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49 Good Environmental Practices in Bioenergy Feedstock Production 49 In order to ensure that modern bioenergy on biodiversity and ecosystems, which development is sustainable and that it provide a range of goods and services Good Environmental safeguards food security, a number of good that are key for food security. practices can be implemented throughout The good practices compiled in the ASSESSMENT the bioenergy supply chain. BEFSCI report are divided into three Practices in Bioenergy Building on FAO’s work on good practices in main groups. The first group is comprised AND agriculture and forestry, the FAO’s Bioenergy and of agricultural management approaches (namely Feedstock Production Food Security Criteria and Indicators (BEFSCI) project Ecosystem Approach, Conservation Agriculture and has compiled a set of good environmental practices that Organic Agriculture), which provide comprehensive and can be implemented by bioenergy feedstock producers so holistic frameworks and principles of sustainable agriculture. as to minimize the risk of negative environmental impacts The second group consists of integrated, sustainable from their operations, and to ensure that modern bioenergy agricultural and forestry management systems, namely delivers on its climate change mitigation potential. Agroforestry, Integrated Food-Energy Systems, and Multiple Making Bioenergy Work for MONITORING These practices can improve both the efficiency and Cropping Systems and Crop Rotation. The third and last sustainability in the use of land, water and agricultural inputs group includes a broad range of field-level agricultural and Climate and Food Security ] for bioenergy production, with positive environmental and forestry practices that can be implemented on the ground socio-economic effects, including a reduction in the potential by bioenergy feedstock producers, such as No- or Minimum competition with food production. These practices can also Tillage, Integrated Pest Management, and Integrated Plant minimize the impacts of bioenergy feedstock production Nutrient Management. ENERGY [ !rt Climate, Energy and Tenure Division (NRC) publications Series: www.fao.org/climatechange/61878 Working papers: www.fao.org/climatechange/61879 NRC Contact: [email protected] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) ENVIRONMENT CLIMATE CHANGE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT WORKING PAPER www.fao.org ISBN 978-92-5-107148-9 FAO 9 789251 071489 I2596E/1/01.12 Background image in this page elaborated from “L’Encyclopédie Diderot et D’Alembert” Other images: Photo credits (left to right): ©FAO/Alberto Conti ©FAO/Caroline Thomas ©FAO/Peter DiCampo ©FAO/Caroline Thomas ©FAO/Giuseppe Bizzarri ©FAO/Alberto Conti ©FAO/Jon Spaull Copies of FAO publications can be requested from Sales and Marketing Group Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla - 00153 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (+39) 06 57053360 Web site: http://www.fao.org/icatalog/inter-e.htm Environment and Natural Resources series design: [email protected], 2004 49 Good Environmental Practices in Bioenergy Feedstock Production MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT Making Bioenergy Work for Climate and Food Security ENERGY [] Edited by Andrea Rossi ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT WORKING PAPER ENVIRONMENT CLIMATE CHANGE ENVIRONMENT CLIMATE Bioenergy and Food Security Criteria and Indicators project Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) ] BIOENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY [ The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-107148-9 All rights reserved. FAO encourages reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. © FAO 2012 II FOREWORD The global demand for modern bioenergy, and especially liquid biofuels, is rapidly growing, driven mainly by climate change mitigation policies and increasing oil prices. This creates both opportunities and risks for developing countries. On the one hand, modern bioenergy development can boost both agricultural and rural development by raising agricultural productivity, creating new employment and income-generating opportunities, and improving access to modern energy services in rural areas. On the other hand, if not properly managed, modern bioenergy development can trigger a number of negative environmental and socio-economic impacts, for instance by putting pressure on key resources such as land and water. The environmental and socio-economic sustainability of modern bioenergy has been highly debated over the past few years. One of the most controversial issues that has dominated this debate is the relationship between bioenergy and food security. In order to shed light on this complex issue and help policy-makers understand and manage the risks and opportunities for food security associated with various bioenergy development pathways, the Bioenergy and Food Security (BEFS) project of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations developed an Analytical Framework and a toolbox, which are being implemented in several countries. Building on this work, FAO’s Bioenergy and Food Security Criteria and Indicators (BEFSCI) project has developed a set of criteria, indicators, good practices and policy options on sustainable bioenergy development that foster rural development and food security. BEFSCI aims to inform the development of national frameworks aimed at preventing the risk of negative impacts – and increasing the opportunities – of bioenergy development on food security, and help developing countries monitor and respond to the impacts of bioenergy development on food security. In order to ensure that modern bioenergy development is sustainable and that it safeguards food security, a number of good practices can be implemented throughout the bioenergy supply chain. Drawing from FAO’s work on good practices in agriculture and forestry, the BEFSCI project has compiled a set of good environmental practices that bioenergy feedstock producers can adopt in order to minimize the risk of negative environmental impacts from their operations and to ensure that modern bioenergy delivers on its climate change mitigation potential. These practices can improve the efficiency and sustainability in the use of land, water and agricultural inputs for bioenergy production, thus reducing the potential competition with food production. Although the focus of this report is on bioenergy, the practices described in it are relevant for any agricultural and forestry production, regardless of the use of the feedstocks. Alexander Müller Assistant Director-General Natural Resources Management and Environment Department FAO III ] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared under the overall supervision of Heiner Thofern, Senior Natural Resources Management Officer, and the technical supervision of Andrea Rossi, Natural Resources Management Officer, of the Climate, Energy and Tenure Division (NRC). We would like to thank the many FAO colleagues who provided advice, insights, and comments throughout the development of this report including Elizabeth Beall, Jim Carle, Romina Cavatassi, Theodor Friedrich, Sophie Grouwels, Barbara Herren, Walter Kollert, Cesare Pacini, Anne Sophie Poisot, Pilar Santacoloma, and Nadia Scialabba. We would also like to thank Alessandro Flammini, Laura Perugini and Stephanie Vertecchi for their assistance in the finalization of this document. The work was carried out in the context of the Bioenergy and Food Security Criteria and Indicators (BEFSCI) project (GCP/INT/081/GER) funded by the German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV). BIOENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY [ Good Environmental Practices in Bioenergy Feedstock Production - Making Bioenergy Work for Climate and Food Security Edited by Andrea Rossi 225 pages, 5 figures, and 2 tables Environment and Natural Resources Working Paper No.49 – FAO, Rome, 2012 Keywords: Good practices, agriculture, forestry, bioenergy, biofuels, food security, sustainability, soil quality, water availability and quality, biodiversity, agrobiodiversity, climate change mitigation, agricultural productivity, income, agricultural inputs, farmers development, access to energy, human health and safety.
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