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·Aquaculture Development Plan [ for the Territory . 4 ~ ~ , , '• . n'" ~ ~ I ' I, u ,, • ~ ' ·Aquaculture Development Plan [ For the Territory . · of Guam [ Department ot Commeroe [ ; ',~ • ' [. '• • ~# .• t \ ~ . - ' , ~ • , -~ . ... +7 - .. I , • .,. ' ~ 0. ... ' ..... ~ .. ., ~ .. 0 .··AQUACULTURE It ' DEVELOPMENT / t PLAN For the Territory of,Guam • prepared by: William J. FitzGerald, Jr. .. .. .I .. j ~ • ., Department-- . of Commerce. Government of Guam • .. • June 1982, .- '· The preparation of this publication was financed in part by the Economic Development Administration's Section 302(a) State Planning Grant (Project No. 07-25-01669-04), U. S. Department of Commerce. Partial support was also provided through the U. S. Depart­ ment of Commerce, National Oceanographic Atmospheric Administration's Coastal Zone Management Program Grant No. NA-79-AA-D-c-Z-098, Guam Coastal Management Program . .. Cover design by Richard San Nicolas 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary PAGE SECTION I HISTORICAL AND POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT 1. Introduction . .. .. ....... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 1 2. • Natural Resources/Opportunities ......................................................... 3 3. Historical Development of Aquaculture on Guam ..... .. .... .. ................... 7 4. Territorial Government Aquaculture Policy .......................................... 9 5. Economic Effects of Aquaculture Development on Guam ........... ....... 11 6. Revenue Generation 14 7. Fisheries Enhancement 16 8. OTEC and Aquaculture 17 SECTION II INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION 8. Agencies and Associations Involved in Aquaculture on Guam 19 A. Other Government Agencies Indirectly Involved in , Aquaculture . ... .. .. .. .. .. 2 3 B. Local Legislation ............................................................................ 25 9. Organization of the Aquaculture Program on the National Level ..................................................................................... 30 10. Aquaculture Support Programs of Federal Agencies ........................... 33 A. Department of Agriculture . ... ...... ... ... .. .... ... .... .. .. .... ... .. ... .. ... ... 3 3 1) USDA Aquaculture Plan 38 B. Department of Commerce 40 C. Department of the Interior 41 D. U. S. Agency For International Development ................................. 42 lll PAGE E. Other Federal Agencies ......................................................... 43 F. Federal Legislation .................................................................. 45 1) Omnibus Territories Act of 1980 ..................................... 45 2) National Aquaculture Act of 1980 ................................... 46 3) Federal Crop Insurance Act of 1980 ................................. 49 4) Food and Agriculture Act of 1981 .................................... 50 5) Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Research, Development Act .. ........ .. .. .. .. .. 50 6) Amendment to the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act . .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 51 7) Title XIII Amendment to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ....................................................................... 51 8) Water Research and Development Act of 1978 ................. 52 11. Regional Commission and Foundation .......................................... 53 12. Pacific Inter-Regional Cooperation 58 SECTION III DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 13. Facilities for Aquaculture ............................................................... 59 A. Infrastructure .......................................................................... 59 B. Aquaculture Grow-Gut Facilities ..................... ......................... 61 14. Support Services ·········································································· 74 A. Financial Support ·································································· 74 B. Aquaculture Insurance ... ... ... ......... .. .. .. ...... ....... ... .. .. ... .. ... .. 79 C. Hatchery ................................................................................. 81 IV PAGE D. Extension Service ..................................................................... 85 E. Research and Development .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 87 F. Feed and Fertilizer..................................................................... 89 G. Establishment of a Fish Health Monitoring Program ................................................................................... 92 H. Manpower ................................................................................. 94 I. Utilities ........ .... .... ...... ......... ......... ........ .... .. ..... ........ ... ...... ... .. 98 J. Law Enforcement ....... ............ ..... ...................... ............. .......... 99 15. Market .......................................................................................... 100 A. Marketing Program 100 B. Local Market ............................................................................. 103 C. Assessment of Consumer Preference 108 D. Outlet Structure of the Local Market 109 E. Military Market 111 F. Foreign Market 11111 G. Blacklisting ............................................................................. 115 16. Riparian Rights and Submerged Lands Ownership ......................... .. 120 17. Permits for Aquaculture ................................................................ 124 SECTION IV IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 18. Industry Organization .................................................................... 133 A. Growth Pattern of the Industry 133 B. Aquaculture Advisory Council 135 C. Lead Agency ......................................................................... .. 138 19. Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Revolving Fund 141 20. Scenarios for the Development of the Aquaculture Industry ..................................................................................... 143 v PAGE A. Scenarios for Hatchery Operation ........................................... 146 1) Scenario I, Government Owned/Operated Hatchery ·········· 146 2) Scenario II, Cooperative Owned/Operated Hatchery (Agricultural Development Fund Loan) ..................................................................... 155 3) Scenario III, Cooperative Owned/Operated Hatchery (General Development Fund Loan) .................. .. 159 4) Scenario IV, Cooperative or Private Owned/ Operated Hatchery with a Reduced Scope of Purpose .......... ................. .... .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. ..... .... .. .. 162 21. Bibliography 164 22. Appendices 173 A. Listing of Aquaculture, Agriculture and Fisheries Legislation of Guam ................................................ .. 173 B. Private Aquaculture Operations of Guam ................................. 177 C. Construction Cost Estimate for Hatchery ................................ .. 179 D. Abbreviations 181 Vl LIST OF TABLES TABLES PAGE Establishment of An Aquaculture Industry: Summary of Constraints and Recommendations ..................................... Xlll 1 River Minimum Flow and Long-Term Average Flow Rates Recorded from Permanent Monitor Stations ............................. 5 2 River Discharge Measurements at Low Flow of Partial Record Stations ...................................................................... 6 3 The Original Introduction to Guam of Various Species Intended for Aquaculture ........................................................ 8 4 Annual Tax Revenue Generated by Prawn Industry ............... 14 5 Tilapia Imports Summary 1980- 1981 ................................. 107 6 Responsible Government Agencies for Issuance of Permits for Aquaculture ..................................................................... 125 7 Scenario 1: Government Owned/Operated Hatchery Annual Operating Costs ........................................................... 149 8 Cost Breakdown of Individual Expense Categories ................ .. 150 9 Anticipated Revenues and Expenditures Government Operated Hatchery ................................................................. 154 10 Scenario II: Cooperative Owned/Operated Hatchery Annual Operating Costs (ADF Loan, three percent interest rate) ........................................................................... 157 11 Scenario III: Cooperative Owned/Operated Hatchery Annual Operating Costs ........................................................ 160 12 Comparison of Annual Payment of a $750,000 Loan Between an Agriculture Development Fund Loan (3%) and a General Development Fund Act Loan (15-5/8%} through the Guam Economic Development Authority 161 13 Scenario IV: Cooperative or Private Owned/Operated Hatchery With a Reduced Scope of Purpose Annual Operating Costs ...................................................................... .. 163 Vll LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1 Guam and Its Major Surface Drainage Systems ··························· 4 2 Organization of Federal Government Aquaculture Program ........... 31 3 Aquaculture Coordination, U. S. Department of Agriculture (Aquaculture A Program For the Eighties, USDA)............................ 3 9 4 Guam's Total Shrimp Imports: January 1979 through June 1981. Large Class Size Imports: January through December 1980................................................................................. 105 5 Number of Visitor/Tourist to Guam: 1979 and 1980 106 6 Wholesale Prices of Frozen Shrimp Imports, Tokyo Central Wholesale Market, for Indonesian White Shrimp Penaeus sp.) 16-20 pound (head-off, shell-on) (Foreign Fishery Information Release, NMFS) ............................... 113 7 An Integrated System
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