DOCSLIB.ORG

Combining Brain Perturbation and Neuroimaging in Non-Human Primates

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Combining Brain Perturbation and Neuroimaging in Non-Human Primates 1 Brain Perturbation and Neuroimaging in NHPs 1 2 Combining Brain Perturbation and Neuroimaging in Non-human Primates 3 P. Christiaan Klink1,*, Jean-François Aubry2, Vincent P. Ferrera3, Andrew S. Fox4, Sean Froudist-Walsh5, 4 Bechir Jarraya6,7, Elisa Konofagou8, Richard Krauzlis9, Adam Messinger10, Anna S. Mitchell11, Michael 5 Ortiz-Rios12,13, Hiroyuki Oya14, Angela C. Roberts15, Anna Wang Roe16, Matthew F. S. Rushworth11, Jérôme 6 Sallet11,17, Michael Christoph Schmid12,18, Charles E. Schroeder19, Jordy Tasserie6, Doris Tsao20, Lynn Uhrig6, 7 Wim Vanduffel21, Melanie Wilke13,22, Igor Kagan13,* & Christopher I. Petkov12,* 8 REVISION 1 2021-03-07 9 10 Author affiliations 11 1 Department of Vision & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 12 2 Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France 13 3 Department of Neuroscience & Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 14 USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 15 4 Department of Psychology & California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA 16 5 Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA 17 6 NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Santé et de 18 la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Université Paris-Saclay, France; 19 7 Foch Hospital, UVSQ, Suresnes, France 20 8 Ultrasound and Elasticity Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New 21 York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 22 9 Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 23 10 Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 24 11 Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom 25 12 Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; 26 13 German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany 27 14 Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of 28 Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, USA 29 15 Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom 30 16 Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 31 310029, China 32 17 Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France; Wellcome 33 Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United 34 Kingdom 35 18 Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5 CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland 36 19 Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 37 20 Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience; Howard 38 Hughes Medical Institute; Computation and Neural Systems, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA 39 21 Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Neurosciences Department, KU Leuven Medical School, Leuven, 40 Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven Belgium; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 41 USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA 42 22 Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany 43 44 45 * Correspondence: 46 P.C.K.: [email protected], Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The 47 Netherlands. 48 I.K.: [email protected], German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. 49 C.I.P.: [email protected], Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK. 50 2 1 3 1 Brain Perturbation and Neuroimaging in NHPs 1 Abstract 2 Brain perturbation studies allow detailed causal inferences of behavioral and neural processes. Because the 3 combination of brain perturbation methods and neural measurement techniques is inherently challenging, 4 research in humans has predominantly focused on non-invasive, indirect brain perturbations, or neurological 5 lesion studies. Non-human primates have been indispensable as a neurobiological system that is highly 6 similar to humans while simultaneously being more experimentally tractable, allowing visualization of the 7 functional and structural impact of systematic brain perturbation. This review considers the state of the art in 8 non-human primate brain perturbation with a focus on approaches that can be combined with neuroimaging. 9 We consider both non-reversible (lesions) and reversible or temporary perturbations such as electrical, 10 pharmacological, optical, optogenetic, chemogenetic, pathway-selective, and ultrasound based interference 11 methods. Method-specific considerations from the research and development community are offered to 12 facilitate research in this field and support further innovations. We conclude by identifying novel avenues 13 for further research and innovation and by highlighting the clinical translational potential of the methods. 14 15 Keywords 16 Microstimulation, Optogenetics, Chemogenetics, Ultrasound, Lesion, Infrared, Causality, fMRI, primates 17 18 Highlights 19 Combined brain perturbation and neuroimaging can reveal causal brain mechanisms. 20 Overview of perturbation methods used with non-human primate neuroimaging. 21 Methodological considerations of the different techniques are discussed. 22 Translational potential and future directions are laid out and critically assessed. 23 2 2 3 1 Brain Perturbation and Neuroimaging in NHPs 1 1. Introduction 2 The brain is a complex dynamical network and an advanced understanding of its functional mechanisms 3 requires both observational and perturbation studies. Observational studies aim to understand neural systems 4 within a particular context. They are typically descriptive and correlative. Brain perturbation studies on the 5 other hand can provide insights on cause and effect. By manipulating a neural substrate and observing the 6 consequences of perturbation on relevant output measures (e.g., behavior, neural activity patterns, etc.) one 7 can demonstrate the substrate’s necessity and sufficiency for particular behaviors or cognitive functions 8 (Krakauer et al., 2017; Marinescu et al., 2018). Neuroscience is rich with examples of observational studies 9 leading to later experimental perturbations, from deducing the neurochemical properties of the giant squid 10 action potential (Hodgkin and Huxley, 1952) to the recent successes of techniques like optogenetics, 11 whereby neurons are transfected with light-sensitive channels that allow experimental control over action 12 potentials by shining light of specific wavelengths onto the neurons (Deisseroth, 2015). 13 The field of neuroimaging is often criticized for its descriptive or correlational nature (Ramsey et al., 2010). 14 In response, a range of analytical techniques have been developed as a proxy to derive causal inferences 15 from otherwise correlational neuroimaging data. Examples of such approaches are dynamic causal modeling 16 (DCM) for functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging studies (fMRI) (Friston et al., 2019, 2003) or Granger 17 causality for electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) (Friston et al., 2012; Seth 18 et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2009). Despite an increase in the use of such analytical methods, they cannot 19 replace the need for causal perturbation, and often require additional validation with empirical perturbation 20 approaches. In humans, the combination of neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 21 (Driver et al., 2009; Ruff et al., 2009), transcranial direct/alternating current stimulation (tDCS/tACS) 22 (Cabral‐Calderin et al., 2015; Saiote et al., 2013), or more recently transcranial focussed ultrasound 23 stimulation (tFUS) (Lee et al., 2016a; Legon et al., 2018; Verhagen et al., 2019), has allowed non-invasive 24 disruption or potentiation of neural processes with simultaneous monitoring of the effects of these 25 perturbations on local and global brain activity patterns and behavior. 26 Brain perturbation techniques in both humans and animal models vary greatly in their scale and precision of 27 effects (Figure 1) with a tendency for non-invasive approaches to broadly affect many areas. All techniques 28 furthermore come with their own advantages and limitations. On one side of this spectrum, inferences from 29 neurological patient studies remain important, but such studies often have to deal with substantial lesion size 30 and large variability in lesion location across patients. Pre-lesion experimental controls in the same 31 individuals are almost always absent necessitating between-subjects comparisons with unaffected control 32 participants. Some newer non-invasive approaches, like ultrasound stimulation, can provide more focal deep 33 brain stimulation, and efforts are underway to extend their use from animal models to humans (Legon et al., 34 2020, 2014; Szablowski et al., 2018). All of the more precise perturbation methods, however, are invasive 35 and as a consequence their application is restricted to animal models and, under restricted circumstances, 36 human neurosurgery patients. The development
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction to Neuroimaging
    Introduction to Neuroimaging Janaina Mourao-Miranda • Neuroimaging techniques have changed the way neuroscientists address questions about functional anatomy, especially in relation to behavior and clinical disorders. • Neuroimaging includes the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure or function of the brain. • Structural neuroimaging deals with the structure of the brain (e.g. shows contrast between different tissues: cerebrospinal fluid, grey matter, white matter). • Functional neuroimaging is used to indirectly measure brain functions (e.g. neural activity) • Example of Neuroimaging techniques: – Computed Tomography (CT), – Positron Emission Tomography (PET), – Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), – Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), – Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). • Among other imaging modalities MRI/fMRI became largely used due to its low invasiveness, lack of radiation exposure, and relatively wide availability. • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was developed by researchers including Peter Mansfield and Paul Lauterbur, who were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2003. • MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce high quality 2D or 3D images of brain structures/functions without use of ionizing radiation (X- rays) or radioactive tracers. • By selecting specific MRI sequence parameters different MR signal can be obtained from different tissue types (structural MRI) or from metabolic changes (functional MRI). MRI/fMRI scanner MRI vs. fMRI
    [Show full text]
  • Current Directions in Social Cognitive Neuroscience Kevin N Ochsner
    Current directions in social cognitive neuroscience Kevin N Ochsner Social cognitive neuroscience is an emerging discipline that science (SCN) as a distinct interdisciplinary field that seeks to explain the psychological and neural bases of seeks to understand socioemotional phenomena in terms socioemotional experience and behavior. Although research in of relationships among the social (specifying socioemo- some areas is already well developed (e.g. perception of tionally relevant cues, contexts, experiences, and beha- nonverbal social cues) investigation in other areas has only viors), cognitive (information processing mechanisms), just begun (e.g. social interaction). Current studies are and neural (brain bases) levels of analysis. elucidating; the role of the amygdala in a variety of evaluative and social judgment processes, the role of medial prefrontal Here, I provide a brief synthetic review of selected recent cortex in mental state attribution, how frontally mediated findings organized around types or stages of processing controlled processes can regulate perception and experience, rather than topic domains for the following three reasons. and the way in which these and other systems are recruited First, a process orientation might help to highlight emerg- during social interaction. Future progress will depend upon ing functional principles that cut across topics. Second, the development of programmatic lines of research that SCN encompasses numerous topics, and for many of integrate contemporary social cognitive research with them
    [Show full text]
  • Henry Molaison of Facts and Events) and Acquisition of New Patient Who Became a Cause Célèbre in the Study of Memory Semantic Knowledge
    OBITUARIES For the full versions of articles in this section see bmj.com declarative memory (conscious recollection Henry Molaison of facts and events) and acquisition of new Patient who became a cause célèbre in the study of memory semantic knowledge. Since his short term memory was intact, researchers concluded Henry Gustav Molaison, though known until Milner was published in the Journal of Neurology, that this did not depend on the removed his death only as HM to protect his privacy, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry in 1957 (20:11-21). It structures. Interestingly, HM was able to is considered to be “one of the most famous became one of the most highly cited articles in learn motor skills, implying a different type people in the history of psychology.” He the field, with 1744 citations to 2001. of memory mechanism. would undoubtedly be surprised to discover Psychosurgery was still popular in the HM did not know his age and was unable that his death has been commemorated by United States in the early 1950s. The paper to acquire new vocabulary. His retrograde extensive obituaries in leading non-medical gives the results of formal memory and amnesia extended back to the age of 16. publications, including the New York Times, Los intelligence testing of He appeared content Angeles Times, and Economist. Suzanne Corkin, nine patients who had at all times and rarely a psychologist at Massachusetts Institute of undergone bilateral complained of anything, Technology who worked with HM for 45 medial temporal lobe including pain, hunger, years and who is writing a book about her resection.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Factors and Risk for Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer’S Disease: the Cache County Study
    International Psychogeriatrics (2008), 20:3, 538–553 C 2008 International Psychogeriatric Association doi:10.1017/S1041610208006704 Printed in the United Kingdom Vascular factors and risk for neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease: the Cache County Study .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Katherine A. Treiber,1 Constantine G. Lyketsos,2 Chris Corcoran,3 Martin Steinberg,2 Maria Norton,4 Robert C. Green,5 Peter Rabins,2 David M. Stein,1 Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer,6 John C. S. Breitner7 and JoAnn T. Tschanz1 1Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, U.S.A. 2Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Bayview and School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, U.S.A. 3Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, U.S.A. 4Department of Family and Human Development, Utah State University, Logan, U.S.A. 5Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, U.S.A. 6Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, U.S.A. 7VA Puget Sound Health Care System, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Objective: To examine, in an exploratory analysis, the association between vascular conditions and the occurrence
    [Show full text]
  • Cognitive Psychology
    COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY PSYCH 126 Acknowledgements College of the Canyons would like to extend appreciation to the following people and organizations for allowing this textbook to be created: California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office Chancellor Diane Van Hook Santa Clarita Community College District College of the Canyons Distance Learning Office In providing content for this textbook, the following professionals were invaluable: Mehgan Andrade, who was the major contributor and compiler of this work and Neil Walker, without whose help the book could not have been completed. Special Thank You to Trudi Radtke for editing, formatting, readability, and aesthetics. The contents of this textbook were developed under the Title V grant from the Department of Education (Award #P031S140092). However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government. Unless otherwise noted, the content in this textbook is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Table of Contents Psychology .................................................................................................................................................... 1 126 ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1 - History of Cognitive Psychology ............................................................................................. 7 Definition of Cognitive Psychology
    [Show full text]
  • The Cuban Human Brain Mapping Project Population Based Normative EEG, MRI, and Cognition Dataset
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.194290; this version posted July 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. The Cuban Human Brain Mapping Project population based normative EEG, MRI, and Cognition dataset. Authors: Pedro A. Valdes-Sosa1,2*+, Lidice Galan2*, Jorge Bosch-Bayard3,2,1*, Maria L. Bringas Vega1,2*, Eduardo AuBert Vazquez2*, Samir Das3, Trinidad Virues AlBa2, Cecile MadJar3, Zia Mohades3, Leigh C. MacIntyre3, Christine Rogers3, Shawn Brown3, Lourdes Valdes Urrutia2, Iris Rodriguez Gil2, Alan C. Evans3+, Mitchell J. Valdes Sosa1,2+ *Co-first authors +Co-corresponding authors Affiliations: 1The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Sciences and Technology of China, Chengdu China 2CuBan Center for Neuroscience, La Habana, CuBa 3McGill Centre for Integrative Neurosciences MCIN. Ludmer Centre for Mental Health. Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Abstract The CuBan Human Brain Mapping ProJect (CHBMP) repository is an open multimodal neuroimaging and cognitive dataset from 282 healthy participants (31.9 ± 9.3 years, age range 18–68 years). This dataset was acquired from 2004 to 2008 as a suBset of a larger stratified random sample of 2,019 participants from La Lisa municipality in La Habana, CuBa. The exclusion included presence of disease or Brain dysfunctions. The information made available for all participants comprises: high-density (64-120 channels) resting state electroencephalograms (EEG), magnetic resonance images (MRI), psychological tests (MMSE, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale -WAIS III, computerized reaction time tests using a go no- go paradigm), as well as general information (age, gender, education, ethnicity, handedness and weight).
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Dextromethorphan-Quinidine on Agitation in Patients with Alzheimer Disease Dementia a Randomized Clinical Trial
    Research Original Investigation Effect of Dextromethorphan-Quinidine on Agitation in Patients With Alzheimer Disease Dementia A Randomized Clinical Trial Jeffrey L. Cummings, MD, ScD; Constantine G. Lyketsos, MD, MHS; Elaine R. Peskind, MD; Anton P. Porsteinsson, MD; Jacobo E. Mintzer, MD, MBA; Douglas W. Scharre, MD; Jose E. De La Gandara, MD; Marc Agronin, MD; Charles S. Davis, PhD; Uyen Nguyen, BS; Paul Shin, MS; Pierre N. Tariot, MD; João Siffert, MD Editorial page 1233 IMPORTANCE Agitation is common among patients with Alzheimer disease; safe, effective Author Video Interview and treatments are lacking. JAMA Report Video at jama.com OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of dextromethorphan Supplemental content at hydrobromide–quinidine sulfate for Alzheimer disease–related agitation. jama.com DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Phase 2 randomized, multicenter, double-blind, CME Quiz at jamanetworkcme.com and placebo-controlled trial using a sequential parallel comparison design with 2 consecutive CME Questions page 1286 5-week treatment stages conducted August 2012–August 2014. Patients with probable Alzheimer disease, clinically significant agitation (Clinical Global Impressions–Severity agitation score Ն4), and a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 8 to 28 participated at 42 US study sites. Stable dosages of antidepressants, antipsychotics, hypnotics, and antidementia medications were allowed. INTERVENTIONS In stage 1, 220 patients were randomized in a 3:4 ratio to receive dextromethorphan-quinidine (n = 93) or placebo (n = 127). In stage 2, patients receiving dextromethorphan-quinidine continued; those receiving placebo were stratified by response and rerandomized in a 1:1 ratio to dextromethorphan-quinidine (n = 59) or placebo (n = 60).
    [Show full text]
  • CNS 2014 Program
    Cognitive Neuroscience Society 21st Annual Meeting, April 5-8, 2014 Marriott Copley Place Hotel, Boston, Massachusetts 2014 Annual Meeting Program Contents 2014 Committees & Staff . 2 Schedule Overview . 3 . Keynotes . 5 2014 George A . Miller Awardee . 6. Distinguished Career Contributions Awardee . 7 . Young Investigator Awardees . 8 . General Information . 10 Exhibitors . 13 . Invited-Symposium Sessions . 14 Mini-Symposium Sessions . 18 Poster Schedule . 32. Poster Session A . 33 Poster Session B . 66 Poster Session C . 98 Poster Session D . 130 Poster Session E . 163 Poster Session F . 195 . Poster Session G . 227 Poster Topic Index . 259. Author Index . 261 . Boston Marriott Copley Place Floorplan . 272. A Supplement of the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience Society c/o Center for the Mind and Brain 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95616 ISSN 1096-8857 © CNS www.cogneurosociety.org 2014 Committees & Staff Governing Board Mini-Symposium Committee Roberto Cabeza, Ph.D., Duke University David Badre, Ph.D., Brown University (Chair) Marta Kutas, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego Adam Aron, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego Helen Neville, Ph.D., University of Oregon Lila Davachi, Ph.D., New York University Daniel Schacter, Ph.D., Harvard University Elizabeth Kensinger, Ph.D., Boston College Michael S. Gazzaniga, Ph.D., University of California, Gina Kuperberg, Ph.D., Harvard University Santa Barbara (ex officio) Thad Polk, Ph.D., University of Michigan George R. Mangun, Ph.D., University of California,
    [Show full text]
  • Brain Imaging Technologies
    Updated July 2019 By Carolyn H. Asbury, Ph.D., Dana Foundation Senior Consultant, and John A. Detre, M.D., Professor of Neurology and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania With appreciation to Ulrich von Andrian, M.D., Ph.D., and Michael L. Dustin, Ph.D., for their expert guidance on cellular and molecular imaging in the initial version; to Dana Grantee Investigators for their contributions to this update, and to Celina Sooksatan for monograph preparation. Cover image by Tamily Weissman; Livet et al., Nature 2017 . Table of Contents Section I: Introduction to Clinical and Research Uses..............................................................................................1 • Imaging’s Evolution Using Early Structural Imaging Techniques: X-ray, Angiography, Computer Assisted Tomography and Ultrasound..............................................2 • Magnetic Resonance Imaging.............................................................................................................4 • Physiological and Molecular Imaging: Positron Emission Tomography and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography...................6 • Functional MRI.....................................................................................................................................7 • Resting-State Functional Connectivity MRI.........................................................................................8 • Arterial Spin Labeled Perfusion MRI...................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Amnesia Research
    SHORT SYNOPSIS After a global neurological epidemic, those who remain search for meaning and connection in a world without memory. Five interwoven stories explore how we might learn, love and communicate in a future that has no past. LOVE Two lovers struggle to stay together, afraid that if separated, they will forget each other1 forever. FAMILY A boy loses his guardian and searches for a new home 2beyond the limits of the city. MORALITY A violent young man takes what he 3needs to survive, no matter the cost. LEARNING A professor researching a cure makes a connection that is not what he expected.4 FREEDOM A girl living with her father in an underground bunker safe from the virus must decide whether to risk infection to regain her freedom. The world as we know it has been forgotten. A decade after a global epidemic, those who remain suffer from lasting effects of the virus - retrograde and anterograde amnesia. The survivors navigate a decaying landscape, unable to recall the past or create new memories. Each 5 finds their own way to cope with life in a perpetual present, where meaning must be experienced moment by moment. By looking at a vision of the world without memory, Embers considers if our humanity is one thing that is impossible to forget. Memory is uniquely imperfect, “ and profoundly personal. My memories are precious to me. I love how memories are formed and reformed in a way that is so specific to each of our minds, like a fingerprint constantly being redrawn. Strung together, memories allow us to tell a story of who we are - to ourselves and to others.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroimaging and the Functional Neuroanatomy of Psychotherapy
    Psychological Medicine, 2005, 35, 1385–1398. f 2005 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0033291705005064 Printed in the United Kingdom REVIEW ARTICLE Neuroimaging and the functional neuroanatomy of psychotherapy JOSHUA L. ROFFMAN*, CARL D. MARCI, DEBRA M. GLICK, DARIN D. DOUGHERTY AND SCOTT L. RAUCH Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ABSTRACT Background. Studies measuring the effects of psychotherapy on brain function are under-rep- resented relative to analogous studies of medications, possibly reflecting historical biases. However, psychological constructs relevant to several modalities of psychotherapy have demonstrable neuro- biological correlates, as indicated by functional neuroimaging studies in healthy subjects. This review examines initial attempts to measure directly the effects of psychotherapy on brain function in patients with depression or anxiety disorders. Method. Fourteen published, peer-reviewed functional neuroimaging investigations of psycho- therapy were identified through a MEDLINE search and critically reviewed. Studies were compared for consistency of findings both within specific diagnostic categories, and between specific mod- alities of psychotherapy. Results were also compared to predicted neural models of psychother- apeutic interventions. Results. Behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders was consistently associated with attenuation of brain-imaging abnormalities in regions linked to the pathophysiology of anxiety, and with acti- vation in regions related to positive reappraisal of anxiogenic stimuli. In studies of major depressive disorder, cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy were associated with markedly similar changes in cortical–subcortical circuitry, but in unexpected directions. For any given psy- chiatric disorder, there was only partial overlap between the brain-imaging changes associated with pharmacotherapy and those associated with psychotherapy.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultra-High-Field Imaging Reveals Increased Whole Brain Connectivity
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Ultra-high-field imaging reveals increased whole brain connectivity underpins cognitive strategies that attenuate pain Enrico Schulz1,2*, Anne Stankewitz2, Anderson M Winkler1,3, Stephanie Irving2, Viktor Witkovsky´ 4, Irene Tracey1 1Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; 2Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨ t Mu¨ nchen, Munich, Germany; 3Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States; 4Department of Theoretical Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Abstract We investigated how the attenuation of pain with cognitive interventions affects brain connectivity using neuroimaging and a whole brain novel analysis approach. While receiving tonic cold pain, 20 healthy participants performed three different pain attenuation strategies during simultaneous collection of functional imaging data at seven tesla. Participants were asked to rate their pain after each trial. We related the trial-by-trial variability of the attenuation performance to the trial-by-trial functional connectivity strength change of brain data. Across all conditions, we found that a higher performance of pain attenuation was predominantly associated with higher functional connectivity. Of note, we observed an association between low pain and high connectivity for regions that belong to brain regions long associated with pain processing, the insular and cingulate cortices. For one of the cognitive strategies (safe place), the performance of pain attenuation was explained by diffusion tensor imaging metrics of increased white matter integrity. *For correspondence: [email protected] Competing interests: The Introduction authors declare that no An increased perception of pain is generally associated with increased cortical activity; this has been competing interests exist.
    [Show full text]