Die Welt Des Stephen K. Bannon. Wie Revolutionär Ist Die Trump-Administration?

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Die Welt Des Stephen K. Bannon. Wie Revolutionär Ist Die Trump-Administration? SIRIUS 2017; 1(2): 121–132 Joachim Krause* Die Welt des Stephen K. Bannon. Wie revolutionär ist die Trump-Administration? DOI 10.1515/sirius-2017-0028 1 Einleitung Kurzfassung: Der Artikel befasst sich mit dem Weltbild des strategischen Chefberaters von Donald Trump. Dabei Die ersten Monate des neuen US-amerikanischen Präsi- sollen polemische Verkürzungen vermieden werden. Die denten Donald J. Trump lassen erkennen, dass sich der zentralen Elemente der Gedankenwelt des Stephen K. neue Herr im Weißen Haus als Speerspitze einer Mitte- Bannon sind, was die Gegenwartsanalyse betrifft, (1) die Rechts-Revolution der kleinen Leute versteht, die sich Orientierung an einem zyklischen Weltbild, (2) eine Kritik gegen das politische Establishment in Washington richtet. am Kapitalismus und am politischen Establishment, und Die oppositionelle Demokratische Partei ist sich einig in (3) die Furcht vor einer neuen Welle eines Totalitarismus, der Ablehnung dieser Revolution, das republikanische die aus dem politischen Islam entstehen könnte. Seine Establishment ist gespalten: auf der einen Seite die Überlegungen zur politischen Programmatik bestehen in Mehrheit, die willig dem neuen Präsidenten folgt, und auf erster Linie aus der Forderung nach (1) Wiederherstellung der anderen Seite die Skeptiker und Kritiker, die noch in demokratischer Souveränität durch die Zerschlagung ei- der Minderheit sind. In Deutschland wie in anderen Län- ner angeblich parasitären politischen Klasse in den USA, dern ist die Ratlosigkeit groß: Wie geht man mit einem (2) die Wiederherstellung nationaler Souveränität durch Präsidenten um, der Milliardär ist und zugleich Revolu- die Absage an Globalismus und Multilateralismus sowie tionär sein will? Wie lange wird dieser revolutionäre Im- (3) der Primat der Bekämpfung des totalitären Islamismus puls vorhalten? Wann wird sich die Politik der US-Admi- in der internationalen Politik. nistration normalisieren? Die Eskapaden von Präsident Schlüsselwörter: USA, Donald Trump, Stephen Bannon, Trump und seinem Team sind beliebter Gegenstand von Konservatismus, Neue Rechte, alternative Rechte Witz und Satire oder von Empörung. Politisch hilft das nicht weiter. Ebenso wenig ergibt es Sinn, darauf zu hof- Abstract: The article addresses the political thoughts of fen, dass ein Impeachmentverfahren oder eine Krankheit President Trumpʼs chief strategic advisor Stephen K. dazu führen, dass Donald J. Trump vorzeitig abberufen Bannon. It attempts to avoid polemics. It follows the main wird. threads of thought beginning with (1) a worldview based Will die deutsche Politik mit der US-Regierung aus- on a cyclical understanding of republican polities; (2) his kommen, dann muss sie die Ansichten und Motive ver- critique of crony-capitalism and the US political class, and stehen lernen, die hinter diesem „revolutionären“ An- (3) his analyses of the threat emanating from political Is- spruch stehen. Und um einzuschätzen, wie lange und wie lam. His political agenda aims (1) for re-establishing de- nachhaltig dieser revolutionäre Impuls wirkt, muss sie die mocratic sovereignty through a new Jacksonian pre- Dynamiken verstehen, die die Trump-Administration sidency, the (2) re-establishment of national sovereignty ausgelöst hat und welche sie noch auslösen wird. Ein through a partial withdrawal from multilateral free trade, Hauptelement dieser Dynamik sind die zentralen Wahl- and (3) the saliency of the fight against totalitarian inter- versprechen, die Trump vor allem in der letzten Phase des pretation of Islam in international relations. Wahlkampfes gegeben hat: Sie zielen auf die Schaffung Keywords: USA, Donald Trump, Stephen Bannon, von Millionen gut bezahlter und sicherer Arbeitsplätze in Conservatisms, new right, alternative right den USA durch Re-Industrialisierung, De-Regulierung, den Ausstieg aus Freihandelsabkommen und die Schlie- ßung der Grenzen für Migranten aus Lateinamerika und aus muslimischen Ländern. Diese zentralen Wahlver- sprechen hat ihm sein erst im Sommer 2016 eingesetzter Strategieberater Stephen K. Bannon nahegelegt. Damit hat Trump die Wahlen für sich und für die Republikaner * Kontaktperson: Prof. Dr. Joachim Krause, Direktor Institut für entschieden und er bleibt somit ein Gefangener seiner Sicherheitspolitik an der Universität Kiel, Wahlversprechen. Die Einsetzung Bannons als Strategie- E-Mail: [email protected] 122 Joachim Krause berater des Präsidenten im Weißen Haus und dessen he- schistische Neigungen nachgesagt, etwa, weil er in einer rausragende Position in der Administration lassen er- Rede den italienischen Autor Julius Evola zitierte oder weil kennen, dass er für Trump der wichtigste Anker bei der er Zustimmung zu einer Idee des französischen Nationa- Umsetzung dieser Versprechen ist.1 Daher ist es angezeigt, listen Charles Maurras äußerte, die dieser vor mehr als 100 sich mit dem Denken und den Ideen dieses Mannes zu Jahren entwickelt hatte. Andere sehen in ihm jemanden, beschäftigen – aber auch mit der Frage, wie realistisch der auf einen Krieg gegen den Islam hinarbeitet und von seine Vorstellungen sind und wie seine Perspektiven in- daher eine große Gefahr darstellt. Diese Beschreibungen nerhalb der Administration aussehen. werden von Bannon selbst zurückgewiesen und sind of- fenkundig auch nicht berechtigt. Bei näherem Hinsehen beruhen alle angeführten Belege auf Hörensagen und zweifelhaften Zeugen oder lassen erkennen, dass die Kri- tiker die entsprechenden Texte nicht oder nur ober- flächlich gelesen haben.2 Dass diese Behauptungen den- noch so weite Verbreitung finden, mag an seiner Streitlust und seiner direkten Art im Umgang mit politischen Geg- nern liegen. Erkennbar ist daran aber auch, wie unver- söhnlich der innenpolitische Streit in den USA geworden ist. Wenn diese Kennzeichnungen in Deutschland durch- weg für bare Münze genommen werden, zeigt dies, wie sehr auch unsere öffentliche Debatte von dem Zerfall der politischen Kultur in den USA in Mitleidenschaft gezogen wird – und dieser Zerfall findet auf beiden Seiten des po- litischen Grabens statt. Daher ist es angebracht, sich an dem zu orientieren, was der ehemalige Marinesoldat, In- vestmentbanker, Filmemacher und Journalist Bannon tatsächlich gesagt und geschrieben hat und nicht an dem, was ihm von Personen nachgesagt wird, die ihn als poli- tischen Gegner ansehen. Für diese Vorgehensweise spricht auch, dass seriöse Wissenschaftler und Journalis- ten, die vor seinem politischen Aufstieg mit ihm zu tun hatten (und die keinesfalls zu seinen Anhängern zählen), nicht den Eindruck gewonnen hatten, dass es sich bei Bannon um einen Rassisten, Rechtsextremisten oder Kriegspropagandisten handele.3 Bannon ist nicht der typische Vertreter einer wissen- Über Stephen K. Bannon wird in den US-amerikanischen schaftlichen oder theoretischen Schule, sondern hat sich Medien ausgiebig berichtet. Er gilt als graue Eminenz eine politische Meinung oder eine Art Philosophie zu- hinter Trump. Die Beschreibungen seines Denkens und rechtgelegt, die man in ihren Kernelementen wiedergeben die Bewertungen seiner Rolle in den Kreisen der Politik, und in Bezug zu bekannten Mustern politischen Denkens der einschlägigen Medien und der Intelligenz könnten negativer nicht ausfallen. Er gilt als der Mann, der für alles Schlechte steht, was Trump repräsentiert, als Prince of Darkness, als Darth Vader, als die dunkle Seite der Macht. 2 Fund 2017. 3 „ Auch in den deutschen Medien und Talkshows wird er Vgl. David Kaiser: Donald Trump, Stephen Bannon and the Co- ming Crisis in American National Life“. Time Magazine, 18. Novem- regelmäßig als Rechtsextremist, Rassist ( White Suprema- ber 2016. Siehe auch Jonathan Roth: „Historian Neil Howe on Ban- tist und Antisemit) oder als Anti-Feminist bezeichnet. Er non, Trump, and the possibility of civil war in the US“, in: Business soll ein Bewunderer Putins sein und ihm werden fa- insider online; www.businessinsider.de/historian-neil-howe-on- bannon-trump-and-the-possibility-of-civil-war-in-the-us-2017–2?r= US&IR=T. Vgl. Flemming Rose: „Ich habe Steve Bannon, den gefähr- 1 Vgl. Editorial Board: „President Bannon?“ New York Times, 30. Ja- lichsten Mann der Welt, getroffen – er glaubt, dass Krieg unaus- nuar 2017, A 28; Lawrence Douglas: „Steve Bannon is calling the weichlich ist.“ Huffington Post, 15. Februar 2017; http://www. shots in the White House. That's terrifying“. The Guardian, 21. Januar huffingtonpost.de/flemming-rose/steve-bannon-islam-krieg_b_1476 2017. 3844.html Die Welt des Stephen K. Bannon. Wie revolutionär ist die Trump-Administration? 123 setzen kann. Bannon soll zwar in politischer Philosophie tablishment, die von libertinären und konservativen belesen sein,4 aber es ist bei ihm kein durchgehender Grundlagen ausgeht und stark von Schriften Nassim Ta- Ansatz erkennbar, der eine bekannte politische Philoso- lebs geprägt ist, die aber auch Schnittmengen mit mar- phie widerspiegelt. Seine politische Philosophie entstand xistischen Denkkategorien erkennen lässt, und (3) die in der Auseinandersetzung mit konkreten historischen Furcht vor einer neuen Welle eines Totalitarismus, die aus Ereignissen (wie mit dem Scheitern der Operation zur Be- dem politischen Islam entstehen könnte. Aus diesen drei freiung der US-amerikanischen Geiseln aus der Botschaft Elementen erwachsen seine Überlegungen zur politischen in Teheran Ende 1979 oder der Bankenkrise im September Programmatik. Diese bestehen in erster Linie aus der 2008) sowie aus persönlichen Erfahrungen und Be- Forderung nach (1) Wiederherstellung demokratischer gegnungen.5
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