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Tundrite-(Ce) Na3(Ce; La)4(Ti; Nb)2(Sio4)2(CO3)3O4(OH) ² 2H2O C 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Triclinic
Tundrite-(Ce) Na3(Ce; La)4(Ti; Nb)2(SiO4)2(CO3)3O4(OH) ² 2H2O c 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Triclinic. Point Group: 1: Crystals acicular along [001] and °attened on 010 , to 3 cm; as stellate groups and spherulitic masses. Twinning: On 010 , producing f g f g pseudorhombohedra. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Pronounced on 010 . Fracture: Splintery. f g Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 3 D(meas.) = 3.70{4.12 D(calc.) = 4.06 » Optical Properties: Transparent. Color: Brownish yellow, greenish yellow to bright light green. Streak: Yellowish gray. Luster: Vitreous to adamantine. Optical Class: Biaxial (+). Pleochroism: Weak; X = pale yellow; Z = greenish yellow. Orientation: Z c = 4 {14 . ® = 1.743 ¯ = 1.80 ° = 1.88 2V(meas.) = 76 ^ ± ± ± Cell Data: Space Group: P 1: a = 7.533(4) b = 13.924(6) c = 5.010(2) ® = 99±52(2)0 ¯ = 70±50(3)0 ° = 100± 59(2)0 Z = 1 X-ray Powder Pattern: Il¶³maussaq intrusion, Greenland. 13.49 (100), 2.505 (100), 3.448 (90), 2.766 (90), 3.535 (80), 6.784 (70), 1.914 (70) Chemistry: (1) SiO2 10.03 TiO2 12.20 La2O3 8.57 Ce2O3 24.38 Nd2O3 10.25 RE2O3 5.80 Nb2O5 3.44 CaO 0.75 Na2O 8.20 CO3 16.38 Total [100.00] (1) Il¶³maussaq intrusion, Greenland; by electron microprobe, C con¯rmed by loss on ignition; original analysis given as elements, here recalculated to oxides, corresponding to Na3:17(Ce1:78Nd0:73La0:63RE0:41Ca0:16)§=3:71(Ti1:83Nb0:31)§=2:14(SiO4)2:00(CO3)3:27O4:25: Occurrence: In pegmatite veins associated with nepheline syenites. -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
First Terrestrial Occurrence of Titanium
875 Thz Caradian M fuc ralo g is t Vol.35, pp. 875-885(1997) FIRSTTERRESTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF TITANIUM.RICH PYRRHOTITE, MARCASITEAND PVRITEIN A FENITIZEDXENOLITH FROMTHE KHIBINA ALKALINE COMPLEX. RUSSIA ANDREI Y. BARKOVT nxp KAUKO V.O. LAAJOKI Irxtiruteof Geosciencesand Astrorcmy, University of Oula FIN-90570OuIW FinLand YT]RIP.MEN'SHIKOV Geological Instirute, Kola Science Cente, Russian Acadenry of Scimces, 14 Fersman Street, Apatity 1M200 , Russia TUOMO T. AI.APIETI Instituteof Geoscierrcesand Astrotnnry, University of Ouh+FN-90570 OuIu Finlnnl SEPPOJ. SryONEN Instiarcof ElcctronOptics, University of OuhaFN-90570 Ouh+ Finlnnd ABSTRACT The first terrestrial titanium-rich sulfides, the fust natural niobium-rich sulfide FeMgSe, fluorine-rich (ca. 6 wt.Vo D end-memberphlogopite (S().04 wLTo FeO) and ferroan alabandite occurlocally in aheterogeneous xenolit\ enclosed within nepheline syenite in the l(hifiaa alkalins gs6plex, Kola Peninsul4 northwestem Russia- This assemblage is exclusively associated with an alkali-feldspar-rich rock, probably fenite. Associat€d ninerals include corundum, Nb-Zr-bearing rutile and monazite. The maximum Ti content reaches 3.9 w.7o in pynhotite and 2 wt.7o in marcasite and pyrite, which represent prducts of replacement of the pynhotite. Titanium is distributed rather homogeneously within single grains of the pyrrhotite; however, a strong grain-to-gain variation is observed. The Tl-rich sulfides invariably contrin an elevated level ofvanadium (0.2-0 .4 wr.Vo).T\e results indicate that both Ti and V enter into solid solution in the sulfides. Presumably, there is an environmental similarity between the occurrences ofTl-bearing sulfides in trftibina and in meteorites (enstatite chondrites), where Tl-bearing hoilite occurs. -
Cafetite, Ca[Ti2o5](H2O): Crystal Structure and Revision of Chemical Formula
American Mineralogist, Volume 88, pages 424–429, 2003 Cafetite, Ca[Ti2O5](H2O): Crystal structure and revision of chemical formula SERGEY V. K RIVOVICHEV,1,* VICTOR N. YAKOVENCHUK,2 PETER C. BURNS,3 YAKOV A. PAKHOMOVSKY,2 AND YURY P. MENSHIKOV2 1Department of Crystallography, St. Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia 2Geological Institute, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fersmana 14, 184200-RU Apatity, Russia 3Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0767, U.S.A. ABSTRACT The crystal structure of cafetite, ideally Ca[Ti2O5](H2O), (monoclinic, P21/n, a = 4.9436(15), b = 12.109(4), c = 15.911(5) Å, b = 98.937(5)∞, V = 940.9(5) Å3, Z = 8) has been solved by direct methods and refined to R1 = 0.057 using X-ray diffraction data collected from a crystal pseudo-merohedrally twinned on (001). There are four symmetrically independent Ti cations; each is octahedrally coordi- nated by six O atoms. The coordination polyhedra around the Ti cations are strongly distorted with individual Ti-O bond lengths ranging from 1.743 to 2.223 Å (the average <Ti-O> bond length is 1.98 Å). Two symmetrically independent Ca cations are coordinated by six and eight anions for Ca1 and Ca2, respectively. The structure is based on [Ti2O5] sheets of TiO6 octahedra parallel to (001). The Ca atoms and H2O groups are located between the sheets and link them into a three-dimensional struc- ture. The structural formula of cafetite confirmed by electron microprobe analysis is Ca[Ti2O5](H2O), . -
Alphab Etical Index
ALPHAB ETICAL INDEX Names of authors are printed in SMALLCAPITALS, subjects in lower-case roman, and localities in italics; book reviews are placed at the end. ABDUL-SAMAD, F. A., THOMAS, J. H., WILLIAMS, P. A., BLASI, A., tetrahedral A1 in alkali feldspar, 465 and SYMES, R. F., lanarkite, 499 BORTNIKOV, N. S., see BRESKOVSKA, V. V., 357 AEGEAN SEA, Santorini I., iron oxide mineralogy, 89 Boulangerite, 360 Aegirine, Scotland, in trachyte, 399 BRAITHWAITE, R. S. W., and COOPER, B. V., childrenite, /~kKERBLOM, G. V., see WILSON, M. R., 233 119 ALDERTON, D. H. M., see RANKIN, A. H., 179 Braunite, mineralogy and genesis, 506 Allanite, Scotland, 445 BRESKOVSKA, V. V., MOZGOVA, N. N., BORTNIKOV, N. S., Aluminosilicate-sodalites, X-ray study, 459 GORSHKOV, A. I., and TSEPIN, A. I., ardaite, 357 Amphibole, microstructures and phase transformations, BROOKS, R. R., see WATTERS, W. A., 510 395; Greenland, 283 BULGARIA, Madjarovo deposit, ardaite, 357 Andradite, in banded iron-formation assemblage, 127 ANGUS, N. S., AND KANARIS-SOTIRIOU, R., autometa- Calcite, atomic arrangement on twin boundaries, 265 somatic gneisses, 411 CANADA, SASKATCHEWAN, uranium occurrences in Cree Anthophyllite, asbestiform, morphology and alteration, Lake Zone, 163 77 CANTERFORD, J. H., see HILL, R. J., 453 Aragonite, atomic arrangements on twin boundaries, Carbonatite, evolution and nomenclature, 13 265 CARPENTER, M. A., amphibole microstructures, 395 Ardaite, Bulgaria, new mineral, 357 Cassiterite, SW England, U content, 211 Arfvedsonite, Scotland, in trachyte, 399 Cebollite, in kimberlite, correction, 274 ARVlN, M., pumpellyite in basic igneous rocks, 427 CHANNEL ISLANDS, Guernsey, meladiorite layers, 301; ASCENSION ISLAND, RE-rich eudialyte, 421 Jersey, wollastonite and epistilbite, 504; mineralization A TKINS, F. -
Anorogenic Alkaline Granites from Northeastern Brazil: Major, Trace, and Rare Earth Elements in Magmatic and Metamorphic Biotite and Na-Ma®C Mineralsq
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 19 (2001) 375±397 www.elsevier.nl/locate/jseaes Anorogenic alkaline granites from northeastern Brazil: major, trace, and rare earth elements in magmatic and metamorphic biotite and Na-ma®c mineralsq J. Pla Cida,*, L.V.S. Nardia, H. ConceicËaÄob, B. Boninc aCurso de PoÂs-GraduacËaÄo em in GeocieÃncias UFRGS. Campus da Agronomia-Inst. de Geoc., Av. Bento GoncËalves, 9500, 91509-900 CEP RS Brazil bCPGG-PPPG/UFBA. Rua Caetano Moura, 123, Instituto de GeocieÃncias-UFBA, CEP- 40210-350, Salvador-BA Brazil cDepartement des Sciences de la Terre, Laboratoire de PeÂtrographie et Volcanologie-Universite Paris-Sud. Centre d'Orsay, Bat. 504, F-91504, Paris, France Accepted 29 August 2000 Abstract The anorogenic, alkaline silica-oversaturated Serra do Meio suite is located within the Riacho do Pontal fold belt, northeast Brazil. This suite, assumed to be Paleoproterozoic in age, encompasses metaluminous and peralkaline granites which have been deformed during the Neoproterozoic collisional event. Preserved late-magmatic to subsolidus amphiboles belong to the riebeckite±arfvedsonite and riebeckite± winchite solid solutions. Riebeckite±winchite is frequently rimmed by Ti±aegirine. Ti-aegirine cores are strongly enriched in Nb, Y, Hf, and REE, which signi®cantly decrease in concentrations towards the rims. REE patterns of Ti-aegirine are strikingly similar to Ti-pyroxenes from the IlõÂmaussaq peralkaline intrusion. Recrystallisation of mineral assemblages was associated with deformation although some original grains are still preserved. Magmatic annite was converted into magnetite and biotite with lower Fe/(Fe 1 Mg) ratios. Recrystallised amphibole is pure riebeckite. Magmatic Ti±Na-bearing pyroxene was converted to low-Ti aegirine 1 titanite ^ astrophyllite/aenigmatite. -
Petrology of Nepheline Syenite Pegmatites in the Oslo Rift, Norway: Zr and Ti Mineral Assemblages in Miaskitic and Agpaitic Pegmatites in the Larvik Plutonic Complex
MINERALOGIA, 44, No 3-4: 61-98, (2013) DOI: 10.2478/mipo-2013-0007 www.Mineralogia.pl MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF POLAND POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO MINERALOGICZNE __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Original paper Petrology of nepheline syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Rift, Norway: Zr and Ti mineral assemblages in miaskitic and agpaitic pegmatites in the Larvik Plutonic Complex Tom ANDERSEN1*, Muriel ERAMBERT1, Alf Olav LARSEN2, Rune S. SELBEKK3 1 Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1047 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo Norway; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Statoil ASA, Hydroveien 67, N-3908 Porsgrunn, Norway 3 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Sars gate 1, N-0562 Oslo, Norway * Corresponding author Received: December, 2010 Received in revised form: May 15, 2012 Accepted: June 1, 2012 Available online: November 5, 2012 Abstract. Agpaitic nepheline syenites have complex, Na-Ca-Zr-Ti minerals as the main hosts for zirconium and titanium, rather than zircon and titanite, which are characteristic for miaskitic rocks. The transition from a miaskitic to an agpaitic crystallization regime in silica-undersaturated magma has traditionally been related to increasing peralkalinity of the magma, but halogen and water contents are also important parameters. The Larvik Plutonic Complex (LPC) in the Permian Oslo Rift, Norway consists of intrusions of hypersolvus monzonite (larvikite), nepheline monzonite (lardalite) and nepheline syenite. Pegmatites ranging in composition from miaskitic syenite with or without nepheline to mildly agpaitic nepheline syenite are the latest products of magmatic differentiation in the complex. The pegmatites can be grouped in (at least) four distinct suites from their magmatic Ti and Zr silicate mineral assemblages. -
Titanite Ores of the Khibiny Apatite-Nepheline- Deposits: Selective Mining, Processing and Application for Titanosilicate Synthesis
minerals Article Titanite Ores of the Khibiny Apatite-Nepheline- Deposits: Selective Mining, Processing and Application for Titanosilicate Synthesis Lidia G. Gerasimova 1,2, Anatoly I. Nikolaev 1,2,*, Marina V. Maslova 1,2, Ekaterina S. Shchukina 1,2, Gleb O. Samburov 2, Victor N. Yakovenchuk 1 and Gregory Yu. Ivanyuk 1 1 Nanomaterials Research Centre of Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Fersman Street, Apatity 184209, Russia; [email protected] (L.G.G.); [email protected] (M.V.M.); [email protected] (E.S.S.); [email protected] (V.N.Y.); [email protected] (G.Y.I.) 2 Tananaev Institute of Chemistry of Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26a Fersman Street, Apatity 184209, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-815-557-9231 Received: 4 September 2018; Accepted: 10 October 2018; Published: 12 October 2018 Abstract: Geological setting and mineral composition of (apatite)-nepheline-titanite ore from the Khibiny massif enable selective mining of titanite ore, and its processing with sulfuric-acid method, without preliminary concentration in flotation cells. In this process flow diagram, titanite losses are reduced by an order of magnitude in comparison with a conventional flotation technology. Further, dissolution of titanite in concentrated sulfuric acid produces titanyl sulfate, which, in turn, is a precursor for titanosilicate synthesis. In particular, synthetic analogues of the ivanyukite group minerals, SIV, was synthesized with hydrothermal method from the composition based on titanyl-sulfate, and assayed as a selective cation-exchanger for Cs and Sr. -
Chemical Composition and Petrogenetic Implications of Eudialyte-Group Mineral in the Peralkaline Lovozero Complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia
minerals Article Chemical Composition and Petrogenetic Implications of Eudialyte-Group Mineral in the Peralkaline Lovozero Complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia Lia Kogarko 1,* and Troels F. D. Nielsen 2 1 Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia 2 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 23 September 2020; Accepted: 16 November 2020; Published: 20 November 2020 Abstract: Lovozero complex, the world’s largest layered peralkaline intrusive complex hosts gigantic deposits of Zr-, Hf-, Nb-, LREE-, and HREE-rich Eudialyte Group of Mineral (EGM). The petrographic relations of EGM change with time and advancing crystallization up from Phase II (differentiated complex) to Phase III (eudialyte complex). EGM is anhedral interstitial in all of Phase II which indicates that EGM nucleated late relative to the main rock-forming and liquidus minerals of Phase II. Saturation in remaining bulk melt with components needed for nucleation of EGM was reached after the crystallization about 85 vol. % of the intrusion. Early euhedral and idiomorphic EGM of Phase III crystalized in a large convective volume of melt together with other liquidus minerals and was affected by layering processes and formation of EGM ore. Consequently, a prerequisite for the formation of the ore deposit is saturation of the alkaline bulk magma with EGM. It follows that the potential for EGM ores in Lovozero is restricted to the parts of the complex that hosts cumulus EGM. Phase II with only anhedral and interstitial EGM is not promising for this type of ore. -
Thirty-Fourth List of New Mineral Names
MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, DECEMBER 1986, VOL. 50, PP. 741-61 Thirty-fourth list of new mineral names E. E. FEJER Department of Mineralogy, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD THE present list contains 181 entries. Of these 148 are Alacranite. V. I. Popova, V. A. Popov, A. Clark, valid species, most of which have been approved by the V. O. Polyakov, and S. E. Borisovskii, 1986. Zap. IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, 115, 360. First found at Alacran, Pampa Larga, 17 are misspellings or erroneous transliterations, 9 are Chile by A. H. Clark in 1970 (rejected by IMA names published without IMA approval, 4 are variety because of insufficient data), then in 1980 at the names, 2 are spelling corrections, and one is a name applied to gem material. As in previous lists, contractions caldera of Uzon volcano, Kamchatka, USSR, as are used for the names of frequently cited journals and yellowish orange equant crystals up to 0.5 ram, other publications are abbreviated in italic. sometimes flattened on {100} with {100}, {111}, {ill}, and {110} faces, adamantine to greasy Abhurite. J. J. Matzko, H. T. Evans Jr., M. E. Mrose, lustre, poor {100} cleavage, brittle, H 1 Mono- and P. Aruscavage, 1985. C.M. 23, 233. At a clinic, P2/c, a 9.89(2), b 9.73(2), c 9.13(1) A, depth c.35 m, in an arm of the Red Sea, known as fl 101.84(5) ~ Z = 2; Dobs. 3.43(5), D~alr 3.43; Sharm Abhur, c.30 km north of Jiddah, Saudi reflectances and microhardness given. -
New Mineral Names*
AmericanMineralogM, Volume66, pages 1099-l103,IgEI NEW MINERAL NAMES* LouIs J. Cetnt, MrcHeer FtnrscHnn AND ADoLF Pnssr Aldermanlter Choloallte. I. R. Harrowficl4 E. R. Segnitand J. A. Watts (1981)Alderman- S. A. Williams (1981)Choloalite, CuPb(TeO3)z .HrO, a ncw min- ite, a ncw magnesiumalrrminum phosphate.Mineral. Mag.44, eral. Miaeral. Mag. 44, 55-51. 59-62. Choloalite was probably first found in Arabia, then at the Mina Aldermanite o@urs as minute, very thin" talc-likc crystallitcs La Oriental, Moctczuma, Sonora (the typc locality), and finally at with iuellite and other secondaryphosphates in the Moculta rock Tombstone, Arizona. Only thc Tombstone material provides para- phosphatc deposit near thc basc of Lower Cambrisn limestone genetic information. In this material choloalite occurs with cerus- close to Angaston, ca. 60 km NE of Adelaide. Microprobc analy- site, emmonsite and rodalquilarite in severcly brecciated shale that si.q supplcmented by gravimetric water determination gave MgO has been replaced by opal and granular jarosite. Wet chcmical E.4,CaO 1.2, AJ2O328.4, P2O5 25.9, H2O 36.1%,(totat 100),lead- analysisofcholoalitc from the type locality gave CuO 11.0,PbO ing to the formula Mg5Als2(POa)s(OH)zz.zH2O,where n = 32. 33.0,TeO2 50.7, H2O 3.4,total 98.1%,correspolding closcly to thc Thc powder diffraction pattern, taken with a Guinier camera, can formula in the titlc. Powder pattems of thc mineral from thc three be indexed on an orthorhombic. ccll with a = 15.000(7), D = localities can bc indexcd on the basis of a cubic ccll with a : 8.330(6),c - 26.60(l)A, Z = 2,D alc.2.15 from assumedcell con- l2.5l9A for the material from Mina La Oriental, Z: l2,D c,alc. -
JOURNAL the Russell Society
JOURNAL OF The Russell Society Volume 20, 2017 www.russellsoc.org JOURNAL OF THE RUSSELL SOCIETY The journal of British Isles topographical mineralogy EDITOR Dr Malcolm Southwood 7 Campbell Court, Warrandyte, Victoria 3113, Australia. ([email protected]) JOURNAL MANAGER Frank Ince 78 Leconfield Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3SQ. EDITORIAL BOARD R.E. Bevins, Cardiff, U.K. M.T. Price, OUMNH, Oxford, U.K. R.S.W. Braithwaite, Manchester, U.K. M.S. Rumsey, NHM, London, U.K. A. Dyer, Hoddlesden, Darwen, U.K. R.E. Starkey, Bromsgrove, U.K. N.J. Elton, St Austell, U.K. P.A. Williams, Kingswood, Australia. I.R. Plimer, Kensington Gardens, S. Australia. Aims and Scope: The Journal publishes refereed articles by both amateur and professional mineralogists dealing with all aspects of mineralogy relating to the British Isles. Contributions are welcome from both members and non-members of the Russell Society. Notes for contributors can be found at the back of this issue, on the Society website (www.russellsoc.org) or obtained from the Editor or Journal Manager. Subscription rates: The Journal is free to members of the Russell Society. The non-member subscription rates for this volume are: UK £13 (including P&P) and Overseas £15 (including P&P). Enquiries should be made to the Journal Manager at the above address. Back numbers of the Journal may also be ordered through the Journal Manager. The Russell Society: named after the eminent amateur mineralogist Sir Arthur Russell (1878–1964), is a society of amateur and professional mineralogists which encourages the study, recording and conservation of mineralogical sites and material.