Anticancer Agents Medicinal Chemistry III B Pharm Dr. bilal al-jaidi Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan Email:
[email protected] Learning Outcome At the end of this lesson students will be able to – Outline the current status, causes and treatment strategies of cancer – Explain the mechanism of action, SAR, therapeutic uses and side effects of following classes of anti-cancer agents: • Alkylating Agents QUIZ = 20 Marks • Heavy metal compounds (Metallating Agents) • Anti-metabolite • Antibiotics • Plant Extracts • Topoisomerase inhibitors • Hormones • Combination of chemotherapy with other treatments • Others First Examination= 20 Marks The Status of Cancer • Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 12.6 million new cases and 7.6 million deaths every year. THIS IS EQUIVALENT TO ONE PERSON, EVERY 5 SECONDS OF EVERYDAY Source: GLOBOCAN 2008 By 2020 the World Health Organisation (WHO) expects this rise to 16 million. Cancer • A new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled and progressive (tumour). • Abnormal cells can spread to other parts of the body (metastasise). Cancer Types Cancer types are categorized based on the functions/locations of the cells from which they originate: Carcinoma: a tumor derived from epithelial cells, those cells that line the inner or outer surfaces of our skin and organs (80-90% of all cancer cases reported) Sarcoma: a tumor derived from muscle, bone, cartilage, fat or connective tissues. Leukemia: a cancer derived from white blood cells or their precursors. Lymphoma: a cancer of bone marrow derived cells that affects the lymphatic system. Myelomas: a cancer involving the white blood cells responsible for the production of antibodies (B lymphocytes).