the X-48C is housed in a hangar at Dryden; Rod Wyatt, left, crew chief, Boeing Research & Technology, and Ian Brooks, instrumentation technician, Cranfield Aerospace, weigh the X-48C for post-flight data analysis. BOB FERGUSON/BOEING

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 29 Test of imagination Boeing teams must be ready to test what doesn’t yet exist By Jennifer Hawton

30 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 n a small office in Albuquerque, N.M., trying to test that at 2,000 degrees Fahren- Jeff Waitkus, a Boeing Test & Evaluation heit (1,100 Celsius), Frasch said. “What they Iengineer, is busy planning tests—for a The standard fixtures used for these dream, we product that doesn’t yet exist. tests were deforming and oxidizing at the Over the past several years, Directed high temperatures, according to Frasch. must test. Energy Systems and the Boeing Test & So the team had to find new materials to Evaluation team in Albuquerque have been re-create real-world conditions. Metallic And before collaborating to test and enhance new alloys capable of withstanding higher kinds of lasers powered by solid-state temperatures, such as stainless steel, we test it, materials instead of caustic chemicals. were used to fabricate new fixtures. we need to of imagination This has significantly reduced the size of New measurement procedures were a laser needed to create the same power. adopted to reduce test times, which test the test.” The chemical-powered Airborne Laser, reduced the exposure of the test fixture – Jeff Waitkus, Boeing Test & for example, was carried on a 747. Now, to higher temperatures. Evaluation engineer the new laser concepts are intended to be For this St. Louis test team, and flown on small jet fighters or even attached others with Boeing Test & Evaluation, powered rotor blades whose shape can to gun mounts on ships. good communication with product morph and adjust to dynamic conditions. And these new lasers need to be development teams is essential. The Boeing Test & Evaluation team tested—efficiently, precisely and reliably. In Philadelphia, for example, work is now is racing to get the new rotor test “I may not know what’s coming down under way on a new test stand for the stand created, built and tested before the pipeline, but I know we have to be large Boeing wind tunnel there—which the advanced rotor team is ready to prepared to accurately test and evaluate will be used to test new and innovative test their first product in June. whatever our program partners dream up,” rotorcraft blades. “The new test stand,” Grauer said, Waitkus said. “That’s why it’s important “About three years ago, we started “has more power, more data ports and for us to be close with our partners. What seeing a significant increase in requests for adaptability so it can support the next they dream, we must test. And before we proposals and contracts for improving rotor- generations of rotors that Rich’s team test it, we need to test the test.” blade performance,” said Bill Grauer, senior dreams up.” n Laboratory test teams with Boeing Test manager of the wind tunnel. “We knew our [email protected] & Evaluation are often required to antici- current test stand wouldn’t be up to the job.” pate and prepare equipment and plans Grauer talked with Rich Bussom, PHOTOS: (Left) Marty Lecloux, left, wind to test the next new thing. Devising tests Associate Technical Fellow and program tunnel mechanic, and Jim Corrado, wind tunnel early speeds the process of developing manager for Advanced Mobility Systems instrumentation engineer, perform preflight new products and validates the quality in Boeing Defense, Space & Security, and inspection of a rotor test stand. FRED TROILO/ of the innovations in them. together their teams started to focus on BOEING (Below) Lead technician Ray Rose, left, Take the work that’s being done at the future rotorcraft blades. and Technical Fellow Lydell Frasch developed the X-Band waveguide test fixture, shown Material Measurements Lab in St. Louis, Rotor-blade technology has reached the in the St. Louis Material Measurements Lab, which characterizes the interaction of elec- limit of what can be done with fixed shapes, to measure electromagnetic signals in high- tromagnetic signals with various materials. Bussom said. So the team developed temperature environments. RON BOOKOUT/BOEING Because many of Boeing’s products use materials that are exposed to electromagnetic signals, the lab must develop tests to understand how certain materials dampen, amplify or otherwise affect these signals. Lydell Frasch, a Technical Fellow in electromagnetics at the lab, said one of the latest test innovations from the team there involves a new approach to measuring changes to electromagnetic signals that interact with materials in high-temperature environments, such as those on the control surfaces of a wing during very high-speed flight. The lab’s challenge, he explained, was akin to making a call from a mobile phone in an airplane and measuring how the electromagnetic energy changes as it interacts with the cellphone case, the seats and many other things the electromagnetic waves must pass through. Now imagine

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 31 32 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 ‘Old friends’ Boeing and China have forged a strong relationship that goes back 40 years By Eric Fetters-Walp

Aerospace technicians in Shanghai are main- “It’s an incredibly important market to Boeing, taining and repairing Boeing 777s, while far to the and one we’ve had a large share in.” west, workers are building composite rudders for As a market for Boeing’s airplanes, China’s the 787 and wing components for the 747-8. In potential isn’t difficult to see. Not as visible is Beijing, sales representatives meet with potential the growth of Boeing services in China—and customers in Boeing China’s headquarters. the company’s numerous relationships with In a typical day, more than 6,000 people suppliers and partner companies there. are working for Boeing, its joint ventures and China’s role as a supplier for Boeing and subsidiaries across China, a growing presence its heritage companies started shortly after in a nation that represents the world’s second- Boeing sold its first airplanes to Air China. More largest aviation market. It’s also something than 6,000 Boeing jetliners—about 60 percent not envisioned two generations ago. of those operating around the globe—include The historic visit of a U.S. president 40 years significant structural components from Chinese ago, and the subsequent initial order for 10 Boe- manufacturers. That makes Boeing the largest ing 707 jetliners from China’s aviation authority, foreign-based buyer of aerospace equipment opened the door between Boeing and the Chi- and components from China. Among the jetliners nese government. Since then, Chinese airlines for which Chinese aerospace firms are producing have ordered more than 1,000 Boeing jetliners parts are the 787 Dreamliner and 747-8. and are projected to need more than 5,200 new Additionally, Boeing has a stake in several airplanes in the next 20 years. China’s popula- joint ventures that produce such components, tion is four times that of the United States, but including Boeing Tianjin Composites Co., which Chinese airlines still have only one-fourth as makes structures and interior parts used in all many commercial jetliners as U.S. airlines. Boeing commercial airplanes. “It’s the world’s most populous nation, it’s Other joint ventures also are on the rise, the second-largest economy and the fourth- including TAECO in Xiamen, which plays a large largest nation in area,” said Shep Hill, president role in converting used 747 passenger planes of Boeing International and senior vice presi- into freighters. In October 2009, Boeing Shanghai dent of Business Development and Strategy. Aviation Services, a joint venture with Shanghai

GRAPHIC: (Above) Chinese calligraphy for “old friends.” PHOTOS: (Left) A 767 under goes a heavy maintenance check at Boeing Shanghai Aviation Services. (Right) Performing an end-of-lease 737 check and interior upgrade at Boeing Shanghai. YONG HE

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 33 “It’s fair to say Boeing’s an old friend to China. That matters. Boeing’s respected here and the airplanes are admired.” – Marc Allen, president of Boeing China

Airport Authority and China Eastern Airlines, inject new power into Air China,” said with it fond feelings among many, said opened hangar doors to support modifi- the airline’s chairman, Wang Changshun, Boeing’s Ihssane Mounir, vice president cation, maintenance, repair and overhaul noting that Boeing models now constitute of Sales and Marketing for Northeast Asia, services at Shanghai’s Pudong International 60 percent of Air China’s fleet. Commercial Airplanes. Airport. Also in Shanghai, Boeing recently Liu Shaoyong, chairman of China East- But building on that name means expanded its Flight Services business, adding ern Airlines, added that Boeing’s influence Boeing needs to continue building relations an advanced 787 Dreamliner training suite on improving aviation safety in China and keeping promises to customers in and a 747-400 full-flight simulator to the through its training of Chinese aerospace China, he said. training campus’ 757/767 full-flight simulator. workers can’t be underestimated, either. “The best opportunities we have are to “Our presence in China has really taken “Boeing has done a lot of work regarding continue to partner with the airlines and sat- a robust shape the past 10 years,” said China’s air traffic management, executive isfy their growth demands going forward,” Marc Allen, president of Boeing China. development and training for services,” Mounir said. “We have the best products, “It’s fair to say Boeing’s an old friend to said Liu, whose China Eastern Airlines we work closely with them and the govern- China. That matters. Boeing’s respected flies Boeing 737s and has ordered 20 ment agencies, and we continue to look here and the airplanes are admired.” 777-300ERs. “We step to the global arena for better ways to work with them.” n It all began with a high-profile Boeing with the help of Boeing.” [email protected] aircraft touching down in Beijing in Febru- China and Boeing similarly are moving ary 1972. U.S. President Richard Nixon forward with the establishment of Boeing PHOTOS: (Above left) Barry Livingston, traveled there aboard Air Force One—then Research & Technology–China, collabora- center, Boeing Asia Supplier Quality team a Boeing 707—and became the first presi- tion with the Chinese Academy of Sciences leader, works with Chengdu Commercial dent to visit since the People’s Republic of and other Chinese universities, and a new Aircraft Company (CCAC) mechanics mentoring and reviewing workmanship on China was established in 1949. Because joint Boeing-COMAC Aviation Energy 737 doors. (Above center) Boeing’s Russ it was the first Boeing jetliner to land in the Conservation and Emissions Reductions Whitten, left, Manufacturing Integration country, Chinese workers had to specially Technology Center in Beijing, which will Center Satellite Supplier Quality representa- build a compatible portable stairway. research aviation biofuels. tive, reviews workmanship of a 747 spoiler During that visit, Nixon met with Chairman To inspire the next generation in China, with CCAC mechanic Gong Yu Lin, center, and Boeing CCAC site leader David Crane. Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai Boeing sponsors the Soaring with Your YANG WEIHUA (Above right) Engine inspection and issued a joint agreement to improve Dream aerospace education project, which at Boeing Shanghai. YONG HE (Opposite page, diplomacy between the two countries. has involved more than 45,000 elementary from left) Boeing’s Ivan Kwok, Mina Chen Within months, China ordered 10 school students since 2009. This summer, and Chao “Joseph” Zhou. LIU ZHIJIAN 707s for its airlines, opening the market Boeing helped introduce the FIRST—For for Boeing. Air China took delivery of the Inspiration and Recognition of Science and first 707 to arrive in China. The airline has Technology—robotics contest to high school since ordered more than 100 jetliners from students in Beijing. Boeing, including 777-300ERs (Extended Because many people in China Range), 787s and the 747-8. experienced their first flight on a Boeing “Such a fleet expansion will definitely jetliner, the company’s name carries

34 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 Amazing Taking An enduring growth flight reputation

Once, Chinese workers in search of better Mina Chen remembers a time not so long When Chao “Joseph” Zhou joined Boeing’s opportunities moved across the ocean to ago when most people she knew only Beijing-based office in 1998, he stood out the United States. That’s what Ivan Kwok’s dreamed about flying in airplanes. among the field service representatives. family did generations ago. That’s all changed. Beijing is planning to He was the first locally hired employee, But today, Kwok, who was born and raised build another airport designed to handle the only one born and raised in China. in the United States, is helping Boeing build the same number of passengers as New Zhou was well-prepared for the role. His on its experience to prepare for the future York City’s John F. Kennedy International early interest in aviation led him to study in China. The transformation of that nation’s Airport and London’s Heathrow Airport— engineering and flight control at the Beijing aviation industry is evident just in the six combined. University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. years he’s lived there, Kwok said. “As the economy is developing, nowadays After graduation, he worked for the Aviation “Saying there are boundless opportunities it’s very common to travel by air,” said Industry Corporation of China and pursued in China would be an understatement,” Chen, who joined Boeing Research & Tech- a master’s degree in engineering. said Kwok, operations engineering chief nology last year. “And we can find more When he was hired at Boeing, the company for Boeing Tianjin Composite and a China and more Boeing airplanes in China.” was just beginning to step up its presence field operations site leader. He said Boeing Chen works with researchers from univer- and partnership with Chinese firms. Now, is well-respected in China, and the gov- sities and institutes in developing biofuels with scores of locally hired employees in ernment’s efforts to promote aerospace for aviation. She performed similar research China and a greatly expanded business and aviation infrastructure has given the while earning her master’s degree at the there, he sees many more opportunities. industry a particular prestige. Chinese Academy of Sciences before she “There are many things I enjoy about my Kwok joined Boeing 15 years ago and joined Boeing. job,” he said. “But if I had to pick one, served on several assignments throughout “As an environment researcher, I really I would say it’s the fun of working with Asia before settling in China. In addition hope I can have some effect on alternative different people and teams within Boeing— to realizing the opportunities for Boeing, fuel research,” Chen said. “And Boeing- the best teams of professionals you could Kwok said his time spent in China has China provides the platform for me.” ever work with in this industry.” given him insight into his family’s heritage. Chen is also excited about other Boeing Boeing’s reputation, Zhou said, has “You might think I would understand research projects in China, such as in continued to grow in his country as China better than most, but truthfully, I the field of aerospace materials and cabin China’s airlines have stepped up their didn’t fully understand my parents until design. And she is proud of Boeing’s airplane orders. “Boeing carries a big I started working here,” he said. “The corporate citizenship work there. On the name in China,” he said. perspective I had has completely changed, company’s Global Day of Service this past as I am beginning to learn and appreciate summer, she joined Boeing employees everything around me.” around the world who volunteered for community service.

34 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 35 TANKER POWER Next year is critical for the new Air Force tanker, but ‘One Boeing’ teams are fueled and ready By Kymberly Vandlac

t first glance, it seems to be an ergonomic and assembly line challenges ark or some other kind of wooden upfront,” said Allan Kremenich, 767 “We have put Aboat taking shape behind the manufacturing engineer. “That way you walls of an inconspicuous building a few can walk through changes prior to putting processes in blocks from the Everett, Wash., factory them on the assembly line.” where Boeing assembles its twin-aisle Engineers on the tanker program place to ensure commercial jetliners. are using the models to explore and quality and The enormity of what are soon understand everything from wiring and recognized as sections of a full-sized designs to ergonomics and safety, and accuracy the 767 airplane is remarkable. Even more how to best integrate the tanker into so are the materials from which this the 767 production floor. first time—we mock-up is made. “The large-scale models have played It’s a paper, wood, plastic and foam a big part in helping the team identify the are ready and airplane, with a foam cockpit, wood best possible build for our U.S. military switches and paper monitors, and it’s customer,” Kremenich said. excited to begin.” strong enough for a person to stand in. Work being performed at the Tanker As the countdown continues toward Validation Center is but one element – Richard Duncan, 767 airframe team lead assembly of the first KC-46A tanker for the of the “One Boeing” approach on the U.S. Air Force—a next-generation tanker all-important tanker program. Utilizing based on the 767—the mock-ups in the the resources and people of the entire Tanker Validation Center are crucial first company working together toward a steps toward streamlining the assembly common goal was key to Boeing beating process for when production begins next EADS, the parent of Airbus, to win summer. The tanker, known in the factory the Air Force tanker competition in as the 767-2C, will be built on the same 2011. Boeing will build 179 tankers as line in the Everett plant as the rest of replacements for aging KC-135 tankers the 767 family. operated by the Air Force, which now “Modern computer simulations average about 50 years old. serve a purpose, but it is also important Boeing must deliver the first 18 combat- to see, feel and understand all of the ready tankers to the Air Force by the

PHOTOS: (Left) Full-scale models at the Tanker Validation Center are used to help streamline the planned assembly process when KC-46A tanker production begins next summer. (Right) Looking up at the aft fuselage of a 767 commercial jetliner on the Everett, Wash, assembly line. BOB FERGUSON/BOEING

36 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 TANKER POWER

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 37 38 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 39 end of 2017. The One Boeing way of That sense of pride is shared by many “Men and women doing business that helped win the tanker others, including Rob Fink, a 767 manager competition will be critical to the company’s and U.S. Army veteran who recently trans- in uniform success in meeting this and other impor- ferred to the 767 program. deserve the very tant deadlines along the way, including “Working on the tanker,” Fink said, a key program review in 2013. “gives me the opportunity to be a part of best. They are Boeing has merged hundreds of something bigger—to contribute to the employees from Commercial Airplanes men and women in the military today.” counting on us. and Defense, Space & Security—at dozens Pulling together so many people from of sites across the United States—to across the company was not without chal- No matter how develop and build the tanker, which will lenges. The KC-46 tanker team working at be a variant of the 767-200ER (Extended an assembly center in the Seattle suburb big or small Range) commercial jet. of Tukwila is a good example. They build Even though the tanker is a BDS pro- the refueling booms. our job, each gram, about 60 percent of the employees When it was announced last January of us plays an assigned to the program are from Commer- that Boeing’s site in Wichita, Kan., would cial Airplanes, which has built and delivered close, the team started the move to important part.” more than 1,000 767 passenger planes Seattle within a few months. and freighters over the past 30 years. “Getting the assembly center up and – Tom Fisher, 767 wing mechanic “What I’ve seen so far is passionate running quickly was no small task,” said people who want to deliver a jet to the Jerry Lazar, manager of the KC-46 Tanker warfighter and want that jet to be as inex- Finishing Center. pensive as possible, as quality-oriented “For me, after 29 years in Wichita, as possible and as robust as possible,” it was tough to balance the personal said Maj. Gen. John Thompson, Air Force decision to relocate to Puget Sound and Tanker Program executive officer and also guide impacted employees.” KC-46 program director. “We’re on a The facility opened on schedule really good track.” in October. Testing of the first boom is Maureen Dougherty, Boeing KC-46 scheduled to begin in the third quarter of vice president and program manager, said 2013 at a System Integration Laboratory. the team is on schedule for the next major Five laboratories supporting integration Air Force contract milestone, the Critical and testing of various military systems on Design Review, set for next summer. the tanker—four at Boeing Field, a fifth in This review will determine whether the Everett—are scheduled to be operational design of the KC-46A is mature and ready by the end of 2013. to proceed to the manufacturing phase. “The greatest reward,” Lazar said of When it does, the program will be able getting the facility up and running, “was to draw on the experience of hundreds witnessing the collaboration and commit- GRAPHIC: (Top) The KC-46A tanker of 767 factory employees. ment of the team, all the while maintaining will feature advanced technology Richard Duncan, 767 airframe team focus on the common goal—exceed including a digital flight deck with lead with 20 years’ experience, is prepar- customer expectations and produce Boeing 787 Dreamliner electronic ing his team now for the start of the the highest-quality boom.” pilot displays and a state-of-the-art production process. After assembly of each tanker in Everett, air refueling operator station. BOEING PHOTOS: (Far left) Jaydee Dyess, “My team literally crafts the starting the planes will be flown to Boeing Field, 767 Tanker Validation Center, inspects point for the airplane build. We must be where the refueling booms will be attached an actual-size mock-up of the wing very precise in everything we do,” Duncan along with other military equipment. center fuel tank. BOB FERGUSON/BOEING said. “We have put processes in place to But much work remains until that (Left) Brad Storey, boom assembly mechanic, begins work on the first ensure quality and accuracy the first time— first tanker is ready to roll out of the refueling boom being built at Boeing we are ready and excited to begin.” Everett plant. Field in Seattle. JIM ANDERSON/BOEING Tom Fisher, 767 wing mechanic, who “The priorities for the coming year relocated from Long Beach, Calif., to Ever- are significant—completing a successful ett, brings experience and skills as a team critical design review,” said Thompson, the leader on the C-17 military transport. Air Force general in charge of the program. “Men and women in uniform deserve “I have every confidence that we’ll the very best,” Fisher said. “They are get there.” n counting on us. No matter how big [email protected] or small our job, each of us plays an important part.”

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 39 Excellence without borders Regional teams help navigate the complexities of operating internationally By Bill Seil

oeing has more than 9,000 employees based in 70 countries outside the United BStates, and each day they face new challenges involving the laws, regulations and customs of individual countries and jurisdictions. “If you’re going to put an employee or inventory into an overseas location, that inevitably triggers a number of compliance requirements with local laws and regulations,” said Paul Kinscherff, chief financial officer for Boeing International. John Demers, Boeing International’s general counsel, added, “We need to conform to local rules, while efficiently pursuing our business ob- jectives. This can be challenging, considering the number of jurisdictions in which we do business.” But operating internationally recently became easier than ever for Boeing—and for employees. Five newly created regional teams, representing the functions on the Boeing International leadership team, are prepared to help with a wide range of issues, large and small. It could be providing assistance with legal and financial matters, global staffing support, information technology setup or furnishing new facilities. In the Middle East, for example, the group has begun to tackle visa issues in a systematic fashion to make it easier for Boeing to move people in and out of region. Whatever the need, the purpose of these Boeing teams is to serve as “one-stop shops” to support the local Boeing International and business unit leaders. “We have designed an elegant and effective solution to address our global challenges and opportunities,” said Shep Hill, president, Boeing International, and senior vice president, Business Development and Strategy. “It gives our business units an important new tool to operate internationally and projects a unified ‘One Boeing’ presence in the countries where we do business.” The teams are called Regional Functional

40 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 “The creation of these regional councils is a great idea.” – Al Bryant, managing director, Boeing Research & Technology–Brazil

Councils, and they cover five geographic regions: • Europe, Turkey, Russia and Israel • The Americas, outside the United States • The Middle East, India and Africa • Southeast Asia and Australia • Northeast Asia, including Japan, Korea and China Hill said the new structure creates an efficient way to get expert assistance when navigating the complexities of foreign laws and regulations. It also creates a system for sharing best practices, and making sure that mistakes made in one country aren’t duplicated in another. The five regional councils were launched by Boeing International earlier this year. Each has a core team of representatives from Shared Services Group, Human Resources, Finance, Law, Information Technology, Global Trade Controls, Ethics and Communications. Daniella Turner is the Shared Services representative to the Regional Functional Council for Europe, Turkey, Russia and Israel. “It’s very much in its infancy, but we’re all excited by its potential and committed to making it work,” she said. As an example of how well the new structure is working, Turner explained that the regional council she is on has already reviewed requirements for the 787 Dreamliner’s entry into service in the region, with the “goal of ensuring full and coordinated functional support.” That enthusiasm is echoed by Al Bryant, who has had the responsibility—and challenge—of launching three Boeing Research & Technology organizations in Australia, China and, most recently, Brazil. He is currently managing director of the one in Brazil. In each case, Bryant said he had to create “mini-teams” to tackle the special requirements of each unique operation. “The creation of these regional councils is a great idea,” Bryant said. “My mini-teams have gotten the job done, but it would have been a real timesaver to have one regional team already in place each time I started a project.” n [email protected]

PHOTOS: (Left) Daniella Turner, Shared Services Group regional director, Europe, Turkey and Israel. (Right) Al Bryant, managing director, Boeing Research & Technology–Brazil. ASSOCIATED PRESS

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 41 Delta would sublease all of AirTran 717s. “We found a way to let Southwest honor its obligation but do what they must, and give Delta, a good customer, a better All the right solution than a competitor’s new airplanes,” said Mike Cave, president of Boeing Capital. “Together we solved it in a ‘win-win-win’ fashion,” Cave added. moves For Boeing Capital and its team of 160 employees, finding solutions to customer requests starts with some “must do’s,” When it comes to aircraft financing, according to Cave. “Our stated goal is that Boeing loses no campaign as a Boeing Capital Corp. charts the course matter of customers being disadvantaged in financing, and By John Kvasnosky that no delivery will be missed due to financing,” Cave said, hen major Boeing customer Southwest adding that Boeing Capital’s close Airlines decided in 2012 to exit early collaboration with Commercial Wfrom its significant Boeing-leased Airplanes on meeting customer 717 fleet at its AirTran subsidiary to become expectations continues to yield an all-737 operator, the outcome could impressive results for the company. have had a significant financial impact Dave Edgerton, Boeing Capital’s on Boeing. vice president for risk management, But the company’s aircraft financing said strategic actions taken with the and leasing unit, Boeing Capital Corp., unit’s sizable aircraft portfolio such as working with Commercial Airplanes the Southwest-Delta deal, as well as Sales, Finance and Commercial selling some older airplanes and placing Aviation Services, crafted an available 717s at three operators during innovative “One Boeing” so- 2012, delivered solid results for Boeing. lution that enabled a deal “Making the right portfolio moves yields between Southwest multiple benefits, including generating cash and Delta Air Lines. and earnings for Boeing, so we can deliver

42 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 on our financial commitments—and it reduces our risks as we “Our role is to be out there, whether it’s working with move ahead to help us stay healthy,” Edgerton said. the financiers, the rating agencies that rate customers’ Cave added that one of Boeing Capital’s highest-yielding deals or the institutional investors,” Myers said. “Our investments is its people—and a workplace culture that is job is to influence how they feel, and inspire them based on teamwork and values. to want to invest in our products.” n “We don’t have a handful of people in a smoke-filled room who [email protected] define what good business is,” Cave said. “Ours is an inclusive process. We deliberate as a team and, as a result, we get better solutions and implementation is also smoother. If we focus on PHOTO: Tail fins and winglets of values, we do a better job. They’re a competitive advantage.” Southwest Airlines and AirTran That approach successfully guided Boeing Capital through 737s. SOUTHWEST AIRLINES a challenging 2012, he said, and will continue to do so in 2013. “Our job is to look out a couple years and work with financiers to develop funding sources for Boeing commercial airplane deliveries,” Cave said. “We’re charting the course through our annual aircraft financing forecast. We do it in our customer support role and in our leadership role for industry. We set the tone.” Airlines picking up new Boeing jets have been less challenged than others in borrowing funds, and Cave credited this to the attractiveness of those airplane assets. Also, jetliner production continues to increase in response to demand. To keep sufficient financing available for Boeing aircraft deliveries, Boeing Capital works to energize financiers about aircraft investment through an aggressive schedule of global events for bankers, investors—even the appraisers who set airplane values. These sessions experienced record attendance in 2012, said Tim Myers, who leads Boeing Capital’s financial stakeholder efforts as vice president and general manager of Aircraft Financial Services.

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 43 ALOTOFHISTORY National airline of Poland continues to make aviation ‘firsts’ with Boeing By Fiona O’Farrell

n 1989, Poland’s national airline, LOT, product we are offering our passengers Brazilian airplane-maker Embraer. became the first carrier in Eastern will exceed all of their expectations,” Pirog “LOT is a great customer to work IEurope to operate Western aircraft. said. “Being the first European airline to with—its heritage is part of the company’s That plane, a Boeing 767-200, began operate this wonderful machine makes DNA—and everyone at Boeing is so proud the airline’s fleet renewal program. everyone at LOT extremely proud.” to do so,” said Marc Chere, the Boeing Last month, LOT Polish Airlines made Established in 1929, LOT is one of Sales director responsible for the airline. history with Boeing again, when it became the world’s oldest airlines still in operation. “LOT has a special place in the heart of the first European carrier to take delivery It began international service in August the Polish nation, and it was truly an honor of the 787 Dreamliner. The airline has 1929 with a route from Warsaw to Vienna, to be part of the huge celebrations when seven more 787-8s on order. and was accepted into the International the 787 joined LOT’s fleet.” LOT Chief Executive Officer Marcin Air Transport Association in 1930. The After a series of short flights within Pirog led a delegation that included Polish association represents most of the world’s Europe in December, LOT’s first 787 will political representatives and Polish media international airlines, which must meet begin long-haul service in January. It will to Seattle to take part in celebrations stringent criteria for admission. replace the 767 on the airline’s route from surrounding that 787 “first.” Today, LOT operates routes to more Warsaw to Chicago, which has a special When the delivery flight arrived at than 60 destinations in Europe, North place in the heart of the Polish nation. Warsaw’s Chopin Airport, the arrival cel- America, Africa and Asia, with a fleet of Chicago is home to the largest population ebrations were attended by 1,500 people, 39 aircraft. In addition to the 787, LOT’s of Poles outside Poland. n including senior political figures, airline Boeing fleet includes 737s, 757s and [email protected] customers and LOT employees. the 767-300ER (Extended Range). The “I know that the 787 Dreamliner airline also operates passenger jets from

PHOTOS: (Above left and right) Archival

photos from LOT Polish Airlines. LOT ARCHIVES (Above center and below) Marcin Pirog, CEO of LOT, in front of a 787 Dreamliner

engine; the first 787 for LOT. GAIL HANUSA/BOEING

44 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 45 Milestones

SERVICE AWARDS: Boeing recognizes the following employees in December for their years of service. 70 years Hannelore Gehman Richard Coleman John Oppeau Andrew Bicos Andrew Hunter Diana Rhea David Genoway Douglas Cooley David Orozco Scott Boyd James Hushen James Gill Debra Crane John Parnell Rebecca Bradshaw Mark Hutchins 55 years Mayer Gusik Stewart Deleon Mark Partridge Timothy Bright Rickie Iler Charles Morris Bill Hager John Dimaggio Julie Peirson Cassandra Brookfield Celeste Ingram Laura Hayes Donald Dimm Daralee Peterson Leeah Brown John Ito 50 years Richard Helgeson Cornell Divinity Paula Pielak Joseph Buehre Steven Jackson John Oncay Gene Henderson Leslie Donovan George Pistey Vytautas Bukauskas Maureen Jankowski Kirk Hermle Michael Doonan Michael Plona Calvin Burkhalter Timothy Jefferson 45 years Michael Hey Loren Eagan Linda Preston Joseph Burrows David Jensen Robert Hughes Eric Eckle Michael Puig Daniel Busse James Johnson Sandra Bloom Frank Hukle Braulio Felix Steven Ramey Bert Card James Kearney Harold Elliard Ronald Jaeger Paula Fischer Robert Reeves Karen Casaus Michael Kearse Carolyn Horstmeier Jim King Kevin Fogarty Donald Rising Deanna Chavez Christopher Keyes Flint Lloyd Gary Kistner Linda Foster Nina Sakamoto Travis Chow David Keyser Jessie Oliver Margaret Kounter Mary Francis Roberto Samper Insook Chun Mark Kirk George Steele Mark Kuka Philip Freeman Jim Santistevan Vianey Chung Lawrence Kitlas

Brett Lacoste Gregory Gaskin Scott Sarro Connie Click Rebecca Knutson 40 years Marlyn Langdahl Anthony Giamberdino John Sattler Johnny Coleman Gary Kunc Thomas Alberts Lois Long Lenora Gilman Donita Schilly Joyce Coleman James Lamb Harry Ardes Dorothy Manfred Robin Goetz Brian Schmidt Charles Conley David Lashley Dennis Clayton James Masnack Richard Goff Ted Schultz Michelle Cooper Ted Lee Kim Collier Michael Mathia James Gray Nicholas Semola Michael Cox Ken Leung Ruben Duran Sandra Matthews Barbara Greene Gary Shammas Jean Daffern John Lewis R.S. Faggett Francis Moore Louis Grimaldi Chris Simmons Andra Davis Daniel Lieser Phillip Garner Craig Moran Joseph Haase Douglas Skelton Stanley Deal John Lindley Steven Gick David Odehnal James Handy Paul Snow Gary Dutcher David Link Will Gray Tamara Patterson Franklyn Henry Felecia Stewart John Dwyer George Littlefield Alan Halperin James Peth Kenneth Hill Andrew Stoker Susan Eckels Jeffery Littrell Estella Harper- Richard Pierce Marcia Hoffman Philip Stover Katherine Edeen Henry Lizarraga Johnson Steven Pool Ronald Hoffman Dean Takeuchi Ruth Edwards Mark Longworth Gerald Hoxie Joseph Prevedel Joseph Hollenback Midge Tallman Karen Egan Gregory Lopez David Kirkbride Julio Ramirez Norman Holmstrom Faith Tanner Saman Ellalagoda Debbie Losh Thomas Lanigan Steven Reeder Marvin Holwager Margaret Theismann Rollie Eubanks Frank Losos Clifford Mannahan Michael Renieri Archie Huizenga Thomas Thompson Paul Fairless Frank Lyman Frederick Morrow Daryl Robillard Phillip Jordan Arthur Typolt Tanya Fan Luke Maki David Nagle Lajoy Roche Terrance Kasberger Paul Undiano John Fink John Malone John Schoenecker Michael Samples James Keegan Robert Utley Patrick Finnegan Kent Maneth Charles Sofich Cary Simpson John Key Leslie Van Helden William Forrester James Martin Alexa Vasquez Kevin Kilian Jay Vancamp Robert Frank Richard Massey 35 years Kemah Washington Pamela Kingsley Michael Walsh Landy Franz Justin Masters Christopher Almond Douglas Wilke Robert Kisch Tina Wargo Mary Fresques Bruce Mathiason Rosia Banks Richard Williamson Ronald Kister Chester Wells David Garrett Lynda May Addison Baylor Bruce Willis Ross Kubasta Angela Wilder Robert Geigle Darryl McCann Pamela Bedore Carl Kulp Jay Williams Carolyn Giordano Steven McCulloch James Bell 30 years William Lange Creed Wilson Daniel Godwin Dionne McEwen Dennis Bradford Scott Atkinson Daniel Lewinski Calvin Woods James Goldstein David McKenna Michael Brady Alvin Austin Michael Lobdell William Woolley Jennifer Goodman Alan McSwain Donald Callahan Michael Baddley Russell Lohman Bryan Wyeth Charles Green Deana Mellinger Rhonda Calpito Ron Barton Steven Lynch Jeffrey Griffin Johnny Middleton Michael Carter Richard Benak Michael Maddaleno 25 years Alfephus Gulley William Midyett James Cobb Mark Bentler Guy Magnus Carl Alexander Mary Guse Michael Millette Dianna Coleman Nancy Beyer Emmanuel Manansala Ali Arabian Donald Hallock Ronald Mitchell Robert Collins Rex Bishopp Mark Maricle Severiano Araga David Harrell Douglas Mohl Kathleen Connelly Donna Brandon Rose Mayebo Jeff Armstrong Andrew Harris David Moore Louis Cooley William Brandon Eddie McClinton Michael Atkins Charles Harris Timothy Morris Sandra Covich David Bressler Douglas McFarlane Bijan Azadi Lance Harrison Keith Mukhar Connie Cramer David Brock Raymond Miller Carrie Baer Robert Harrison Rachel Murray Theresa Crotty Ernest Broughton Robert Mitchell Linda Bailey Shane Hawley Robert Myers Judy Dodd Daniel Bruce Christian Moore Lauri Baker Richard Heitmeyer Lucina Novack Gerry Dubois James Buckley Dorothy Morishima Michael Baker Fernando Herrera Theresa Ochoa Roy Eisenbach Stephen Cafazza William Moy Kevin Ballrot Gary Hipol Bruce Ohm Cynthia Farmer James Clark Dennis Nickell Frida Bassig Deborah Holley David O’Toole Thomas Fifield Jurl Claude Fausto Ochoa Randy Beddoe John Holm Mara Pandora Lanita Fontno Robert Cline Eugene Oddi Linda Betts John Howell Bernardo Pangan David Olson Trung Hua Michael Pappel

BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 45 In Focus

SPEED TO BURN With engines in full afterburner, two Boeing F-15C Eagles from the Oregon Air National Guard’s 142nd Fighter Wing fly above the Oregon Coast during a night training mission in September. The fighter wing performs the Air Sovereignty Alert missions to safeguard the Pacific Northwest. Afterburners provide an increase in engine thrust, usually for takeoff or combat situations. The pattern in the engine exhaust is referred to as shock diamonds or Mach disks. PHOTO: JIM HASELTINE/HIGH-G PRODUCTIONS

50 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 51 BOEING FRONTIERS / DECEMBER 2012–JANUARY 2013 PB