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Fogoite-(Y), Na3ca2y2ti(Si2o7)

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Fogoite-(Y), Na3ca2y2ti(Si2o7) Fogoite-(Y), Na3Ca2Y2Ti(Si2O7)(2)OF3, a Group I TS-block mineral from the Lagoa do Fogo, the Fogo volcano, Sao Miguel Island, the Azores: Description and crystal structure F. Camara, E. Sokolova, Y. A. Abdu, F. C. Hawthorne, T. Charrier, V. Dorcet, J. -F. Carpentier To cite this version: F. Camara, E. Sokolova, Y. A. Abdu, F. C. Hawthorne, T. Charrier, et al.. Fogoite-(Y), Na3Ca2Y2Ti(Si2O7)(2)OF3, a Group I TS-block mineral from the Lagoa do Fogo, the Fogo vol- cano, Sao Miguel Island, the Azores: Description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, Mineralogical Society, 2017, 81 (2), pp.369–381. 10.1180/minmag.2016.080.103. hal-01542757 HAL Id: hal-01542757 https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01542757 Submitted on 20 Jun 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Mineralogical Magazine, April 2017, Vol. 81(2), pp. 369–381 Fogoite-(Y), Na3Ca2Y2Ti(Si2O7)2OF3, a Group I TS-block mineral from the Lagoa do Fogo, the Fogo volcano, São Miguel Island, the Azores: Description and crystal structure 1,2,* 3 4 3 5 6 6 F. C ÁMARA ,E.SOKOLOVA ,Y.A.ABDU ,F.C.HAWTHORNE ,T.CHARRIER ,V.DORCET AND J. -F. CARPENTIER 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Mineralogiche e Petrologiche, Università di Torino, I-10125, Torino, Italy 2 CrisDi, Interdepartmental Centre for the Research and Development of Crystallography, via Pietro Giuria 5, I-10125, Torino, Italy 3 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 125 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2 Canada 4 Department of Applied Physics, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 5 Le Mange Cailloux, 1 rue de la Belle Allée, 85290 Mortagne-sur-Sevre,̀ France 6 Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – UMR 6226 CNRS-Universite de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex France [Received 24 January 2016; Accepted 21 March 2016; Associate Editor: Stuart Mills] ABSTRACT Fogoite-(Y), Na3Ca2Y2Ti(Si2O7)2OF3, is a new mineral from the Lagoa do Fogo, São Miguel Island, the Azores. It occurs in cavities as highly elongated (on [001]) prisms, up to 2000 μm long and 50 μm×50μm in cross- section, associated with sanidine, astrophyllite, fluornatropyrochlore, ferrokentbrooksite, quartz and ferro- katophorite. Crystals are generally transparent and colourless, with vitreous lustre, occasionally creamy white. ∼ Fogoite-(Y) has a white streak, splintery fracture and very good {100} cleavage. Mohs hardness is 5. Dcalc. = 3.523 g/cm3. It is biaxial (+) with refractive indices (λ =590nm)α = 1.686(2), β = 1.690(2), γ = 1.702(5); 2Vmeas.= 57(1)° and 2Vcalc. = 60°. It is nonpleochroic. Fogoite-(Y) is triclinic, space group P1, a = 9.575(6), b = 5.685(4), c = 7.279(5) Å, α = 89.985(6), β = 100.933(4), γ = 101.300(5)°, V = 381.2 (7) Å3. The six strongest reflections in the powder X-ray diffraction data [d (Å), I, (hkl)] are: 2.954, 100, (1 12, 3 1 0); 3.069, 42, (3 0 0, 0 1 2); 2.486, 24, (3 1 0, 2 1 2); 3.960, 23, (1 11, 2 1 0); 2.626, 21, (2 2 0); 1.820, 20, (104).Electron microprobe analysis gave the following empirical formula calculated on 18 (O + F) (Na2.74Mn0.15)Σ2.89Ca2[Y1.21(La0.01Ce0.03 Nd0.03Sm0.02Gd0.08Dy0.08Er0.05Yb0.04Lu0.01)Σ0.35Mn0.16 Zr0.11Na0.09 2+ Fe0.07Ca0.01]Σ2(Ti0.76Nb0.23Ta0.01)Σ1(Si4.03O14)O1.12F2.88, Z = 1. The crystal structure was refined on a twinned σ crystal to R1 = 2.81% on the basis of 2157 unique reflections (Fo >4 Fo) and is a framework of TS (Titanium Silicate) blocks, which consist of HOH sheets (H – heteropolyhedral, O – octahedral) parallel to (100). In the O sheet, the the [6]MO(1) site is occupied mainly by Ti, <MO(1)–j> = 1.980 Å, and the [6]MO(2) and [6]MO(3) sites are occupied by Na and Na plus minor Mn, <MO(2)–j> = 2.490 Å and <MO(3)–j>=2.378Å.IntheHsheet, the two [4]Si sites are occupied by Si, with <Si–O> = 1.623 Å; the [6]MH site is occupied by Y and rare-earth elements (Y > REE), with minor Mn, Zr, Na, Fe2+ and Ca, <MH–j> = 2.271 Å and the [6]AP site is occupied by P–j H P Ca, <A > = 2.416 Å. The M and A octahedra and Si2O7 groups constitute the H sheet. The ideal compositions of the O and two H sheets are Na3Ti(OF)F2 and Y2Ca2(Si2O7)2 apfu. Fogoite-(Y) is isostructural with götzenite and hainite. The mineral is named after the type locality, the Fogo volcano in the Azores. K EYWORDS: fogoite-(Y), crystal-structure refinement, electron microprobe analysis, chemical formula, TS-block minerals, götzenite, hainite, Group I, Fogo volcano, the Azores. *E-mail: [email protected] https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2016.080.103 © 2017 The Mineralogical Society F. CÁMARA ET AL. Introduction 25°27′29″W). Associated minerals are sanidine, astrophyllite, fluornatropyrochlore, ferrokentbrook- FOGOITE-(Y), Na3Ca2Y2Ti(Si2O7)2OF3,isa site, quartz and ferro-katophorite. Other minerals Group I TS-block mineral in accord with described from these syenite ejecta are dalyite, Sokolova (2006). The mineral is named after the chevkinite-(Ce), britholite-(Ce), eudialyte and a type locality, the Fogo volcano in the Azores. TS- låvenite-like mineral (Ridolfi et al., 2003). block (Titanium Silicate) minerals are divided into The Azores archipelago straddles the Mid-Atlantic four groups, characterized by a different topology Ridge and emerges from the Azores Platform, and stereochemistry of the TS block. The TS block (37–40°N and 25–31°W) near the North American- consists of the central O (Octahedral) sheet and African-Eurasian triple-plate junction. São Miguel is two H (Heteropolyhedral) sheets containing Si2O7 one of the eastern islands, and is divisible into six groups. In Group I, Ti (+ Nb + Zr) = 1 apfu volcanic zones (Moore, 1990): three large and O and Ti (+ Nb + Zr) occurs in the O sheet: 1 M =Ti, dominantly trachytic, Quaternary stratovolcanoes O [6],[7] H Nb, Zr; 3 M = Na, Ca and rarely Mn; M = (Sete Cidades, Agua de Pau and Furnas; Moore, P Zr, Y,Ca + REE,Ca+Y+REE, Ca, Mn; A = Na, 1991) and the Pliocene-Pleistocene northeast shield O Ca, Ca + REE; X = anions O, F, OH and H2O volcano (extinct) with its associated Povoaçao caldera groups. Sokolova (2006) wrote the general formula (Abdel-Monem et al., 1975; Fernandez, 1980) P H O O for minerals of Group I as A2M2 M4 (Si2O7)2X4 . separated by two Quaternary alkali basalt volcanic There are ten Group I minerals of known structure: fields. The Agua de Pau products (starting from fogoite-(Y), hainite, götzenite, kochite, rosen- 180 ka) range from basaltic to trachytic, and alkaline buschite, seidozerite, grenmarite, rinkite, nacare- to transitional basalt lavas erupted from the flank niobsite-(Ce) and mosandrite (Table 1). The vents. The more recent products date from 5 ka with stacking order of TS blocks in Group I structures the eruption of the trachytic Fogo-A plinian fall is of two types (for details, see Christiansen and deposit (Walker and Croasdale, 1970; Widom et al., Rønsbo, 2000): type 1 occurs in rinkite, nacar- 1992), which contains abundant syenite clasts con- eniobsite-(Ce) and mosandrite (space group P21/c) taining feldspar, arfvedsonite, augite and/or aegirine, and type 2 occurs in fogoite-(Y), hainite, götzenite, Fe-Ti oxide, zircon, pyrochlore, rare biotite and a few kochite, rosenbuschite (space group P1) and related modal percent of quartz. The youngest clasts are seidozerite and grenmarite (space group P2/c). friable syenites with miarolitic cavities and homoge- The new mineral and its name have been neous sanidine, those containing fogoite-(Y). The approved by the Commission on New Minerals, syenite clasts within the Agua de Pau plinian deposits Nomenclature and Classification, International are divisible into silica-undersaturated syenites and Mineralogical Association (IMA 2014-98). The silica-saturated/oversaturated syenites. They are holotype material is deposited in the collections of considered to be the slowly cooled equivalents of the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di the less-evolved and more-evolved trachytes in the Torino, Torino, Italy, catalogue numbers M/U shallow sub-volcanic magmatic system of Agua de 16800 and M/U 16801, and the Royal Ontario Pau. Interstitial liquids of both syenite groups, trapped Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, catalogue within a feldspathic framework, became progressively number M56826. A further sample from the enriched in volatiles, alkalis, high-field-strength same locality has been deposited at the Muséum elements and REE. In the silica-undersaturated National d’Histoire Naturelle of Paris, France, syenites (assumed to be material grown on the side- catalogue number MIN2015-003. The current walls of the magma chamber), late-stage fractionation paper reports the description and crystal structure resulted in highly peralkalic (agpaitic) residual melts of fogoite-(Y). from which the complex Zr-Ti silicates eudialyte and a låvenite-like mineral crystallized (Ridolfi et al., 2003). Occurrence Physical properties Fogoite-(Y) was found in a syenite xenolith, in the bed of the upper part of the Ribeira Grande river near Fogoite-(Y) occurs in cavities as acicular [001] prisms the ruins of Lombadas, close to Lagoa do Fogo (Lake with equant cross-sections, up to 2000 μm long and of fire), a crater lake in the Agua de Pau stratovolcano 50 μm×50μm in cross-section (Fig.
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