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Gender Studies in Europe Studi Di Genere in Europa Proceedings of a conference organised by the Gender Studies Programme of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies in collaboration with the University of Florence and in association with ATHENA (EU-funded Socrates Thematic Network Project for Women's Studies in Europe), held at the European University Institute on 2 April 2001 Gender Studies in Europe Studi di genere in Europa Edited by Luisa Passerini Dawn Lyon Liana Borghi EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies UNIVERSITÀ DI FIRENZE Dipartimento di Filologia moderna in association with ATHENA Luisa Passerini Dawn Lyon Liana Borghi (editors) Gender Studies in Europe Studi di genere in Europa Conference Proceedings Monday 2 April 2001 European University Institute, Florence European University Istitute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Università di Firenze Dipartimento di Filologia moderna in association with ATHENA (EU-funded Socrates Thematic Network Project for Women's Studies in Europe) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without permission of the authors. © Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies and authors individually. Printed in Italy in July 2002 European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I-50016 San Domenico di Fiesole Italy Table of Contents _____________________________________________________ Luisa Passerini, Dawn Lyon, Liana Borghi – Introduction to conference proceedings: Gender Studies in Europe.………………... 5 PART ONE: KEY PAPERS……………………….……….……… 15 Introduction to ‘The State of Gender Studies’ Gabriele Griffin – Gender Studies in Europe: Current directions…... 17 Rosi Braidotti – ATHENA and Gender Studies…………………….. 31 Experiences in Scandinavia and Italy Bente Rosenbeck – Women’s Studies and Gender Research: Experiences in the Nordic Countries………………………………... 57 Nina Lykke – Differences among Nordic Countries and Feminists. Response to Bente Rosenbeck: Experiences in Scandinavia……….. 73 Anna Scattigno – Gli studi di genere all’Università di Firenze……... 79 PART TWO: ROUNDTABLES……………………….………….. 89 Roundtable I: Transitions and Transmissions Maria Puig de la Bellacasa – Flexible girls. A position paper on academic genderational politics……………………………………... 91 Nicky Le Feuvre – Women’s Studies Qualifications and Professional Trajectories…………………………………………… 111 Paola Pallavicini – Ritorno al presente: aspetti virtuali nelle relazioni inter-generazionali nel femminismo italiano……………… 125 Round Table II: Cultural Resources Eva D. Bahovec – Feminist Theory and Philosophy: More than a Marriage of Convenience……………………………………………. 135 Ulla Wischermann – The Pedagogic Dimension of Women’s and Gender Studies…………………………………………………….… 147 Mario Corona – A Few Remarks on Gender, Men’s Studies, and a Possible Republic of Differences……………………………………. 159 Anastasia Lada – Speaking from the inside as an “outsider”………. 163 Introduction to conference proceedings: Gender Studies in Europe Luisa Passerini and Dawn Lyon, EUI Liana Borghi, Università di Firenze, Italy This initiative was the result of a joint effort between the newly established Gender Studies Programme at the Robert Schuman Centre of the EUI1, the Dipartimento di Filologia Moderna, Università di Firenze and ATHENA (EU-funded Socrates Thematic Network Project for Women’s Studies in Europe). The conference took place in a context where the two formerly-mentioned organisers are in the process of creating new forms of gender studies; since both are in Florence, the conference is the first outcome of a desire to establish forms of co- operation and to create programmes of gender studies which are mutually complementary. However, this joint effort would not have been sufficient had it not been for the experience and knowledge of the ATHENA network. The location of the conference is therefore doubly relevant: Florence, for the reasons just stated, as an instance of collaboration between a national and an international institution (a very rare fact, for those who know the history of the EUI in Florence); and Italy, which is significant for various reasons. This country, which has had an extensive and important women’s movement, has developed an institutional network of women’s and gender studies to a much lesser extent than the countries of Northern Europe, with the exception of a few outstanding examples. However, in recent years, many efforts have been made in this direction, and the time was ripe for taking stock of the situation. This reflection might be significant at different levels: not only for one country, but also for the 1 Gender studies as an activity at the EUI has been sustained over many years largely through the voluntary efforts of a number of women students, visitors, fellows and professors. We should also like to thank Yves Mény who, as director of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the EUI (now President of the EUI), supported the establishment of gender studies as a formal programme of the RSCAS in October 2000. The Gender Studies Programme comprises a seminar series, the Ursula Hirschmann Annual Lecture on Gender and Europe, and an EC-funded research project. The programme’s aims are to support and to help develop the scholarly work of research students, fellows, academic staff and visitors in the study of gender, across the departments of the EUI; and to stimulate interdisciplinary work. The programme is directed by Professor Luisa Passerini, and co-ordinated by Dawn Lyon. 5 general understanding of the state of gender studies in Southern Europe and for the analysis of the specific combination of patterns (institutional, cultural, etc.) which variously characterises Europe today. Therefore an effort was made—within the limits of the available resources—to include among the participants in the conference people from countries of various areas of Europe; and to provide translation, at least partial, in order to facilitate the exchange between people of different countries and languages. This collection includes some papers in English and others in Italian. For the EUI, this event was part of a series on ‘Gender Studies: The State of the Art’, intended as a space for reflection on the current state of gender studies across Europe2. A crucial point for consideration was the relationship between the institutional level and the social and cultural reality of gender relations and the study of them, which takes different forms across Europe. Our attention to this relationship explains the format of the conference and its themes. In addition, we sought to learn from the experience of other gender studies initiatives in our effort to create the new programmes. Furthermore, we do not wish to envisage gender studies in isolation. We are aware that they have become a focus of many expectations which were formerly channelled towards politics, including movement politics; whilst we accept this extra-dimension of gender studies, we believe there are limits beyond which they cannot be stretched. Therefore we sought to pose the question of gender studies within a network of relationships and articulations between various types of institutions, such as academic and governmental ones, but also women’s centres and women’s networks of various kinds. In this multifarious and complex situation, we decided that a starting point for the conference should be an inventory of what has already been done, hence we devoted the morning of the meeting to this task. The two first interventions are intended to present and stress the European dimension of the approach. As for the second part of the morning, we have deliberately chosen two very different case studies—Scandinavia and Italy—in order to provide a contrast of approaches. The morning sessions were introduced and chaired by Luisa Passerini, EUI, and Liana Borghi, Università di Firenze. Gabriele Griffin, Kingston 2 The first session of this series took place in December 2000, with a “Dialogue on Gender Studies” between Terry Lovell, Warwick University, and Juliet Mitchell, University of Cambridge, UK. It continued in April 2002 with a discussion of “The Future of Gender Studies: the case of Italy and Hungary” in which Chiara Saraceno, Università di Torino and Andrea Petö, ELTE, Budapest participated. 6 University (now University of Hull), gave the first paper of the day, ‘Gender Studies in Europe – Current Directions’. The conference organisers requested that she speak under this title, and she started by examining the implications of these terms, e.g. gender (not women), and used this to draw attention to the trend in the UK where few of the major ‘women’s’ studies programmes have made the move to the appellation, ‘gender’. Whilst not rehearsing the extensive debates here, she signalled the dangers associated with the term gender, inferring a greater recognition of women’s rights than is the case in practice, an important reminder if the goal of gender scholarship includes “transformative analysis”. Gabriele Griffin went on to address five issues pertinent to current trends. 1) In the question of institutionalisation she pointed out the variety and range of infrastructural arrangements across Europe, from individual modules in women’s studies, named degree routes, to mainstreaming, i.e. reintegrating women’s/gender studies into the traditional disciplines, and discussed the specific opportunities and difficulties associated with them. 2) Regarding course curricula, she noted a move towards specialisation in women’s studies degree programmes. 3) Gender research tends to be
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