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PREFERENCIAS ALIMENTICIAS Y DISPERSIÓN DE SEMILLAS POR GRUPOS SILVESTRES DEL TITÍ CABECIBLANCO (Saguinus Oedipus, Primates) EN UN BOSQUE SECO TROPICAL

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PREFERENCIAS ALIMENTICIAS Y DISPERSIÓN DE SEMILLAS POR GRUPOS SILVESTRES DEL TITÍ CABECIBLANCO (Saguinus Oedipus, Primates) EN UN BOSQUE SECO TROPICAL PREFERENCIAS ALIMENTICIAS Y DISPERSIÓN DE SEMILLAS POR GRUPOS SILVESTRES DEL TITÍ CABECIBLANCO (Saguinus oedipus, Primates) EN UN BOSQUE SECO TROPICAL EDDER FRANCISCO GARCIA CASTILLO Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Institito de Ciencias Naturales Bogotá, Colombia 2016 PREFERENCIAS ALIMENTICIAS Y DISPERSIÓN DE SEMILLAS POR GRUPOS SILVESTRES DEL TITÍ CABECIBLANCO (Saguinus oedipus, Primates) EN UN BOSQUE SECO TROPICAL EDDER FRANCISCO GARCÍA CASTILLO Tesis o trabajo de investigación presentada(o) como requisito parcial para optar al título de: M.Sc. Biología Director (a): Jesús Orlando Rangel Ch. Título (N,) . Línea de Investigación: Manejo y Conservación en Vida Silvestre Grupo de Investigación: Biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad, de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Bogotá, Colombia 2016 A Camila Alejandra Motor Constante de mis Sueños y Realidades A mis Padres Ibeth y Diego Artífices de todos mis logros Resumen y Abstract VII Agradecimientos A mi familia por su continuo e incondicional apoyo económico y moral durante todo el tiempo de la investigación. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, por el apoyo logístico e investigativo Grupo de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, por el apoyo económico y logístico. Grupo de Conservación y Manejo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, por el apoyo logístico e investigativo Fundación Proyecto Titi, por el apoyo económico y logístico Fundación Mi Naturaleza Colombiana por el apoyo económico y logístico A la Hacienda El Ceibal por el apoyo logístico Al Corregimiento de Los Límites (Bolívar) por su apoyo continuo durante el desarrollo del estudio A Lino Olivares Elles por compartir sus conocimientos, enseñanzas, compañía y su incondicional apoyo durante todo el tiempo de la investigación. A los investigadores de la Fundación Proyecto Tití, Anne Savage, Luis Hernando Soto, Constanza la Rotta, Félix Medina, por el apoyo en campo y por las continuas enseñanzas. A los profesores Orlando Rangel, Jaime Aguirre, Pedro Sánchez, Hugo López, Olga Montenegro, Thomas Defler de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y Pablo Stevenson de la Universidad de los Andes por sus aportes continuos e incondicionales durante el desarrollo del trabajo A IDEA WILD por el apoyo económico y logístico para el desarrollo de la investigación VIII Preferencias Alimenticias y Dispersión de Semillas por Grupos Silvestres del Tití Cabeciblanco (Saguinus oedipus, Primates) en un Bosque Seco Tropical Tabla de contenido 1. Capítulo 1: ................................................................................................................. 23 GENERALIDADES ........................................................................................................... 23 1.1 Justificación ........................................................................................................ 23 1.2 Objetivo general ................................................................................................. 24 1.3 Objetivos específicos ......................................................................................... 24 1.4 Marco conceptual ............................................................................................... 24 1.4.1 Dispersión de semillas: .................................................................................... 25 1.4.2 Preferencias alimenticias ................................................................................. 27 2. Capítulo 2: METODOLOGIA ..................................................................................... 31 2.1 Área de estudio .................................................................................................. 31 2.2 Observación y seguimiento de grupos ............................................................... 35 2.3 Composición de Grupos ..................................................................................... 37 2.4 Determinación de las áreas de acción: .............................................................. 37 2.5 Abundancia de frutos: ........................................................................................ 37 2.6 Preferencias alimenticias ................................................................................... 38 2.7 Tiempo de consumo de frutos ............................................................................ 38 2.8 Recolección de heces y cuantificación de semillas ........................................... 38 2.9 Dispersión de semillas Cuantificación e identificación de semillas en las heces: 39 2.10 Distancias de dispersión: ................................................................................... 39 3. Capítulo 3: RESULTADOS Y ANÁLISIS .................................................................. 41 3.1 Observación y seguimiento de grupos: .............................................................. 41 3.1.1 Año 2000: ........................................................................................................ 43 3.1.2 Año 2001: ........................................................................................................ 43 3.1.3 Año 2002 ......................................................................................................... 44 3.1.4 Año 2003: ........................................................................................................ 45 3.1.5 Año 2004: ........................................................................................................ 45 3.2 Composición de Grupos: .................................................................................... 47 3.3 Areas de Acción: ................................................................................................ 48 3.3.1 Diagramas de las Áreas de Dominio Vital para los Grupos de Tities : ............ 49 3.4 Preferencias Alimenticias: .................................................................................. 51 3.4.1 Especies vegetales consumidas por el titi cabeciblanco: ................................ 51 3.4.2 Tiempo y frecuencia de consumo de frutos: ................................................... 54 3.4.3 Tiempo de Alimentación de cada grupo: ........................................................ 54 3.4.4 Preferencias alimenticias en el año 2000: ....................................................... 55 3.4.5 Algunas especies de plantas consumidas por los titíes cabeciblancos: ......... 58 Contenido IX 3.4.6 Estacionalidad en el consumo año 2000: ....................................................... 60 3.4.7 Preferencias alimenticias en el año 2001: ...................................................... 67 3.4.8 Estacionalidad en el consumo año 2001: ....................................................... 68 3.4.9 Preferencias Alimenticias Año 2002 ............................................................... 73 3.4.10 Comparación de especies consumidas en verano 2000 – 2001 - 2002: ....... 77 3.4.11 Preferencias Alimenticias año 2003: ............................................................... 83 3.4.12 Preferencias Alimenticias Año 2004: .............................................................. 87 4. Conclusiones y recomendaciones ......................................................................... 88 4.1 Conclusiones Preferencias Alimenticias: ........................................................... 88 4.2 Conclusiones Preferencias Dispersión de Semillas: ........................................ 92 X Preferencias Alimenticias y Dispersión de Semillas por Grupos Silvestres del Tití Cabeciblanco (Saguinus oedipus, Primates) en un Bosque Seco Tropical Tabla de figuras Fígura 1. Distribución de Saguinus oedipus ....................................................................... 32 Figura 2. Hacienda El Ceibal. Bolívar ................................................................................. 33 Figura 3.Vegetación Hacienda El Ceibal ............................................................................ 34 Figura 4.Seguimiento por radiotelemetria .......................................................................... 36 Figura 5. Identificación de titíes para observaciones ......................................................... 37 Figura 6. Recolección de heces con semillas .................................................................... 39 Figura 7. Sistema de trochas Hacienda El Ceibal .............................................................. 42 Figura 8. Diagrama áreas de dominio vital en la Hacienda El Ceibal ................................ 42 Figura 9. Tiempo en horas de observación de titíes año 2000 .......................................... 43 Figura 10. Tiempo en horas de observación de titíes año 2001 ........................................ 44 Figura 11. Tiempo en horas de observación de titíes año 2002 ........................................ 44 Figura 12. Tiempo en horas. Observación de titíes año 2003 ........................................... 45 Figura 13.Tiempo en horas de observación de titíes año 2004 ......................................... 46 Figura 14. Tiempos totales de observación del los titíes Hacienda El Ceibal .................... 46 Figura 15. Superposición entre las Area de Dominio Vital de los grupos de titíes observados ........................................................................................................................
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