DOCSLIB.ORG

Phyllosilicates 1 Mica Minerals Etc

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phyllosilicates 1 Mica Minerals Etc UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 302: Crystallography & Mineralogy Lecture 23: Phyllosilicates 1 Mica Minerals etc. Last Time Class VIII Minerals: Inosilicates (part 2) 1. Amphiboles Inosilicates (double chain) Two major sub groups of amphiboles are distinguished on the basis of crystal structure: 1) Orthorhombic Amphiboles 2) Monoclinic Amphiboles http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/GRAPHIC0/ROCKMIN/ATOM-STRUCT/amphibchain.gif Inosilicates (double chain) General formula: XY((Al,Si)4O11)2(OH)2 2+ + X[larger ions] = Ca , Na 2+ 3+ 2+/3+ 2+/3+ Y[smaller ions] = Mg , Al , Fe , Mn ) http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/amphibole_cleavage.gif Inosilicates (double chain) We recognize several amphibole series (solid solution) 1) Anthophyllite Series (Orthorhombic) 2) Cummingtonite Series (Monoclinic) 3) Actinolite Series (Monoclinic) 4) Hornblende Series (Monoclinic) 5) Glaucophane Series (Monoclinic) 6) Riebeckite Series (Monoclinic) 7) Arfvedsonite-Eckermannite Series (Mono) http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/amphibole-compositions.gif “Hornblende”: (Ca,Na,K)2-3(Mg,Fe,Al)5Si6(Si,Al)2O22(OH)2 “Glaucophane”: Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2 2+ 3+ “Riebeckite”: Na2Fe 3Fe 2Si8O22(OH)2 2+ “Arvedsonite”: Na3(Mg,Fe )4AlSi8O22(OH)2 Asbestos Minerals Several minerals with a fibrous habit that have useful economic properties (flexible, high melting points, tensile strength, heat resistance) Amphibole Asbestos minerals: Anthophyllite, Tremolite, Amosite, Actinolite, Crocidolite Serpentine Asbestos minerals: Clinochrysotile, Orthochrysotile Crocidolite (“blue asbestos”) is part of the Riebeckite series and is the worst of the asbestos minerals (at least according to legal websites) http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/Thomas/lteng/engeimg/enge0247a.JPG Today’s Agenda Phyllosilicates Part 1 1. General chemistry/structure 2. Phyllosilicate classification 3. Mica, chlorite and talc groups Phyllosilicates Si:O ratio = 2:5 (3 shared oxygens) Phyllosilicates Si:O ratio = 2:5 (3 shared oxygens) -4 -8 Anion component: Si4O10 or Si8O20 -5 -6 With Al substitution: AlSi3O10 or Al2Si2O10 Phyllosilicates Si:O ratio = 2:5 (3 shared oxygens) -4 -8 Anion component: Si4O10 or Si8O20 -5 -6 With Al substitution: AlSi3O10 or Al2Si2O10 General Formula: XYAlSi3O10(OH)2 X = K+, Na+, Li+, Ca2+ 2+/3+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 3+ Y = Fe , Mg , Al , rarely Cr , Ni , Mn Example (Muscovite): KAl2 AlSi3O10(OH)2 Phyllosilicate Structure Inosilicate Structure (Amphibole) 6- Si4O11 Phyllosilicate Structure Inosilicate Structure (Amphibole) 6- Si4O11 Phyllosilicate Structure (Mica) 4- Si4O10 Phyllosilicate Structure Phyllosilicate Structure (Mica) 4- Si4O10 cross sectional view Phyllosilicate Structure Tetrahedral layer Octahedral layer Tetrahedral layer Phyllosilicate Structure Tetrahedral layers 4- (mostly SiO4 ) Cation layers (K+, Mg2+, Na+ etc.) also H2O (clays) Octahedral layers (variable; Al/Mg/OH) Phyllosilicate Structure C-axis Perfect Basal Cleavage Phyllosilicate Structure The octahedral layers are given specific names according to the nature of the “filling”. Need 6 x OH for octahedral coordination Phyllosilicate Structure The octahedral layers are given specific names according to the nature of the “filling”. Need 6 x OH for octahedral coordination Al2(OH)6 = Gibbsite Layer (Al(OH)3) 2 x Al = dioctahedral coordination Mg3(OH)6 = Brucite Layer (Mg(OH)2) 3 x Mg = trioctahedral coordination Phyllosilicate Classification Is rather nasty, but most are either monoclinic or triclinic. Classification is further done of the basis of: Phyllosilicate Classification Is rather nasty, but most are either monoclinic or triclinic. Classification is further done of the basis of: 1. Composition of octahedral layer Phyllosilicate Classification Is rather nasty, but most are either monoclinic or triclinic. Classification is further done of the basis of: 1. Composition of octahedral layer 2. Repeat distance (distance between T-O-T “sandwiches”) Phyllosilicate Classification Is rather nasty, but most are either monoclinic or triclinic. Classification is further done of the basis of: 1. Composition of octahedral layer 2. Repeat distance (distance between T-O-T “sandwiches”) 3. Whether structure is expandable (clays) Phyllosilicate Classification Is rather nasty, but most are either monoclinic or triclinic. Classification is further done of the basis of: 1. Composition of octahedral layer 2. Repeat distance (distance between T-O-T “sandwiches”) 3. Whether structure is expandable (clays) 4. Number of layers in the “sandwiches” (2 versus 3) Phyllosilicate Classification 2:1 Structure (Most micas and clays) Phyllosilicate Classification 2:1 Structure (Most micas and clays) 1:1 Structure (kaolinite, serpentine, halloysite, Chrysotile, allophane) Phyllosilicate Classification 2:1 Structure (Most micas and clays) 1:1 & 2:1 Interlayered (Chlorite Group) 1:1 Structure (kaolinite, serpentine, halloysite, Chrysotile, allophane) Phyllosilicate Minerals (excludes clays, serpentine groups, and others) Phyllosilicate Minerals (micas, 2:1 layers) Biotite [K(Fe,Mg)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 ] Crystal: Monoclinic Pt. Group: 2/m Habit: platy (flexible) SG: 2.8-3.4; H: 2.5-3 L: vitreous to pearly; Str: grey Col: brown (reddish to greenish) Clev: perfect [001] Optics: Biaxial (-); bir=0.030-0.070 nα=1.522; nβ=1.548, nγ=1.549 Occurrence: Intermediate Ig; Named after French physicist, Jean Baptiste Biot (1774 - med. grade metamorphic rocks 1862), who studied the optical properties of the micas. Phyllosilicate Minerals (micas, 2:1 layers) Muscovite [KAl2 AlSi3O10(OH)2] Crystal: Monoclinic Pt. Group: 2/m Habit: platy (flexible) SG: 2.82; H: 2 to 2.5 L: vitreous to pearly; Str: white Col: white (gold, silver, green) Clev: Perfect [001] Optics: Biaxial (-); bir=0.036-0.049 nα=1.552; nβ=1.582, nγ=1.587 From Muscovy glass, alluding to the Russian province Occurrence: pegmatitic Ig., med of Muscovy. grade Meta, sericite in Sed. rocks Phyllosilicate Minerals (micas, 2:1 layers) Fuchsite (v. muscovite) [K(Al,Cr)2 AlSi3O10(OH)2] Crystal: Monoclinic Pt. Group: 2/m Habit: platy (flexible) SG: 2.82; H: 2 to 2.5 L: vitreous to pearly; Str: white http://www.dakotamatrix.com/images/products/fuchsite15805a.jpg Col: emerald green Clev: Perfect [001] The Cr-variety of muscovite. The Ba-rich variety is called Binnite Optics: Biaxial (-); bir=0.032 nα=1.569; nβ=1.598, nγ=1.601 Occurrence: metamorphic rocks Phyllosilicate Minerals (micas, 2:1 layers) Phlogopite (biotiote series) [KMg3AlSi3O10(OH)2 ] Crystal: Monoclinic Pt. Group: 2/m Habit: platy SG: 2.8; H: 2 to 2.5 L: vitreous to pearly; Str: white Col: brown, green, reddish-brown Clev: perfect [001] Optics: Biaxial (-); bir=0.028-0.045 http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=9648&rendTypeId=4 Name Derivation: From the Greek flogopos - "resembling fire." nα=1.53; nβ=1.557, nγ=1.558 Occurrence: Ultramafic Ig; Meta carbonates Phyllosilicate Minerals (micas, 2:1 layers) Lepidolite (biotite series) [K(Li,Al)2-3AlSi3O10(OH)2 ] Crystal: Monoclinic Pt. Group: 2/m Habit: platy SG: 2.84; H: 2.5-3 L: vitreous to pearly; Str: white Col: lilac (yellowish) to colourless http://webmineral.com/specimens/picshow.php?id=671 Clev: perfect [001] Optics: Biaxial (-); bir=0.029-0.038 Name Derivation: From the Greek lepidion - "scale" nα=1.525; nβ=1.551, nγ=1.554 Occurrence: Li-bearing pegmatites Phyllosilicate Minerals (micas, 2:1 layers) Margarite [CaAl2Al2Si2O10(OH)2 ] Crystal: Monoclinic Pt. Group: 2/m Habit: scaly, massive SG: 3.03; H: 4 L: pearly; Str: white Col: white, grey (pinkish) http://webmineral.com/specimens/picshow.php?id=671 Clev: good [001] Optics: Biaxial (-); bir=0.012-0.032 From the Greek margaritos - "pearl." nα=1.595; nβ=1.625, nγ=1.627 Occurrence: alteration product associated with corundum Phyllosilicate Minerals (interlayered) Clinochlore (Chlorite Group) (Mg,Fe)3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2(Mg,Fe)3(OH)6 Crystal: Monoclinic Pt. Group: 2/m Habit: scaly, massive SG: 2.65; H: 2 to 2.5 L: vitreous to pearly; Str: white Col: green to black http://itc.gsw.edu/faculty/tweiland/chlorit.jpg Clev: perfect [001] From the Greek klino - "oblique" and chloros - " green. Optics: Biaxial (+); bir=0.005-0.011 nα=1.571; nβ=1.571; nγ=1.576 Occurrence: Low grade metamorphosed mafic rocks, burial-grade sedimentary diagenesis Phyllosilicate Minerals (2:1 layers) Talc (Talc Group) [Mg3Si4O10(OH)2] Crystal: Monoclinic Pt. Group: 2/m Habit: scaly, massive SG: 2.75; H: 1 L: vitreous to pearly; Str: white Col: any colour, including smurf Clev: perfect [001] http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/resources/collection/minerals/minerals Optics: Biaxial (-); bir=0.037-0.050 From the Arabian “talcia” meaning keep baby’s ass dry nα=1.538; nβ=1.575, nγ=1.575 Occurrence: hydrothermal metamorphism Phyllosilicate Minerals (talc group; 2:1 layers) Pyrophyllite Al2Si4O10(OH)2 Crystal: Triclinic Pt. Group: 1 Habit: massive, acicular SG: 2.75; H: 1.5 to 2 L: pearly; Str: white Col: brown, grey, green, white Clev: perfect [001] Optics: Biaxial (-); bir=0.045-0.062 http://www.mindat.org/photo-60228.html From the Greek pyr - "fire" and phyllon – “leaf” nα=1.534; nβ=1.586, nγ=1.596 Occurrence: hydrothermal metamorphic veins GY 302: Crystallography and Mineralogy Lecture 23: Silicates 6: Micas Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick [email protected] This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes. For personal use only. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download PDF About Minerals Sorted by Mineral Name
    MINERALS SORTED BY NAME Here is an alphabetical list of minerals discussed on this site. More information on and photographs of these minerals in Kentucky is available in the book “Rocks and Minerals of Kentucky” (Anderson, 1994). APATITE Crystal system: hexagonal. Fracture: conchoidal. Color: red, brown, white. Hardness: 5.0. Luster: opaque or semitransparent. Specific gravity: 3.1. Apatite, also called cellophane, occurs in peridotites in eastern and western Kentucky. A microcrystalline variety of collophane found in northern Woodford County is dark reddish brown, porous, and occurs in phosphatic beds, lenses, and nodules in the Tanglewood Member of the Lexington Limestone. Some fossils in the Tanglewood Member are coated with phosphate. Beds are generally very thin, but occasionally several feet thick. The Woodford County phosphate beds were mined during the early 1900s near Wallace, Ky. BARITE Crystal system: orthorhombic. Cleavage: often in groups of platy or tabular crystals. Color: usually white, but may be light shades of blue, brown, yellow, or red. Hardness: 3.0 to 3.5. Streak: white. Luster: vitreous to pearly. Specific gravity: 4.5. Tenacity: brittle. Uses: in heavy muds in oil-well drilling, to increase brilliance in the glass-making industry, as filler for paper, cosmetics, textiles, linoleum, rubber goods, paints. Barite generally occurs in a white massive variety (often appearing earthy when weathered), although some clear to bluish, bladed barite crystals have been observed in several vein deposits in central Kentucky, and commonly occurs as a solid solution series with celestite where barium and strontium can substitute for each other. Various nodular zones have been observed in Silurian–Devonian rocks in east-central Kentucky.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington State Minerals Checklist
    Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Phyllosilicates and Aqueous Alteration Products at Tyrrhena Terra, Mars
    52nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2021 (LPI Contrib. No. 2548) 1323.pdf MAPPING PHYLLOSILICATES AND AQUEOUS ALTERATION PRODUCTS AT TYRRHENA TERRA, MARS. F. H. Grant1 and J. L. Bishop2, 1University of California, Los Angeles (Los Angeles, CA; [email protected]), 2SETI Institute (Mountain View, CA). Summary: Outcrops of phyllosilicates and small sites of less common aqueous alteration minerals were mapped at Tyrrhena Terra on Mars using CRISM pa- rameters, and CRISM spectral data were collected to more closely analyze the mineralogy in this region. Fe- and Mg-rich smectite and chlorite group phyllosilicates are both detected at Tyrrhena Terra, including sapo- nite, chamosite, and clinochlore. Zeolites and car- bonates are among the rarer alteration minerals also observed at Tyrrhena Terra that further constrain the alteration history in this region. More chlorite than smectite is observed, indicating higher temperature alteration processes occurred at Tyrrhena Terra. Introduction: Tyrrhena Terra is a region in the southern hemisphere of Mars, between the Isidis and Hellas impact basins and south of Libya Montes. The selected study site (Fig. 1) is of particular interest be- cause it has a large concentration of phyllosilicate minerals exposed on the surface, among small outcrops of rarer aqueous alteration minerals [1]. Phyllosilicates are a crucial mineral group to study when striving to understand the aqueous alteration history of a region. Less common aqueous alteration minerals, including zeolite, carbonate, and hydrated sulfates, are also im- portant to further constrain the alteration history of a region [2]. For this research project, we focused pri- marily on identifying the phyllosilicate minerals smec- tite and chlorite.
    [Show full text]
  • NMAM 9000: Asbestos, Chrysotile By
    ASBESTOS, CHRYSOTILE by XRD 9000 MW: ~283 CAS: 12001-29-5 RTECS: CI6478500 METHOD: 9000, Issue 3 EVALUATION: FULL Issue 1: 15 May 1989 Issue 3: 20 October 2015 EPA Standard (Bulk): 1% by weight PROPERTIES: Solid, fibrous mineral; conversion to forsterite at 580 °C; attacked by acids; loses water above 300 °C SYNONYMS: Chrysotile SAMPLING MEASUREMENT BULK TECHNIQUE: X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION SAMPLE: 1 g to 10 g ANALYTE: Chrysotile SHIPMENT: Seal securely to prevent escape of asbestos PREPARATION: Grind under liquid nitrogen; wet-sieve SAMPLE through 10 µm sieve STABILITY: Indefinitely DEPOSIT: 5 mg dust on 0.45 µm silver membrane BLANKS: None required filter ACCURACY XRD: Copper target X-ray tube; optimize for intensity; 1° slit; integrated intensity with RANGE STUDIED: 1% to 100% in talc [1] background subtraction BIAS: Negligible if standards and samples are CALIBRATION: Suspensions of asbestos in 2-propanol matched in particle size [1] RANGE: 1% to 100% asbestos OVERALL PRECISION ( ): Unknown; depends on matrix and ESTIMATED LOD: 0.2% asbestos in talc and calcite; 0.4% concentration asbestos in heavy X-ray absorbers such as ferric oxide ACCURACY: ±14% to ±25% PRECISION ( ): 0.07 (5% to 100% asbestos); 0.10 (@ 3% asbestos); 0.125 (@ 1% asbestos) APPLICABILITY: Analysis of percent chrysotile asbestos in bulk samples. INTERFERENCES: Antigorite (massive serpentine), chlorite, kaolinite, bementite, and brushite interfere. X-ray fluorescence and absorption is a problem with some elements; fluorescence can be circumvented with a diffracted beam monochromator, and absorption is corrected for in this method. OTHER METHODS: This is NIOSH method P&CAM 309 [2] applied to bulk samples only, since the sensitivity is not adequate for personal air samples.
    [Show full text]
  • A108-316 (10/10/16)
    American Industrial Hygiene Association Bulk Asbestos Proficiency Analytical Testing Program Results of Round A108-316 10/10/2016 John Herrock Laboratory ID Number Total Penalty Points 0 University of Louisiana, Monroe - Dept of 213022 Round Status P Toxicology Program Status P 700 University Ave. Monroe, LA 71209 UNITED STATES Lot Designation\Sample ID Numbers A) 1761 B) 2702 C) 1897 D) 4134 Analysis Results from Laboratory Number 213022 Asbestos (%) CHRY (3) ANTH(22) NONE CHRY (1) Other Fibrous Materials (%) FBGL (1) Nonfibrous Material (%) ACID (52) OTHR (55) ACID (60) OTHR (60) MICA (33) MICA (11) OTHR (38) ACID (29) Penalty Points Assessed 0 0 0 0 Analysis Results from Reference Laboratory One Asbestos (%) CHRY(5.8) ANTH (12) NONE CHRY (3.8) ACTN (0.1) Other Fibrous Materials (%) CELL (0.1) OTHR *1 (0.1) CELL (1) Nonfibrous Material (%) MICA (45) OTHR *2(87.9) OTHR *3 (35) PERL (20) CASO (49) OTHR *4 (65) OTHR *5 (20) OTHR *6 (55.2) Analysis Results from Reference Laboratory Two Asbestos (%) CHRY (2.5) ANTH (28) (0) CHRY(3.5%) TREM(trace) Other Fibrous Materials (%) FBGL (trace) Nonfibrous Material (%) OTHR *7 (60) OTHR *9 (24) OTHR *11 (80) OTHR *14 (20) OTHR *8(37.5) OTHR *10 (48) OTHR *12 (18) OTHR *15(76.5) OTHR *13 (2) Analysis Results from RTI International Asbestos (%) CHRY (4) ANTH (28) NONE CHRY (3) ACTN (Tra) Other Fibrous Materials (%) OTHR *16(Tra) POLY (Tra) CELL (1) OTHR *17(Tra) Nonfibrous Material (%) MICA (29) OTHR *18 (53) CACO (89) OTHR *22 (28) CASO (67) OTHR *19 (19) OTHR *20 (9) PERL (45) OTHR *21 (2) OTHR *23
    [Show full text]
  • 40 Common Minerals and Their Uses
    40 Common Minerals and Their Uses Aluminum Beryllium The most abundant metal element in Earth’s Used in the nuclear industry and to crust. Aluminum originates as an oxide called make light, very strong alloys used in the alumina. Bauxite ore is the main source aircraft industry. Beryllium salts are used of aluminum and must be imported from in fluorescent lamps, in X-ray tubes and as Jamaica, Guinea, Brazil, Guyana, etc. Used a deoxidizer in bronze metallurgy. Beryl is in transportation (automobiles), packaging, the gem stones emerald and aquamarine. It building/construction, electrical, machinery is used in computers, telecommunication and other uses. The U.S. was 100 percent products, aerospace and defense import reliant for its aluminum in 2012. applications, appliances and automotive and consumer electronics. Also used in medical Antimony equipment. The U.S. was 10 percent import A native element; antimony metal is reliant in 2012. extracted from stibnite ore and other minerals. Used as a hardening alloy for Chromite lead, especially storage batteries and cable The U.S. consumes about 6 percent of world sheaths; also used in bearing metal, type chromite ore production in various forms metal, solder, collapsible tubes and foil, sheet of imported materials, such as chromite ore, and pipes and semiconductor technology. chromite chemicals, chromium ferroalloys, Antimony is used as a flame retardant, in chromium metal and stainless steel. Used fireworks, and in antimony salts are used in as an alloy and in stainless and heat resisting the rubber, chemical and textile industries, steel products. Used in chemical and as well as medicine and glassmaking.
    [Show full text]
  • Clay Minerals Soils to Engineering Technology to Cat Litter
    Clay Minerals Soils to Engineering Technology to Cat Litter USC Mineralogy Geol 215a (Anderson) Clay Minerals Clay minerals likely are the most utilized minerals … not just as the soils that grow plants for foods and garment, but a great range of applications, including oil absorbants, iron casting, animal feeds, pottery, china, pharmaceuticals, drilling fluids, waste water treatment, food preparation, paint, and … yes, cat litter! Bentonite workings, WY Clay Minerals There are three main groups of clay minerals: Kaolinite - also includes dickite and nacrite; formed by the decomposition of orthoclase feldspar (e.g. in granite); kaolin is the principal constituent in china clay. Illite - also includes glauconite (a green clay sand) and are the commonest clay minerals; formed by the decomposition of some micas and feldspars; predominant in marine clays and shales. Smectites or montmorillonites - also includes bentonite and vermiculite; formed by the alteration of mafic igneous rocks rich in Ca and Mg; weak linkage by cations (e.g. Na+, Ca++) results in high swelling/shrinking potential Clay Minerals are Phyllosilicates All have layers of Si tetrahedra SEM view of clay and layers of Al, Fe, Mg octahedra, similar to gibbsite or brucite Clay Minerals The kaolinite clays are 1:1 phyllosilicates The montmorillonite and illite clays are 2:1 phyllosilicates 1:1 and 2:1 Clay Minerals Marine Clays Clays mostly form on land but are often transported to the oceans, covering vast regions. Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)2 Kaolinite clays have long been used in the ceramic industry, especially in fine porcelains, because they can be easily molded, have a fine texture, and are white when fired.
    [Show full text]
  • Metamorphic and Metasomatic Kyanite-Bearing Mineral
    Metamorphic and Metasomatic Kyanite-Bearing Mineral Assemblages of Thassos Island (Rhodope, Greece) Alexandre Tarantola, Panagiotis Voudouris, Aurélien Eglinger, Christophe Scheffer, Kimberly Trebus, Marie Bitte, Benjamin Rondeau, Constantinos Mavrogonatos, Ian Graham, Marius Etienne, et al. To cite this version: Alexandre Tarantola, Panagiotis Voudouris, Aurélien Eglinger, Christophe Scheffer, Kimberly Tre- bus, et al.. Metamorphic and Metasomatic Kyanite-Bearing Mineral Assemblages of Thassos Island (Rhodope, Greece). Minerals, MDPI, 2019, 10.3390/min9040252. hal-02932247 HAL Id: hal-02932247 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02932247 Submitted on 7 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. minerals Article Metamorphic and Metasomatic Kyanite-Bearing Mineral Assemblages of Thassos Island (Rhodope, Greece) Alexandre Tarantola 1,* , Panagiotis Voudouris 2 , Aurélien Eglinger 1, Christophe Scheffer 1,3, Kimberly Trebus 1, Marie Bitte 1, Benjamin Rondeau 4 , Constantinos Mavrogonatos 2 , Ian Graham 5, Marius Etienne 1 and Chantal Peiffert
    [Show full text]
  • A RARE-ALKALI BIOTITE from KINGS MOUNTAIN, NORTH CAROLINA1 Fnanr L
    A RARE-ALKALI BIOTITE FROM KINGS MOUNTAIN, NORTH CAROLINA1 FnaNr L. Hnss2 arqn Ror-r.rx E. SrrvrNs3 Severalyears ago, after Judge Harry E. Way of Custer, South Dakota, had spectroscopically detected the rare-alkali metals in a deep-brown mica from a pegmatite containing pollucite and lithium minerals, in Tin Mountain, 7 miles west of Custer, another brown mica was collected, which had developed notably in mica schist at its contact with a similar mass of pegmatite about one half mile east of Tin Mountai". J. J. Fahey of the United States GeolgoicalSurvey analyzed the mica, and it proved to contain the rare-alkali metalsaand to be considerably difierent from any mica theretofore described. Although the cesium-bearing minerals before known (pollucite, lepidolite, and beryl) had come from the zone of highest temperature in the pegmatite, the brown mica was from the zone of lowest temperature. The occurrence naturally suggestedthat where dark mica was found developed at the border of a pegmatite, especially one carrying lithium minerals, it should be examined for the rare-alkali metals. As had been found by Judge Way, spectroscopictests on the biotite from Tin Moun- tain gave strong lithium and rubidium lines, and faint cesium lines. Lithium lines were shown in a biotite from the border of the Morefield pegmatite, a mile south of Winterham, Virginia, but rubidium and cesium w'erenot detected. $imilarly placed dark micas from Newry and Hodgeon HiII, near Buckfield, Maine, gave negative results. They should be retested. Tests by Dr. Charles E. White on a shiny dark mica from the Chestnut FIat pegmatite near Spruce Pine, North Carolina, gave strong lithium and weaker cesium lines.
    [Show full text]
  • Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Chlorite Minerals
    Hindawi Journal of Spectroscopy Volume 2018, Article ID 6958260, 11 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6958260 Research Article Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Chlorite Minerals 1,2 2 2 3 1 3 Min Yang , Meifang Ye, Haihui Han, Guangli Ren, Ling Han, and Zhuan Zhang 1School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China 2Xi’an Centre of China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, China 3Key Laboratory for Geohazards in Loess Areas, Chinese Ministry of Land and Resources, Xi’an 710054, China Correspondence should be addressed to Min Yang; [email protected] Received 3 September 2017; Accepted 3 December 2017; Published 26 February 2018 Academic Editor: Juan A. Cecilia Copyright © 2018 Min Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The mineral chemistry of twenty chlorite samples from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) spectral library and two other regions, having a wide range of Fe and Mg contents and relatively constant Al and Si contents, was studied via infrared (IR) spectroscopy, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. Five absorption features of the − − twenty samples near 4525, 4440, 4361, 4270, and 4182 cm 1 were observed, and two diagnostic features at 4440 and 4280 cm 1 were recognized. Assignments of the two diagnostic features were made for two combination bands ( ν + δ AlAl O−OH and ν + δ SiAl O−OH) by regression with IR fundamental absorptions.
    [Show full text]
  • Mica Data Sheet
    108 MICA (NATURAL) (Data in metric tons unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: Scrap and flake mica production, excluding low-quality sericite, was estimated to be 38,000 tons valued at $4.6 million. Mica was mined in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Dakota. Scrap mica was recovered principally from mica and sericite schist and as a byproduct from feldspar, industrial sand beneficiation, and kaolin. Eight companies produced an estimated 63,000 tons of ground mica valued at about $22 million from domestic and imported scrap and flake mica. The majority of domestic production was processed into small-particle- size mica by either wet or dry grinding. Primary uses were joint compound, oil-well-drilling additives, paint, roofing, and rubber products. A minor amount of sheet mica was produced as incidental production from feldspar mining in North Carolina. Data was withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data. The domestic consuming industry was dependent on imports to meet demand for sheet mica. Most sheet mica was fabricated into parts for electrical and electronic equipment. Salient Statistics—United States: 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e Scrap and flake: Production:1 Sold and used 32,600 28,000 40,000 44,000 38,000 Ground 65,800 59,500 69,700 65,300 63,000 Imports2 33,200 31,500 29,700 28,100 29,000 Exports3 7,440 6,340 6,790 6,000 5,900 Consumption, apparent4 58,400 53,200 62,900 66,100 61,000 Price, average, dollars per metric ton, reported: Scrap and flake 142 152 165 122 120 Ground: Dry 305 320 292 308 310 Wet 423 435 424 454 480 Employment, mine, number NA NA NA NA NA Net import reliance5 as a percentage of apparent consumption 44 47 36 33 37 Sheet: Sold and used W W W W W Imports6 2,390 2,120 1,850 1,860 2,500 Exports7 911 689 704 686 950 Consumption, apparent5 1,480 1,430 1,150 1,170 1,600 Price, average value, dollars per kilogram, muscovite and phlogopite mica, reported: Block W W W W W Splittings 1.61 1.61 1.66 1.65 1.65 Net import reliance5 as a percentage of apparent consumption 100 100 100 100 100 Recycling: None.
    [Show full text]
  • Rock and Mineral Identification for Engineers
    Rock and Mineral Identification for Engineers November 1991 r~ u.s. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration acid bottle 8 granite ~~_k_nife _) v / muscovite 8 magnify~in_g . lens~ 0 09<2) Some common rocks, minerals, and identification aids (see text). Rock And Mineral Identification for Engineers TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................ 1 Minerals ...................................................................................... 2 Rocks ........................................................................................... 6 Mineral Identification Procedure ............................................ 8 Rock Identification Procedure ............................................... 22 Engineering Properties of Rock Types ................................. 42 Summary ................................................................................... 49 Appendix: References ............................................................. 50 FIGURES 1. Moh's Hardness Scale ......................................................... 10 2. The Mineral Chert ............................................................... 16 3. The Mineral Quartz ............................................................. 16 4. The Mineral Plagioclase ...................................................... 17 5. The Minerals Orthoclase ..................................................... 17 6. The Mineral Hornblende ...................................................
    [Show full text]