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Portadatesisjavi PDF.Cdr UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE ZOOLOGÍA Y ANTROPOLOGÍA FÍSICA BRIOZOOS ESTUDIADOS DURANTE LA REALIZACIÓN DEL PROYECTO “FAUNA IBERICA: BRIOZOOS I” Memoria que presenta D. JAVIER SOUTO DERUNGS para optar al Grado de Doctor en Biología Santiago de Compostela, enero de 2011 ISBN 978-84-9887-631-4 (Edición digital PDF) D. EUGENIO FERNÁNDEZ PULPEIRO, PROFESOR TITULAR DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE ZOOLOGÍA Y ANTROPOLOGÍA FÍSICA DE LA FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA Y D. OSCAR REVERTER GIL, DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS POR LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA CERTIFICAN: Que la presente memoria titulada BRIOZOOS ESTUDIADOS DURANTE LA REALIZACIÓN DEL PROYECTO “FAUNA IBERICA: BRIOZOOS I”, que presenta D. JAVIER SOUTO DERUNGS para optar al Grado de Doctor en Biología, ha sido realizada en el Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física de la Facultad de Biología bajo nuestra dirección; y, considerando que representa trabajo de Tesis Doctoral, autorizamos la presentación de la misma. Y para que conste, firmamos el presente certificado en Santiago de Compostela a 31 de enero de 2011. Fdo.: Dr. Oscar Reverter Gil Fdo.: Dr. Eugenio Fernández Pulpeiro A mi familia Agradecimientos No resulta sencillo sintetizar los agradecimientos necesarios hacia aquellos que han hecho posible llevar a cabo este trabajo. Quizás sea fácil delimitar el tiempo que ha durado la realización de la tesis, pero es difícil determinar la gente que ha influenciado de una forma u otra en su consecución, ya que no coinciden necesariamente los plazos. Por lo que, aún resultando una osadía por mi parte, e imposible por espacio, intentar nombrar a todos, no quiero dejar pasar la oportunidad de mostrar mis agradecimientos a las personas sin las cuales, por un motivo profesional, personal, o lo que es más raro, ambos a la vez, no hubiese sido posible este trabajo. Deseo por lo tanto, que todos se vean reflejados en estas palabras. En primer lugar, como no puede ser de otra forma, pero no por ello un formalismo, quisiera mostrar mí agradecimiento a los directores de esta tesis, sin los cuales, tanto científica como personalmente, no hubiese sido posible llevar a cabo este trabajo. A Eugenio, por confiar en mí desde muy temprano y contagiarme su interés por los Briozoos; por sobreponerse a todos los problemas que fueron surgiendo y, a pesar de ellos, tener siempre una palabra de ánimo para continuar. A Oscar, quien ha depositado mucha ilusión y trabajo en esta tesis; que ha dedicado un esfuerzo, tanto en lo profesional como en lo familiar difícilmente recompensable, y que sin él esto no hubiese sido posible. Por ello no puedo dejar de nombrar a Teresa e Inés, mujer e hija, que seguro este trabajo también lo han sufrido, por lo que considero deben de estar en estos agradecimientos. Espero poder seguir compartiendo ilusión y trabajo durante mucho tiempo con los dos, ya que esto, sólo es un punto y seguido. He tenido la oportunidad de realizar tres estancias en París, las cuales no habrían sido posibles sin la ayuda y confianza de Jean-Loup d’Hondt. Y no sólo por recibirme, sino también por la accesibilidad para responder las dudas que le planteábamos. A Pierre Lozouet, actual responsable de las colecciones de Briozoos, a H. Senut y J.P. Saint Martin, del laboratorio de Paleontología, que también me ayudaron durante mis estancias en París. A Javier Sánchez Almazán y Francisco Yagüe, del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, que pacientemente me fueron enviando el material, además de soportarme revolviendo durante un mes. No quiero olvidarme aquí de agradecer a la gente del museo, especialmente a Annie Machordom, por la agradable estancia que me hicieron pasar en Madrid. A Mary Spencer Jones, del Natural History Museum de Londres, quien buscó y empaquetó todas las muestras que le fuimos pidiendo. A Henry McGhie y Rebecca Machin, del Manchester Museum, por los prestamos de material de la colección Waters. A Michel Creuzé des Châtelliers, de la Université Lyon1, que localizó para nosotros las muestras de la Caudan conservadas en la universidad. A M. Bruni, del Musée Océanographique de Monaco por el envío de diferentes muestras. A Carmen Barbera y Joan Moranta, del IEO de Baleares, por cedernos el material procedente de la campaña Canal0209. A los Drs. Mikel Zabala, Carlos María López-Fe, F.K. McKinney y J.G. Harmelin, quienes además de responder a nuestras consultas, nos enviaron el material de sus colecciones personales. También quiero agradecer aquí a B. Berning, P. Bock, D.P. Gordon, P.J. Hayward, L.M. Vieira, A.N. Ostrovski, A. Rosso, J. López Gappa y P.D. Taylor, por el interés en ayudarnos a solventar los diferentes problemas que fueron surgiendo. Al programa Synthesys, que financió una de las estancias en París para estudiar el material; y su responsable en París, Virginie Boutel, siempre atenta a cualquier cosa en la que poder ayudar. Una mención especial merece la gente del servicio de microscopia electrónica, Miro, Raquel y Merche, con los que he pasado gran cantidad de horas, y me han ayudado a realizar las fotografías de esta memoria. No puedo olvidarme aquí de mis compañeros de laboratorio, con los que también compartí un montón de horas tanto en la facultad como de muestreo, con muchos momentos agradables, pero también otros más duros, pero que juntos hemos conseguido sobrellevarlos. Por ello, a Elena, siempre dispuesta a echar una mano; a Vicente con quien compartí muchos muestreos en los últimos años; y a María, a quien preguntar sobre estadística. A Ignacio Bárbara, Javier Cremades, Pilar Díaz y Viviana Peña, del grupo de algas de la Universidad de A Coruña, por las muchas indicaciones dadas, y por permitirme acompañarlos en los muestreos realizados en Portugal, una parte muy importante de esta tesis. A los doctorandos del departamento de Zoología, compañeros de inquietudes, y que a pesar de no ser un asiduo a los cafés, siempre están para hacer breves descansos. Muchos son los compañeros de la facultad, que por una cosa u otra, deberían de aparecer en este apartado, pero se harían eternos, así que vaya a hacia ellos mi agradecimiento. Sin embargo, no puedo olvidarme de nombrar a los que conocí nada más llegar, y con los que a pesar del tiempo, y de los diferentes caminos tomados, mantenemos una gran amistad: Bruno, Marian, Raquel Romay, Javi y Antonio. Y por algún motivo, indefinible en palabras, muy especialmente a Raquel, quien además, siempre esta ahí, para cuidarme, como dice ella, en los momentos que más se necesita. Pero si de tiempo se trata, que decir de los amigos de Ferrol, que aún sin saber muy bien de que va esto siempre me han apoyado, y entre todos ellos especialmente a Pablo y a Victor. A Fran y a Toni, con quienes he compartido muchas inmersiones, algunas de ellas para recoger Briozoos, y que con el paso del tiempo van a distinguir las colonias mejor que yo. A Pablo Riera, con quien he ido muchas veces al mar, siempre con ganas de aprender, y que a pesar de las ocupaciones y la distancia, mantenemos una gran amistad. A Javi, con quien compartir y desahogar, pero, a fin de cuentas, con quien disfrutar de un montón de cosas. A Sofía y Benja, con quien cambiar de aires por Santiago adelante. A María, por su apoyo y comprensión. No cabría aquí todo lo que podría decir de ella, por ello, sólo darle las gracias; a ella pertenece gran parte de este trabajo. Y por último, y quizás, junto con los directores, los agradecimientos más necesarios y sentidos, a mis padres y mis hermanas, Silvia y Cristina, por su apoyo y comprensión incondicional, y que, por supuesto sin él, no estaría poniéndole final a este ciclo. Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el proyecto “Fauna Ibérica: Briozoos I (Ctenostomados y Queilostomados Anascos)” (CGL2006-04167), cofinanciado por Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y FEDER. Javier Souto Derungs ha disfrutado de una ayuda Predoctoral de la convocatoria de Axudas Propias de la USC. Además de una beca del programa europeo Synthesys financiado por “European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP6‘Structuring the European Research Area’ Programme” (FR-TAF-3988). Indice Indice 1. Introducción 1 1.1 Antecedentes del estudio de los Briozoos en la península ibérica 2 1.2 Justificación y objetivos 8 2. Área de estudio 11 3. Material y métodos 17 3.1 Procedencia del material 20 3.1.1 Material procedente de campañas de muestreo 20 3.1.1.1 Muestreos infralitorales 20 3.1.1.2 Muestreos intermareales 22 3.1.1.3 Campaña Canal0209 24 3.1.2 Material procedente de instituciones 24 3.1.2.1 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales 25 3.1.2.2 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 26 3.1.2.3 Natural History Museum 28 3.1.2.4 Manchester Museum 29 3.1.2.5 Otras colecciones 29 3.2 Métodos de estudio 30 3.3 Estudio estadístico 32 4. Resultados 33 4.1 Introducción 35 4.2 Inventario de las especies estudiadas 36 4.3 Estudio de las especies 40 Amathia lendigera (Linneo, 1758) 42 Amathia delicatula Souto et al., 2010 45 Amathia pruvoti Calvet, 1911 49 Amathia minoricensis Souto et al., 2010 54 Amathia semiconvoluta Lamouroux, 1824 58 XV Briozoos del proyecto: “Fauna Ibérica: Briozoos I” Amathia vidovici (Heller, 1867) 66 Bowerbankia pustulosa Ellis & Solander, 1786 71 Bowerbankia citrina (Hincks, 1877) 77 Aplousina filum (Jullien in Jullien & Calvet, 1903) 88 Aplousina major (Calvet, 1907) 90 Aplousina capriensis (Waters, 1898) 92 Barrosia balearica Souto et al., 2010 96 Clavodesia clavula (Hayward, 1978) comb. nov 100 Chaperiopsis hirsuta Reverter-Gil et al., 2009 107 Hincksina sp 112 Canda ligata (Jullien, 1882) comb.
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