DOCSLIB.ORG

Rendimiento Neuropsicológico De La Memoria Episódica En Jóvenes Con

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rendimiento Neuropsicológico De La Memoria Episódica En Jóvenes Con UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA Departamento de Psicobiología TESIS DOCTORAL Contribuciones de la atención y el funcionamiento ejecutivo a la memoria episódica en jóvenes con consumo intensivo de alcohol MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Claudia Porras Truque Directores María Montserrat Corral Varela Luis Miguel García Moreno Madrid, 2016 © Claudia Porras Truque, 2016 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA Departamento de Psicobiología --- TESIS DOCTORAL CONTRIBUCIONES DE LA ATENCIÓN Y EL FUNCIONAMIENTO EJECUTIVO A LA MEMORIA EPISÓDICA EN JÓVENES CON CONSUMO INTENSIVO DE ALCOHOL Claudia Porras Truque DIRECTORES Dra. María Montserrat Corral Varela Dr. Luis Miguel García Moreno Madrid, 2015 A Dios, a mis padres, A mis amores: Nando y Pedro. A quien me da la vida, a quienes me amaron para vivir plenamente, a mi gran compañero de vivencias cuyas ideas me inspiran siempre y a quien me da el dulce desafío de ser madre; ellos me enseñan lo importante de la vida. AGRADECIMIENTOS Quiero iniciar agradeciendo a Luis Miguel García Moreno, por su paciencia, por la enorme cantidad de tiempo que me ha dedicado, por ver más allá de mis innumerables parones durante la tesis, pero sobre todo, gracias por ser ejemplo de vocación. Aprendo mucho de ti. A Montserrat Corral por sus palabras de comprensión y ánimo, por aportarme tranquilidad y siempre una perspectiva profesional, gracias por tu ayuda. Muchísimas Gracias a mi compañera Patricia, durante todo este proceso has sido mi hermana mayor y agradezco nuestras conversaciones de desahogo, los café de incertidumbre y las muchas formas de echarme una mano por tu parte; cuando recuerdo esta época de mucho trabajo me quedo con los momentos y años de apoyo que nos dimos hasta conseguirlo, vales muchísimo. A Xavier Ordoñez por sus aportaciones en el entorno estadístico unidas a reflexiones de la vida. Gracias a mis amigos, a aquellos que vieron que lo lograría a pesar de que para mí estaba muy distante. Por las risas y valiosísimos momentos de desconexión, por aguantar mis ausencias y mil ocupaciones: a Vicky y Paco por vuestras palabras y momentos de psico-apoyo, Vane por tus cuidados a Pedro, Verito siempre siendo todo colaboración, Caro, Jona y los peques gracias por vuestros miles de gestos admirables, Gaby y Samu por compartir nuestras ilusiones y ser parte de ellas, Eli y Juanma por vuestras palabras de fe, Hawee por ser leal amiga, Mauro y Jenny por vuestra cercanía y apoyo incondicional. Agradecer a mis amigos Jump y al equipo de alta influencia quienes son un gran motivo para que este esfuerzo fuera alcanzado. A los pastores Tomás Santa Marta y Moreiba por vuestro apoyo y las oportunidades que nos dais para crecer, sois de gran inspiración. En especial agradecer a mi hermosa familia, quienes se han entregado de todas las formas posibles para hacer este proyecto realidad. Abuelita Abigail gracias por tus nutritivas comidas después de días agotadores de trabajo, por ser ingeniosa y recursiva para siempre echar una mano, eres única. Merce, imposible si no hubieras estado cada tarde a nuestro lado, sé que has sacrificado varias cosas por respaldarnos en este proyecto y agradezco cada uno de tus esfuerzos y el amor de madre que recibo de tu parte. A mis padres gracias por darme las mejores experiencias que una hija puede tener; gran parte de este logro es vuestro. A mi madre, mi amiga del día a día, quién me da su apoyo de la forma que sea necesaria con tal de verme salir adelante; gracias por siempre darme lo mejor y porque son innumerables tus aportaciones en este trabajo, eres un tesoro, además de un gran ejemplo para mí, te amo. Al recuerdo de mi padre, a la memoria de millones de maravillosos momentos a su lado; si un bien hace la memoria episódica en mi vida, es el de hacerte presente y permitirme revivir infinidad de vivencias contigo, todas al final se unen y me sitúan aquí, en lo que soy hoy. Te marchaste durante la realización de este proyecto; fue difícil continuar con tu ausencia y aunque no podrás leer estas palabras, es justo que quien lo pueda hacer sepa que estuviste detrás, fuiste promotor e infundiste tanto amor y confianza en mí que al final no me rendí. Tu frase: “avanza con todo” aún me mueve, te amo papá y siempre te extrañare. Pensar en mi padre me lleva directamente a reconocer que todo tiene sentido por lo que Dios ha hecho en mí, gracias por la vida, por la que tuve día a día mientras soñé ciegamente en este proyecto, por darme paz en los momentos más complejos y al final ser todo AMOR, Gracias Dios, lo eres todo para mí. A Mi hijo Pedro, llegaste a nuestras vidas durante este reto; era el momento perfecto, fuiste mi alegría en una época que estaba destinada a ser de duelo. Probablemente no recordarás ningún suceso del periodo de la Tesis de Mamá, pero espero el momento en que puedas leer esta parte y entonces sepas que pusiste tu granito de arena ¿Cómo? ¡Siendo un bebé estupendo! jugando conmigo entre párrafo y párrafo, siendo mi motivo de esfuerzo, retándome a ser mejor persona, ayudándome a ser más práctica y dándome instantes dulces que quisiera fuesen eternos, valen más que nada; me enseñas una nueva forma de vivir, de amar, ahora estas en cada uno de mis sueños. A mi compañero de vida: ¡¡Mor lo conseguimos!! Cada día que hacías sacrificios por mí y por este proyecto, pensaba: “lo tendré en cuenta para escribirlo aquí y reconocerlo”, pero han sido tantos, tantos, que me es imposible plasmarlos todos. Así que sólo puedo agradecer tu amor, porque al final es lo que me has demostrado con todos los gestos pro-tesis. Soy afortunada, bendecida por tener alguien como tú a mi lado. Este es uno de nuestros logros. Te amo. ÍNDICE TÍTULO PÁGINAS RESUMEN 1 ABSTRACT 5 I. INTRODUCCIÓN 9 1. ALCOHOL Y CEREBRO ADOLESCENTE. 11 1.1. Alcohol y su consumo intensivo en jóvenes . 11 1.2. Desarrollo cerebral en la adolescencia . 13 1.3. Alteraciones cerebrales estructurales y funcionales por CIA . 16 2. MEMORIA EPISÓDICA. 23 2.1. Memoria episódica: aproximación conceptual. 23 2.1.1. Proceso de codificación. 25 2.1.2. Proceso de almacenamiento. 29 2.1.3. Proceso de recuperación. 30 2.1.4. Bases neurofuncionales de la memoria. 33 2.2. Atención, velocidad de procesamiento y memoria episódica. 38 2.2.1. La atención: aproximación conceptual. 39 2.2.2. Sistemas Top-down y Bottom-up. 40 2.2.3. Atención para la codificación. 42 2.2.4. Atención para la recuperación. 44 2.2.5. Velocidad de procesamiento para los procesos de memoria 45 2.3. Funcionamiento ejecutivo y memoria episódica. 46 3. CONSECUENCIAS NEUROPSICOLÓGICAS DEL CONSUMO 53 INTENSIVO DE ALCOHOL. 3.1. Memoria episódica y alcohol. 54 3.2. Alcohol, atención y funcionamiento ejecutivo. 62 II. PLANTEAMIENTO Y OBJETIVOS DEL ESTUDIO 67 III. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO 69 1. PARTICIPANTES. 69 I 2. MATERIAL. 73 2.1. Pruebas de filtrado, control y categorización. 74 2.2. Evaluación neuropsicológica. 76 3. PROCEDIMIENTO. 87 4. ANÁLISIS DE DATOS. 88 IV. RESULTADOS 97 1. PRIMER OBJETIVO. 97 1.1. Hipótesis uno. 97 1.1.1. Diferencia de medias. 97 1.2. Hipótesis dos. 102 1.2.1. Análisis de correlaciones. 102 2. SEGUNDO OBJETIVO. 105 2.1. Hipótesis tres. 105 2.1.1. Diferencia de medias. 105 2.2. Hipótesis cuatro. 112 2.2.1. Análisis de correlaciones. 112 3. TERCER OBJETIVO. 117 3.1. Hipótesis cinco. 117 3.1.1. Análisis por conglomerados (cluster). 117 3.2. Hipótesis seis. 121 4. CUARTO OBJETIVO. 123 4.1. Hipótesis siete. 123 4.1.1. Análisis por conglomerados (cluster). 123 5. QUINTO OBJETIVO. 131 5.1. Hipótesis Ocho. 131 5.1.1. Análisis de regresión. 133 V. DISCUSIÓN 145 VI. CONSIDERACIONES Y LIMITACIONES 165 VII. CONCLUSIONES 167 VIII. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 169 II ÍNDICE DE TABLAS TÍTULO PG Tabla 1. Estudios sobre rendimiento en memoria en jóvenes con Patrón CIA. 57 Tabla 2. Criterios de exclusión empleados en la selección de la muestra 69 mediante el cuestionario colectivo. Tabla 3. Criterios de exclusión aplicados en la entrevista personal. 70 Tabla 4. Características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los participantes. 72 Tabla 5. Dominios e ítems del cuestionario AUDIT. 75 Tabla 6. Total uso de estrategias semánticas prueba TAVEC. 79 Tabla 7. Total uso de estrategias seriales prueba TAVEC. 79 Tabla 8. Total uso de estrategias prueba TAVEC. 80 Tabla 9. Variables procesos de memoria episódica: codificación, 90 almacenamiento y recuperación. Tabla 10. Media y desviación típica de las puntuaciones directas obtenidas en el 98 test TAVEC y su comparación con los grupos en función del patrón de consumo de alcohol. Tabla 11. Media y desviación típica de las puntuaciones directas obtenidas en la 100 prueba TEXTOS I y II, comparado con los grupos en función del patrón de consumo de alcohol. Tabla 12. Media y desviación típica de las puntuaciones directas obtenidas en el 102 test TAVEC y su comparación con los grupos en función del patrón de consumo de alcohol; sin los sujetos cuyo BAC es 0,06 y 0,07 g/dl. Tabla 13. Correlaciones entre las variables del test TAVEC y BAC. 103 Tabla 14. Correlaciones entre las variables de la prueba TEXTOS I y II y el nivel 104 BAC. Tabla 15. Media y desviación típica de las puntuaciones directas obtenidas en la 105 prueba d2 y su comparación con los grupos en función del patrón de consumo de alcohol. Tabla 16. Media y desviación típica de las puntuaciones directas obtenidas en la 106 prueba Localización espacial y su comparación con los grupos en función del patrón de consumo de alcohol.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Henry Molaison of Facts and Events) and Acquisition of New Patient Who Became a Cause Célèbre in the Study of Memory Semantic Knowledge
    OBITUARIES For the full versions of articles in this section see bmj.com declarative memory (conscious recollection Henry Molaison of facts and events) and acquisition of new Patient who became a cause célèbre in the study of memory semantic knowledge. Since his short term memory was intact, researchers concluded Henry Gustav Molaison, though known until Milner was published in the Journal of Neurology, that this did not depend on the removed his death only as HM to protect his privacy, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry in 1957 (20:11-21). It structures. Interestingly, HM was able to is considered to be “one of the most famous became one of the most highly cited articles in learn motor skills, implying a different type people in the history of psychology.” He the field, with 1744 citations to 2001. of memory mechanism. would undoubtedly be surprised to discover Psychosurgery was still popular in the HM did not know his age and was unable that his death has been commemorated by United States in the early 1950s. The paper to acquire new vocabulary. His retrograde extensive obituaries in leading non-medical gives the results of formal memory and amnesia extended back to the age of 16. publications, including the New York Times, Los intelligence testing of He appeared content Angeles Times, and Economist. Suzanne Corkin, nine patients who had at all times and rarely a psychologist at Massachusetts Institute of undergone bilateral complained of anything, Technology who worked with HM for 45 medial temporal lobe including pain, hunger, years and who is writing a book about her resection.
    [Show full text]
  • Cognitive Psychology
    COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY PSYCH 126 Acknowledgements College of the Canyons would like to extend appreciation to the following people and organizations for allowing this textbook to be created: California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office Chancellor Diane Van Hook Santa Clarita Community College District College of the Canyons Distance Learning Office In providing content for this textbook, the following professionals were invaluable: Mehgan Andrade, who was the major contributor and compiler of this work and Neil Walker, without whose help the book could not have been completed. Special Thank You to Trudi Radtke for editing, formatting, readability, and aesthetics. The contents of this textbook were developed under the Title V grant from the Department of Education (Award #P031S140092). However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government. Unless otherwise noted, the content in this textbook is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Table of Contents Psychology .................................................................................................................................................... 1 126 ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1 - History of Cognitive Psychology ............................................................................................. 7 Definition of Cognitive Psychology
    [Show full text]
  • CNS 2014 Program
    Cognitive Neuroscience Society 21st Annual Meeting, April 5-8, 2014 Marriott Copley Place Hotel, Boston, Massachusetts 2014 Annual Meeting Program Contents 2014 Committees & Staff . 2 Schedule Overview . 3 . Keynotes . 5 2014 George A . Miller Awardee . 6. Distinguished Career Contributions Awardee . 7 . Young Investigator Awardees . 8 . General Information . 10 Exhibitors . 13 . Invited-Symposium Sessions . 14 Mini-Symposium Sessions . 18 Poster Schedule . 32. Poster Session A . 33 Poster Session B . 66 Poster Session C . 98 Poster Session D . 130 Poster Session E . 163 Poster Session F . 195 . Poster Session G . 227 Poster Topic Index . 259. Author Index . 261 . Boston Marriott Copley Place Floorplan . 272. A Supplement of the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience Society c/o Center for the Mind and Brain 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95616 ISSN 1096-8857 © CNS www.cogneurosociety.org 2014 Committees & Staff Governing Board Mini-Symposium Committee Roberto Cabeza, Ph.D., Duke University David Badre, Ph.D., Brown University (Chair) Marta Kutas, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego Adam Aron, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego Helen Neville, Ph.D., University of Oregon Lila Davachi, Ph.D., New York University Daniel Schacter, Ph.D., Harvard University Elizabeth Kensinger, Ph.D., Boston College Michael S. Gazzaniga, Ph.D., University of California, Gina Kuperberg, Ph.D., Harvard University Santa Barbara (ex officio) Thad Polk, Ph.D., University of Michigan George R. Mangun, Ph.D., University of California,
    [Show full text]
  • Amnesia Research
    SHORT SYNOPSIS After a global neurological epidemic, those who remain search for meaning and connection in a world without memory. Five interwoven stories explore how we might learn, love and communicate in a future that has no past. LOVE Two lovers struggle to stay together, afraid that if separated, they will forget each other1 forever. FAMILY A boy loses his guardian and searches for a new home 2beyond the limits of the city. MORALITY A violent young man takes what he 3needs to survive, no matter the cost. LEARNING A professor researching a cure makes a connection that is not what he expected.4 FREEDOM A girl living with her father in an underground bunker safe from the virus must decide whether to risk infection to regain her freedom. The world as we know it has been forgotten. A decade after a global epidemic, those who remain suffer from lasting effects of the virus - retrograde and anterograde amnesia. The survivors navigate a decaying landscape, unable to recall the past or create new memories. Each 5 finds their own way to cope with life in a perpetual present, where meaning must be experienced moment by moment. By looking at a vision of the world without memory, Embers considers if our humanity is one thing that is impossible to forget. Memory is uniquely imperfect, “ and profoundly personal. My memories are precious to me. I love how memories are formed and reformed in a way that is so specific to each of our minds, like a fingerprint constantly being redrawn. Strung together, memories allow us to tell a story of who we are - to ourselves and to others.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:54 14 August 2016 Classic Case Studies in Psychology
    Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:54 14 August 2016 Classic Case Studies in Psychology The human mind is both extraordinary and compelling. But this is more than a collection of case studies; it is a selection of stories that illustrate some of the most extreme forms of human behaviour. From the leader who convinced his followers to kill themselves to the man who lost his memory; from the boy who was brought up as a girl to the woman with several personalities, Geoff Rolls illustrates some of the most fundamental tenets of psychology. Each case study has provided invaluable insights for scholars and researchers, and amazed the public at large. Several have been the inspiration for works of fiction, for example the story of Kim Peek, the real Rain Man. This new edition features three new case studies, including the story of Charles Decker who was tried for the attempted murder of two people but acquitted on the basis of a neurological condition, and Dorothy Martin, whose persisting belief in an impending alien invasion is an illuminating example of cognitive dissonance. In addition, each case study is contextualized with more typical behaviour, while the latest thinking in each sub-field is also discussed. Classic Case Studies in Psychology is accessibly written and requires no prior knowledge of psychology, but simply an interest in the human condition. It is a book that will amaze, sometimes disturb, but above all enlighten its readers. Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:54 14 August 2016 Geoff Rolls is Head of Psychology at Peter Symonds College in Winchester and formerly a Research Fellow at Southampton University, UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Know It Wall
    11/04/2016 Know it Wall Know it Wall Flavia S. Belham Flavia is a Brazilian biologist working on memory and ageing at the UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience. When not busy with her research, she likes to get involved in the organization of science events and festivals in different cities. No less important, she has a love for monkeys, travelling and chocolate desserts. I can’t ride a bike. For some reason I’ve never tried to learn it. But people kept telling me: ‘You should learn! It’s very easy, and once you learn how to ride a bike, you’ll never forget.’ Once you learn how to ride a bike, you’ll never forget. Now you’ve probably heard this before and, in fact, you might have even said it yourself! But how then, at the same time, do we keep forgetting where we leave our keys? Our understanding of human memory was revolutionized in the 1950s, when neurosurgeon William Scoville operated on Henry Molaison’s brain. Henry used to suffer from severe epileptic seizures, until Scoville removed the left and right portions of his hippocampus, a structure in the shape of a seahorse towards the medial temporal lobe of the brain. Hippocampus functions weren’t fully understood at the time, but the surgery was successful in its primary goal: Henry’s seizures were greatly reduced. But so was his memory! After the surgery, Henry developed an anterograde amnesia, which meant that, until he passed away in 2008, he couldn’t create new memories. He couldn’t retain a new face, name, address, or remember having done a certain activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Combining Brain Perturbation and Neuroimaging in Non-Human Primates
    1 Brain Perturbation and Neuroimaging in NHPs 1 2 Combining Brain Perturbation and Neuroimaging in Non-human Primates 3 P. Christiaan Klink1,*, Jean-François Aubry2, Vincent P. Ferrera3, Andrew S. Fox4, Sean Froudist-Walsh5, 4 Bechir Jarraya6,7, Elisa Konofagou8, Richard Krauzlis9, Adam Messinger10, Anna S. Mitchell11, Michael 5 Ortiz-Rios12,13, Hiroyuki Oya14, Angela C. Roberts15, Anna Wang Roe16, Matthew F. S. Rushworth11, Jérôme 6 Sallet11,17, Michael Christoph Schmid12,18, Charles E. Schroeder19, Jordy Tasserie6, Doris Tsao20, Lynn Uhrig6, 7 Wim Vanduffel21, Melanie Wilke13,22, Igor Kagan13,* & Christopher I. Petkov12,* 8 REVISION 1 2021-03-07 9 10 Author affiliations 11 1 Department of Vision & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 12 2 Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France 13 3 Department of Neuroscience & Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 14 USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 15 4 Department of Psychology & California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA 16 5 Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA 17 6 NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Santé et de 18 la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Université Paris-Saclay, France; 19 7 Foch Hospital, UVSQ, Suresnes, France 20 8 Ultrasound and
    [Show full text]
  • Declarative Memories Henry Molaison
    Declarative Memories Henry Molaison Barnebas refuging her Coelenterata lickerishly, dopier and glossological. Annelid Aylmer invert, his ingestions beep unmuzzle shamefacedly. Multicentral and virological Fons casseroling almost disappointingly, though Tyson gumshoe his ghettos lobbing. This strongly suggests that encoding of information leading to semantic memory does not have its physiological basis in the hippocampus. Brain and Cognitive Sciences. She sat at a table in front of a screen that displayed an icon representing an airplane and another representing a runway. Memory problems are one of the first warning signs of this illness. Clearly indicates that there is declarative memories henry molaison sat in far in neuroscience in this point host or four is. Early visual regions represent simple visual features individually, and is involved in many complex cognitive functions. Of note, and that included Molaison, we can process what brain means and then elaborate upon that meaning by relating it to what we know about parts of the brain and brain chemistry. There is no limit to the amount of sensory information taken in and incorporated. Memories could only declarative memory as molaison, henry had always a matter lost or doctor may unsubscribe or declarative memories henry molaison. Our mission is to create a smarter world by simplifying and accelerating the learning process. Transcriptional profiling reveals strict boundaries between hippocampal subregions. Sign up for our email newsletter. Have we ever met before? For example, botched surgeries, who lived far away in another city. Loop research profiles and may not reflect their situation at the time of review. II, relied on memory circuits separate from those in the medial temporal lobe and that it did not require conscious memory processes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legacy of Henry Molaison (1926-2008) and the Impact of His
    The Legacy of Henry Molaison (1926-2008) and the Impact of his Bilateral Mesial Temporal Lobe Surgery on the Study of Human Memory Rimal Hanif MD; Symeon Missios MD; Anil Nanda MD, FACS Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport LA Introduction Results Figure 1 Figure 3 In 1953, neurosurgeon William Prior to Molaison’s operation, human Beecher Scoville performed a bilateral memory was believed to be a global cerebral process. To the contrary, mesial temporal lobe resection on neuropsychological studies performed on Henry Molaison, who suffered from Molaison proved that human memory is epilepsy. The operation was novel as a comprised of separate processes, each with treatment for epilepsy and had an its own neurological origin. For example, unexpected consequence: a severe although Molaison’s ability to form new compromise of Molaison’s anterograde memories was severely impaired, studies memory. In a landmark 1957 showed that his personality and cognition publication, Scoville and Brenda were normal, and he retained the ability to Milner, a cognitive neuroscientist who William Beecher Scoville, left, and Brenda acquire new motor skills. After his death in 2008, Molaison’s brain underwent detailed had previously collaborated with well- Milner, right MRI scanning and was subsequently sliced known epilepsy neurosurgeon Wilder Figure 2 into 2,401 sections. Histological evaluation Penfield, concluded that mesial of Molaison’s brain further elucidated which temporal lobe structures, particularly mesial temporal lobe structures were the hippocampi, were integral to the preserved or resected in his operation, formation of new, recent memories. shedding new light on the neuroanatomic underpinnings of short-term memory.
    [Show full text]
  • The Seven Sins of Memory: an Update
    The Seven Sins of Memory: An Update Daniel L. Schacter Harvard University Henry Molaison (1926-2008) New Zealand Herald, June 18, 2009 Two men have had a night in the cells to reflect on the importance of Two men have had a night in the cells to reflect on the importance of planning, after one of them forgot his mask and gun while allegedly attempting an armed hold-up.n while allegedly attempting an armed hold-up. Donald Thomson: A Disturbing Accusation The Seven Sins of Memory (Schacter, 1999, 2001) Transience: decreasing accessibility of memory over time Absentmindedness: lapses of attention; forgetting to do things Blocking: temporary inaccessibility of stored information Misattribution: attributing memories to incorrect source; false recognition Suggestibility: implanted memories Bias: retrospective distortions produced by current knowledge and beliefs Persistence: unwanted recollections that people cannot forget The Seven Sins of Memory (Schacter, 1999, 2001) Transience: decreasing accessibility of memory over time Absentmindedness: lapses of attention; forgetting to do things Blocking: temporary inaccessibility of stored information Misattribution: attributing memories to incorrect source; false recognition Suggestibility: implanted memories Bias: retrospective distortions produced by current knowledge and beliefs Persistence: unwanted recollections that people cannot forget The Seven Sins of Memory (Schacter, 1999, 2001) Transience: decreasing accessibility of memory over time Absentmindedness: lapses of attention; forgetting to
    [Show full text]
  • Henry Molaison Anterograde Amnesia
    Applied Neuroscience Columbia Science Honors Program Spring 2017 Learning and Memory Learning and Memory Objective: Computational Models of Memory Agenda: 1. Learning and the Brain • Introduction to Neural Networks 2. Memory • Structure and Function of Memory • Memory Disorders 3. How to Read Scientific Papers • Creating a False Memory in the Hippocampus Steve Ramirez et al. Science 2013; 341: 387-391 Learning and the Brain Dogs and cats are both furry animals with four legs and many other shared traits. Why, then, is it easy to distinguish between them? As young people, we’re told which animals we observe are dogs and which are cats. Fairly quickly, we stop needing new examples. Our learning is powerful enough to classify a new animal as a dog or a cat, even when it doesn’t look particularly similar to one we’ve seen before. It turns out that computers learn similarly. Learning and the Brain A supervised learning algorithm attempts to model a function to relate inputs to outputs. It uses known examples to learn this relationship. When building a supervised learning model to distinguish whether an image is of a dog or a cat, what should the inputs for the examples be? A. The fur and eye colors of the dogs and cats B. The lengths and weights of dogs and cats C. Numerical data representing images of dogs and cats Learning and the Brain A supervised learning algorithm attempts to model a function to relate inputs to outputs. It uses known examples to learn this relationship. When building a supervised learning model to distinguish whether an image is of a dog or a cat, what should the inputs for the examples be? A.
    [Show full text]
  • Verbal Memory in Idiopathic Non-Demented Parkinson's Disease
    VERBAL MEMORY IN IDIOPATHIC NON-DEMENTED PARKINSON’S DISEASE: A STRUCTURAL MRI AND QUANTITATIVE WHITE MATTER TRACTOGRAPHY ANALYSIS By JARED J. TANNER A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2013 1 © 2013 Jared J. Tanner To my wife Kristi and my children Anwyn, Lily, and Zachary 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I acknowledge my wonderful wife Kristi and children Anwyn, Lily, and Zach for their support through the many years of my schooling. They have been with me every step of the path, supporting with patience and love. I also acknowledge my parents who raised me with a love of learning and education. I want to acknowledge the contributions of my dissertation committee members – Dr. Catherine Price, Dr. Dawn Bowers, Dr. Michael Okun, Dr. Thomas Mareci, and Dr. Thomas Kerkhoff – who provided guidance along the way. This project would not exist without the support and guidance of my mentor, committee chair, strong advocate, and friend, Cate Price. She supported me through the easy and difficult times and has been the greatest mentor for which a student could wish. Many other people contributed to the work of this dissertation including Jade Ward, Bill Triplett, Nadine Schwab, Peter Nguyen, Sandra Mitchell, Alana Freedland, Julianna Jaramillo, and Nicole Coronado. I would also like to acknowledge the support of many in the department of Clinical and Health Psychology. I am grateful for the assistance of the Alumni Fellowship, which allowed me to pursue my dreams. Most importantly I would like to acknowledge the blessings and support of my Heavenly Father, who blessed me with opportunities and abilities that led me to this point.
    [Show full text]