Adquisición Y Representación Del Conocimiento Mediante Procesamiento Del Lenguaje Natural

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Adquisición Y Representación Del Conocimiento Mediante Procesamiento Del Lenguaje Natural TESIS DOCTORAL CON MENCIÓN INTERNACIONAL Adquisición y representación del conocimiento mediante procesamiento del lenguaje natural Doctorando: Milagros FERNÁNDEZ GAVILANES Directores: Dr. Manuel VILARES FERRO Dr. Éric VILLEMONTE DE LA CLERGERIE A Coruña, Octubre 2012 TESIS DOCTORAL: Adquisición y representación del conocimiento mediante procesa- miento del lenguaje natural AUTOR: Milagros Fernández Gavilanes DIRECTORES: Dr. Manuel Vilares Ferro Dr. Éric Villemonte de la Clergerie TUTOR: Dr.MiguelÁngelAlonsoPardo FECHA: 9deOctubrede2012 TRIBUNAL: PRESIDENTE: VOCAL 1O : VOCAL 2O : VOCAL 3O : SECRETARIO: CALIFICACIÓN: Agradecimientos Es difícil entender la importancia de los agradecimientos de una tesis doctoral hasta queuna no la finaliza. En ese momentoes cuando te das cuenta de lo mucho que tienes que agradecer. Seguramente que cuando termine de escribirlos me falten muchos nombres, pero todos los que aquí aparecen tienen un hueco merecido. Es difícil resumir la gratitud que siento hacia las personas que han estado presentes en esta etapa. Sin el apoyo, tanto profesional como personal de los que aquí aparecen, este trabajo no hubiese llegado a ser realidad. Podría retocar estas líneas millones de veces, pero el significado final seguiría siendo el mismo. Sea como sea, simplemente gracias. Especial reconocimiento merecen las dos personas sin las cuales esta tesis no hubiese tenido razón de ser. Éstos son mis directores. Al Dr. Manuel Vilares, tengo que agradecerle que me haya abierto las puertas de su grupo, dándome la oportunidad de tener una visión más amplia del mundo de la investigación. Pero sobre todo darle las gracias por su paciencia infinita y por sus sabios consejos, que aunque crea que no, siempre están presentes. Al Dr. Éric Villemonte de la Clergerie, gracias por permitirme realizar esa primera estancia. Ahí empezó todo. Luego vendrían más. Nunca olvidaré el recibimiento por parte de los integrantes del que en otros tiempos fue el grupo ATOLL, ya hoy grupo ALPAGE. Todos ellos de algún modo han puesto su granito de arena. A ambos tengo que agradecerles todo lo que he aprendido en este proceso, pero sobre todo el apoyo recibido a lo largo de estos años. El ambiente de trabajo en el cual se ha desarrollado esta tesis es responsabilidad de mis compañeros de laboratorio del grupo COLE. Gracias a todos ellos, a los que han estado desde el principio (Víctor y Fran), a los que pasaron por aquí (Juan, Moli, Sara, Erica, Nieves, Vanesa, Gonzalo, Cristina y Josefina) y, también a los que han ido llegando a lo largo de estos años (Daniel, Santi y Adrián). Concretamente, un agradecimiento muy especial a Adrián por ayudarme en la etapa final de pruebas. Sin él aún no hubiese terminado ;-) . I Gracias también a todos los integrantes del grupo LYS, por recibirme con los brazos abiertos, en especial a Miguel, Jesús y Jorge. En esa etapa de docencia, nunca me pusieron ningún inconveniente en lo que a horario se refiere y es de agradecer. A Margarita le debo la preocupación, siempre ha estado pendiente de saber como lo llevaba. Y a Carlos, algún día el 3D llegará a estos grafos. A mis padres Julia y Eladio, qué decirles. No tengo palabras. Ellos son los responsables de lo que soy. Gracias por no haberme detenido nunca en el ansia por estudiar, aprender y trabajar en aquéllo que me gusta. Gracias por animarme siempre a seguir adelante y aguantar, con infinita paciencia, mis continuos cambios de humor durante este tiempo. Gracias por estar siempre ahí. A David, mil gracias por haberme hecho la vida más fácil, estando a mi lado, en los buenos y malos momentos, animándome siempre a continuar. Le doy las gracias por todos los esfuerzos que ha hecho, por haberme hecho creer cada día que podía hacerlo, por toda su ayuda, aunque a veces no entendiese nada. Pero principalmente, gracias por hacerme feliz. Y una lista infinita de nombres: a toda mi familia, del primero al último, que siempre se han preocupado de alguna u otra manera por saber como estaba. A las personas que, aunque no aparecen aquí con nombres y apellidos, han estado presentes de alguna forma durante el desarrollo de este trabajo y han hecho posible que hoy vea la luz. A todos, mi eterno agradecimiento. II Resumen corto Este trabajo introduce un marco para la recuperación de información combinando el procesamiento del lenguaje natural y conocimiento de un dominio, abordando la totalidad del proceso de creación, gestión e interrogación de una colección documental. La perspectiva empleada integra automáticamente conocimiento lingüístico en un modelo formal de representación semántica, directamente manejable por el sistema. Ello permite la construcción de algoritmos que simplifican las tareas de mantenimiento, proporcionan un acceso más flexible al usuario no especializado, y eliminan componentes subjetivas que lleven a comportamientos difícilmente predecibles. La adquisición de conocimientos lingüísticos parte de un análisis de dependencias basado en un formalismo gramatical suavemente dependiente del contexto. Conjugamos de este modo eficacia computacional y potencia expresiva. La interpretación formal de la semántica descansa en la noción de grafo conceptual, sirviendo de base para la representación de la colección y para las consultas que la interrogan. En este contexto, la propuesta resuelve la generación automática de estas representaciones a partir del conocimiento lingüístico adquirido de los textos y constituyen el punto de partida para su indexación. Luego, se utilizan operaciones sobre grafos así como el principio de proyección y generalización para calcular y ordenar las respuestas, de tal manera que se considere la imprecisión intrínseca y el carácter incompleto de la recuperación. Además, el aspecto visual de los grafos permiten la construcción de interfaces de usuario amigables, conciliando precisión e intuición en su gestión. En este punto, la propuesta también engloba un marco de pruebas formales. I Resumo curto Este traballo introduce un marco para a recuperación de información combinando procesamento da linguaxe natural e o coñecemento dun dominio, abordando a totalidade do proceso de creación, xestión e interrogación dunha colección documental. A perspectiva empregada integra automáticamente coñecementos lingüísticos nun modelo formal de representación semántica, directamente manexable polo sistema. Isto permite a construción de algoritmos que simplifican as tarefas de mantemento, proporcionan un acceso máis flexible ao usuario non especializado, e eliminan compoñentes subxectivos que levan a comportamentos difícilmente predicibles. A adquisición de coñecementos lingüísticos parte duhna análise de dependencias basada nun formalismo gramatical suavemente dependente do contexto. Conxugamos deste modo eficacia computacional e potencia expresiva. A interpretación formal da semántica descansa na noción de grafo conceptual, servindo de base para a representación da colección e para as consultas que a interrogan. Neste contexto, a proposta resolve a xeración automática destas representacións a partires do coñecemento lingüístico adquirido dos textos e constitúe o punto de partida para a súa indexación. Logo, empréganse operacións sobre grafos así como o principio de proxección e xeneralización para calcular e ordenar as respostas, de tal maneira que se considere a imprecisión intrínseca e o carácter incompleto da recuperación. Ademáis, o aspecto visual dos grafos permiten a construción de interfaces de usuario amigables, conciliando precisión e intuición na súa xestión. Neste punto, a proposta tamén engloba un marco de probas formais. III Short abstract This thesis introduces a framework for information retrieval combining natural language processing and a domain knowledge, dealing with the whole process of creation, management and interrogation of a documental collection. The perspective used integrates automatically linguistic knowledge in a formal model of semantic representation directly manageable by the system. This allows the construction of algorithms that simplify maintenance tasks, provide more flexible access to non-specialist user, and eliminate subjective components that lead to hardly predictable behavior. The linguistic knowledge adquisition starts from a dependency parse based on a midly context-sensitive grammatical formalism. In this way, we combine computational efficiency and expressive power. The formal interpretation of the semantics is based on the notion of conceptual graph, providing a basis for the representation of the collection and for queries that interrogate. In this context, the proposal addresses the automatic generation of these representations from linguistic knowledge acquired from texts and constitute the starting point for indexing. Then operations on graphs are used and the principle of projection and generalization to calculate and manage replies, so that is considered the inherent inaccuracy and incompleteness of the recovery. In addition, the visual aspect of graphs allow the construction of user-friendly interfaces, balancing precision and intuition in management. At this point, the proposal also includes a framework for formal testing. V Índice general I Preliminares 1 1. Introducción 3 1.1. Contribucióndelapropuesta . .. 6 1.1.1. Desarrollo del marco de RI ..................... 6 1.1.2. Evaluación del marco de RI .................... 8 1.2. Ámbitodelatesis.............................. 9 2. Estado del arte 13 2.1. Indexaciónsemántica . 14 2.2. Estrategiadeordenación . 18 2.3. Evaluaciónde la recuperación de la información . .......
Recommended publications
  • Flora Composition, Structure and Diversity in the Kimbi Fungom National Park, North West Region, Cameroon
    Vol. 11(1), pp. 1-13, January 2019 DOI: 10.5897/JENE2018.0735 Article Number: 27553D160148 ISSN 2006-9847 Copyright © 2019 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article Journal of Ecology and The Natural Environment http://www.academicjournals.org/JENE Full Length Research Paper Flora composition, structure and diversity in the Kimbi Fungom National Park, North West Region, Cameroon Amos Fang Zeh*, Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi, Melle Ekane Maurice Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon. Received 22 December, 2018; Accepted 21 January, 2019 The Kimbi Fungom National Park is reported to be relatively less diverse compared to other national parks of Cameroon. This might be due to the configuration of the landscape and habitat types. The main objective of this study is to determine the species composition, structure and diversity in the heterogeneous landscape of the Kimbi Fungom National Park defined by different habitat types. The park was divided into 20 blocks and 10 blocks were randomly selected for this flora survey. In each block, a 1 km line transect was established with 5 quadrates of 20 × 20 m. These transects were laid to cut across four major vegetation types (lowland rainforest, gallery forest, woodland and grassland savanna). A total of 2831 stems 1 cm circumference were identified and measured. This belongs to 222 species, in 54 families. Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae were found to be the most dominant plant families. Tree density and basal area were lowest in the grassland while it was highest in the lowland forest. Species composition and diversity varied with vegetation type and landscape configuration.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventaire Et Analyse Chimique Des Exsudats Des Plantes D'utilisation Courante Au Congo-Brazzaville
    Inventaire et analyse chimique des exsudats des plantes d’utilisation courante au Congo-Brazzaville Arnold Murphy Elouma Ndinga To cite this version: Arnold Murphy Elouma Ndinga. Inventaire et analyse chimique des exsudats des plantes d’utilisation courante au Congo-Brazzaville. Chimie analytique. Université Paris Sud - Paris XI; Université Marien- Ngouabi (Brazzaville), 2015. Français. NNT : 2015PA112023. tel-01269459 HAL Id: tel-01269459 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01269459 Submitted on 5 Feb 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE MARIEN NGOUABI UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SUD ÉCOLE DOCTORALE 470: CHIMIE DE PARIS SUD Laboratoire d’Etude des Techniques et d’Instruments d’Analyse Moléculaire (LETIAM) THÈSE DE DOCTORAT CHIMIE par Arnold Murphy ELOUMA NDINGA INVENTAIRE ET ANALYSE CHIMIQUE DES EXSUDATS DES PLANTES D’UTILISATION COURANTE AU CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE Date de soutenance : 27/02/2015 Directeur de thèse : M. Pierre CHAMINADE, Professeur des Universités (France) Co-directeur de thèse : M. Jean-Maurille OUAMBA, Professeur Titulaire CAMES (Congo) Composition du jury : Président : M. Alain TCHAPLA, Professeur Emérite, Université Paris-Sud Rapporteurs : M. Zéphirin MOULOUNGUI, Directeur de Recherche INRA, INP-Toulouse M. Ange Antoine ABENA, Professeur Titulaire CAMES, Université Marien Ngouabi Examinateurs : M.
    [Show full text]
  • Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae) Reveals No Significant Past 4 Fragmentation of Their Distribution Ranges
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/730911; this version posted August 9, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 TITLE : 2 Population genomics of the widespread African savannah trees Afzelia africana and 3 Afzelia quanzensis (Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae) reveals no significant past 4 fragmentation of their distribution ranges 5 AUTHORS : 6 7 Armel S.L. Donkpegan1,2,3*, Rosalía Piñeiro4,5, Myriam Heuertz6, Jérôme Duminil2,7,8, Kasso 8 Daïnou 1,2,9, Jean-Louis Doucet1 and Olivier J. Hardy2 9 10 11 AFFILIATIONS : 12 13 14 1 University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Management of Forest Resources, Tropical 15 Forestry, TERRA, 2 Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium 16 17 2 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de 18 Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 19 20 3 UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France 21 22 4 University of Exeter, Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Stocker road, 23 EX44QD, Exeter, UK 24 25 5 Evolutionary Genomics, Centre for Geogenetics - Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster 26 Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark 27 28 6 Biogeco, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 69 route d’Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France 29 30 7 DIADE, IRD, Univ Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France.
    [Show full text]
  • English Cop17 Inf. 47 (English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais)
    Original language: English CoP17 Inf. 47 (English only / Únicamente en inglés / Seulement en anglais) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA Seventeenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Johannesburg (South Africa), 24 September – 5 October 2016 TRADE STUDY OF SELECTED EAST AFRICAN TIMBER PRODUCTION SPECIES This document has been submitted by Germany* in relation to agenda items 62, 77 and 88. * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. CoP17 Inf. 47 – p. 1 Anthony B. Cunningham Trade study of selected east African timber production species BfN-Skripten 445 2016 Trade study of selected east African timber production species Handelsstudie zu ostafrikanischen Holzarten (FKZ 3514 53 2003) Anthony B. Cunnigham Cover picture: A worker of a sawmill in front of Dalbergia melanoxylon logs in Montepuez/Mozambique (A.B. Cunningham) Author’s address: Dr. Anthony B. Cunningham Cunningham Consultancy WA Pty Ltd. 2 Tapper Street Au-6162 Fremantle E-Mail: [email protected] Scientific Supervision at BfN: Dr. Daniel Wolf Division II 1.2 “Plant Conservation“ This publication is included in the literature database “DNL-online” (www.dnl-online.de) BfN-Skripten are not available in book trade. Publisher: Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) Federal Agency for Nature Conservation Konstantinstrasse 110 53179 Bonn, Germany URL: http://www.bfn.de The publisher takes no guarantee for correctness, details and completeness of statements and views in this report as well as no guarantee for respecting private rights of third parties.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity, Above-Ground Biomass, and Vegetation Patterns in a Tropical Dry Forest in Kimbi-Fungom National Park, Cameroon
    Heliyon 6 (2020) e03290 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Heliyon journal homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon Research article Diversity, above-ground biomass, and vegetation patterns in a tropical dry forest in Kimbi-Fungom National Park, Cameroon Moses N. Sainge a,*, Felix Nchu b, A. Townsend Peterson c a Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 8000, South Africa b Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa c Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Research highlights: This study is one of few detailed analyses of plant diversity and vegetation patterns in African Ecological restoration dry forests. We established permanent plots to characterize plant diversity, above-ground biomass, and vegetation Flora patterns in a tropical dry forest in Kimbi-Fungom National Park, Cameroon. Our results contribute to long-term Environmental assessment monitoring, predictions, and management of dry forest ecosystems, which are often vulnerable to anthropogenic Environmental health pressures. Environmental impact assessment Dry forest Background and objectives: Considerable consensus exists regarding the importance of dry forests in species di- Bamenda highlands versity and carbon storage; however, the relationship between dry forest tree species composition, species rich- Kimbi-Fungom National Park ness, and carbon stock is not well established. Also, simple baseline data on plant diversity are scarce for many dry Carbon forest ecosystems. This study seeks to characterize floristic diversity, vegetation patterns, and tree diversity in Semi-deciduous permanent plots in a tropical dry forest in Northwestern Cameroon (Kimbi-Fungom National Park) for the first Tree composition time.
    [Show full text]
  • Timber for Structural Use
    Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH) Vol. 36, No. 4, October 2017, pp. 1022 – 1029 Copyright© Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Print ISSN: 0331-8443, Electronic ISSN: 2467-8821 www.nijotech.com http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i4.5 RE-EVALUATION OF CHARACTERISATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF APA (AFZELIA BIPINDENSIS) TIMBER FOR STRUCTURAL USE A. A. JImoh1,* and J. B. Adefemi2 1,2DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, ILORIN, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA. Email addresses: 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] ABSTRACT. As a result of effect of geographical location on timber properties, there is need for constant determination of properties of timber. This paper presents the results of experimental tests carried out on three Apa (Afzelia bipindensis) timber logs grown in Kwara State, south-western periphery of the North Central Zone of Nigeria in order to ascertain its structural strength properties. Logs of Apa timber were air-dried and along the stem, 324 pieces of test specimens were prepared for determination of their strength properties using a universal testing machine (UTM) FS50AT model, (specimen prepared included 108 samples for tensile strengths parallel to grain, 108 samples for compression parallel to grain and 108 samples for bending parallel to grain) at a moisture content of 12%, in accordance with the Nigerian, British and European standards. The moisture content of 12 % was converted to 18% which is specified in a standard document, for the area. Statistical analysis was carried out using the strength properties for determination of mean, standard deviation, confidence limit and characteristic strength. The result revealed that the timber is satisfactory for structural purposes in construction works.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Resources of Tropical Africa Basic List of Species and Commodity Grouping Ressources Végétales De L'afrique Tropicale Li
    Plant Resources of Tropical Africa Basic list of species and commodity grouping Ressources Végétales de l'Afrique Tropicale Liste de base des espèces et de leurs groupes d'usage PROTA is an international programme involving the following institutions: - Wageningen University (WU), Department of Plant Sciences (DPW), Haarweg 333, P.O.Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands - Agropolis International (AGROPOLIS), Avenue Agropolis, F-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France - Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (RBGKEW), Centre for Economic Botany, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom - Centre National de Semences Forestières (CNSF), 01 B.P. 2682, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), B.P. 842, Libreville, Gabon - Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG), KNUST, University P.O.Box 63, Kumasi, Ghana - Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT), B.P. 4096, Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar - National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens of Malawi (NHBGM), P.O.Box 528, Zomba, Malawi - Makerere University (MU), Department of Botany, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda - Prosea Foundation (PROSEA), P.O. Box 332, Bogor 16122, Indonesia This publication has been made possible through the financial support by: - the European Commission - the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries - the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS) - Wageningen University, the Netherlands Plant Resources of Tropical Africa Basic list of species and commodity grouping Ressources Végétales de l'Afrique Tropicale Liste de base des espèces et de leurs groupes d'usage Editors: C.H. Bosch J.S. Siemonsma R.H.M.J. Lemmens L.P.A. Oyen PROTA Programme, 2002 ƒ Wageningen, the Netherlands |6ooy*> Correct citation of this publication: Bosch, C.H., Siemonsma, J.S., Lemmens, R.H.M.J.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tropical Timber I
    THE STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS, CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS Supported by AND FUNCTIONAL GROUP ANALYSIS OF Afzelia bipindensis: A TROPICAL TIMBER I. P. Udeozo1, C. M. Ejikeme2, A. N. Eboatu3, H. I. Kelle4 and R. U. Arinze3 1Industrial Chemistry Department, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria 2Chemical Science Department, Godfrey Okoye University, Enugu State, Nigeria 3Pure & Industrial Chemistry Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria 4Chemistry Unit, National Open University of Nigeria, Victoria Island, Lagos Received: November 08, 2017 Accepted: February 23, 2018 Abstract: The dearth of information on the wood stem of Afzelia bipindensis led to the evaluation of its chemical, physical, phytochemical and functional groups analysis. Some obtained results from physical and thermal analysis were as follows; oven dry density 51.4 x 10-2 g.cm-3, water imbibitions (at different intervals: 30 min 22.2%, 5 h 37% & 24 h 59.1%), thermal conductivity 26.31 x 102 Umoh/cm, electrical conductivity 5.0 x 10-3 Sm-1, afterglow time 49.33Sec, flame duration 181.33Sec, flame propagation rate 4.6 x 10-2 cm.S-1, ignition time 8.33Sec, moisture content 20.28% and ash content 1.74% showed that it is a good timber that could be suitable for various construction purposes. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, resins, terpenoids, glycosides and alkaloids. The AAS of the sample showed the presence of some metals such as Na, K, Pb, Ca, Zn, Mg, As and Cu in the decreasing order of their concentrations. The Thin Layer Chromatographic analysis showed two spots for chloroform extract.
    [Show full text]
  • Miocene Diversification in the Savannahs Precedes Tetraploid
    Miocene diversification in the Savannahs precedes tetraploid rainforest radiation in the african tree genus Afzelia (Detarioideae, Fabaceae) Armel Donkpegan, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Myriam Heuertz, Rosalía Piñeiro To cite this version: Armel Donkpegan, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Myriam Heuertz, Rosalía Piñeiro. Miocene diversification in the Savannahs precedes tetraploid rainforest radiation in the african treegenus Afzelia (Detarioideae, Fabaceae). Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers, 2020, 11, pp.1-14. 10.3389/fpls.2020.00798. hal-02906073 HAL Id: hal-02906073 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02906073 Submitted on 24 Jul 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License fpls-11-00798 June 17, 2020 Time: 15:14 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 17 June 2020 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00798 Miocene Diversification in the Savannahs Precedes Tetraploid Rainforest Radiation in the African Tree Genus Afzelia (Detarioideae, Fabaceae) Armel S. L. Donkpegan1,2,3*, Jean-Louis
    [Show full text]
  • Flora 4.34MB
    Baseline Vegetation and Flora Assessment, Yaligimba Concession, Feronia, DRC. Prepared by Leigh-Ann de Wet (M.Sc., Pri. Sci. Nat) For Digby Wells and Associates (International) Limited (Subsidiary of Digby Wells & Associates (Pty) Ltd) November 2015 LD Biodiversity Consulting Biodiversity Assessments, Baseline surveys and Impact Assessments and Integrated Management Solutions. www.ldbiodiversity.co.za [email protected] 083 352 1936 LD Biodiversity Consulting i Yaligimba Concession, Feronia This report should be cited as: L. de Wet (2014). Baseline Vegetation and Flora Assessment, Yaligimba Concession, Feronia, DRC. LD Biodiversity Consulting. Appointment of Specialist Leigh-Ann de Wet (LD Biodiversity Consulting) was commissioned by Digby Wells and Associates (International) Limited (Subsidiary of Digby Wells & Associates (Pty) Ltd) to undertake a vegetation and flora assessment along High Conservation Value Assessment goals (HCVRN 2014). Terms of reference were to review all information available on vegetation and flora of the region, as well as applying knowledge gained from a further brief site visit. Determinations of possible impacts associated with the existing plantation as well comments on High Conservation Value were also required. Details of Specialist Leigh-Ann de Wet LD Biodiversity Consulting Telephone: 083 352 1936 e-mail: [email protected] Expertise of the specialist M.Sc. in Botany from Rhodes University. Registered Professional Natural Scientist with the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professionals (Ecological Science). Registered with RSPO as a certified High Conservation Value Assessor (Plants), since 2011. Founded LD Biodiversity Consulting in 2014. Ecological Consultant since 2009. Conducted, or have been involved in over 100 Ecological Impact Assessments, Baseline surveys, Biodiversity Action Plans and Offset Plans throughout Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Appendix for the Origin and Early Evolution of The
    Supplementary Appendix for The Origin and Early Evolution of the Legumes are a Complex Paleopolyploid Phylogenomic Tangle closely associated with the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) Boundary Authors: Erik J.M. Koenen1*, Dario I. Ojeda2,3, Royce Steeves4,5, Jérémy Migliore2, Freek Bakker6, Jan J. Wieringa7, Catherine Kidner8,9, Olivier Hardy2, R. Toby Pennington8,10, Patrick S. Herendeen11, Anne Bruneau4 and Colin E. Hughes1 1 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zurich, Switzerland 2 Service Évolution Biologique et Écologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium 3 Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høgskoleveien 8, 1433 Ås, Norway 4 Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada 5 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Center, 343 Université Ave, Moncton, NB E1C 5K4, Canada 6 Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands 7 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands 8 Royal Botanic Gardens, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, U.K. 9School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh, UK 10 Geography, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, U.K. 11 Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022, U.S.A. * Correspondence to be sent to: Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zurich, Switzerland; phone: +41 (0)44 634 84 16; email: [email protected]. Methods S1. Discussion on fossils used for calibrating divergence time analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanic Gardens, Endangered Trees and Reforestation in Africa
    Botanic gardens, endangered trees and reforestation in Africa Project report for the Rufford Foundation January 2011 Botanic gardens, endangered trees and reforestation in Africa Table of Contents Acknowledgements: ...................................................................................................................... 3 Section 1. Overview ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 The loss of African forests .................................................................................................... 5 1.3 African trees under threat...................................................................................................... 6 1.4 The role of botanic gardens................................................................................................... 7 1.5 African botanic gardens and tree conservation ..................................................................... 8 1.6 Tree planting and carbon sequestration ............................................................................. 10 1.7 REDD ................................................................................................................................. 11 Section 2. Country information ................................................................................................. 14 2.1. Democratic
    [Show full text]