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Neubau Und Betrieb Der Winterstation Neumayer Iii Und Rückführung Der Bestehenden Neumayer-Station Ii

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Neubau Und Betrieb Der Winterstation Neumayer Iii Und Rückführung Der Bestehenden Neumayer-Station Ii NEUBAU UND BETRIEB DER WINTERSTATION NEUMAYER III UND RÜCKFÜHRUNG DER BESTEHENDEN NEUMAYER-STATION II UMWELTVERTRÄGLICHKEITSSTUDIE Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung Bremerhaven Dezember 2004 / Juli 2005 Erstellt von Dietrich Enss Ingenieurbüro für Bau- und Polartechnik Achtern Barg 41 D-22885 Barsbüttel mit Unterstützung durch Mitarbeiter des Alfred-Wegener-Instituts Dr. Hartwig Gernandt Grundsatzfragen, Logistik Dr. Gert König-Langlo Meteorologie, Driftschnee Dr. Alfons Eckstaller Geophysik, Schelfeisdynamik Dr. Rolf Weller Luftchemie, Luftverschmutzung, Probennahmen Dr. Joachim Plötz Biologie, Ökosystem Dr. Hans Oerter Schnee, Eis, Logistik Dr. Saad El Naggar Energieversorgung, IT Jürgen Janneck Stationstechnik Christoph Ruholl Umweltrecht Fachleute, die Informationen und Ratschläge beigesteuert haben Prof. Dr. Michael Schatzmann Emissionsdistribution, Immissionen Meteorologisches Institut Universität Hamburg Bundesstrasse 55 D-20146 Hamburg Prof. Dr. Roland Behrens Treibstoffe, Abgaszusammensetzung u. -reinigung Fachhochschule Bremerhaven Institut für Wärmekraft- und Arbeitsmaschinen An der Karlstadt 8 D-27568 Bremerhaven Korrespondenzadresse für weitere Informationen: Kommentare zum Entwurf der UVS richten Sie bitte per e-mail an Alfred-Wegener-Institut [email protected] für Polar- und Meeresforschung <mailto:[email protected]> Prof. Dr. Heinz Miller oder auf dem Postweg an Postfach 120161 Umweltbundesamt D-27515 Bremerhaven FG I 2.4 – Schutz der Antarktis Postfach 1406 e-mail [email protected] D-06813 Dessau Titelbild Künstlerische Darstellung der Neumayer-Station III Fotomontage, AWI UVS Neubau Neumayer-Station III - 1 - Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einführung .................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Vorwort .................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Struktur der Studie .................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Kurze Zusammenfassung und Ergebnisdarstellung .................................................. 6 2. Die Neumayer-Station als wissenschaftliche und logistische Basis für Forschungsarbeiten in der Antarktis ............................................................................. 9 2.1 Entwicklung der Station bis zur Gegenwart ............................................................. 9 2.2 Stationsort ............................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Infrastruktur .......................................................................................................... 10 2.4 Wissenschaftliche Observatorien und Forschungsschwerpunkte ............................ 12 2.4.1 Einführung ....................................................................................................... 12 2.4.2 Gegenwärtiger Status ........................................................................................ 13 2.4.2.1 Meteorologie .................................................................................................... 13 2.4.2.2 Luftchemie ....................................................................................................... 13 2.4.2.3 Geophysik ........................................................................................................ 14 2.4.3 Pläne für die zukünftige Arbeit .............................................................................. 15 3. Allgemeine Beschreibung des Projekts, seines Umfangs und Zwecks ........................ 16 4. Beschreibung der gegenwärtigen Umwelt .................................................................. 17 4.1 Die unbelebte Umwelt ........................................................................................... 18 4.2 Die belebte Umwelt ............................................................................................... 22 4.3 Frühere und gegenwärtige Nutzung des Gebietes .................................................. 24 5. Tätigkeit A Bau der Neumayer-Station III und ihr zukünftiger Abbau .................... 25 5.1 Allgemeine Beschreibung der geplanten Tätigkeit A und ihres Zeitrahmens .......... 25 5.2 Auswahl des Standortes ......................................................................................... 27 5.2.1 Kriterien im Hinblick auf wissenschaftliche Forschung ..................................... 28 5.2.2 Logistische Kriterien ......................................................................................... 28 5.2.3 Kriterien für den Schneeuntergrund .................................................................. 30 5.2.4 Umweltbedingte Kriterien ................................................................................. 30 5.2.5 Alternative Stationsstandorte ............................................................................ 30 5.3 Aufbau der Winterstation Neumayer III (N-III) ..................................................... 31 5.3.1 Beschreibung des Stationsgebäudes und seiner Ausrüstung ............................... 31 5.3.1.1 Stationsbauwerk ............................................................................................... 31 5.3.1.2 Technische Stationseinrichtungen ..................................................................... 33 5.3.1.3 Stationsgebäude und -einrichtungen in Zahlen .................................................. 34 5.3.2 Transportmengen, Schiffs- und Übereistransporte ............................................. 36 5.3.3 Baustellenlogistik ............................................................................................. 38 5.3.3.1 Baustellenauslegung ......................................................................................... 38 5.3.3.2 Baucamp ........................................................................................................... 39 5.3.3.3 Baustellenausrüstung und Baugeräte ................................................................. 40 5.3.3.4 Baustellenlager ................................................................................................. 41 5.3.3.5 Aufwand für Baustelleneinrichtungen (Camp, Büro, Werkstatt, Tankstelle) ...... 41 5.3.4 Bau- und Einrichtungsarbeiten .......................................................................... 42 5.3.5 Verlegung der Antennen, des Windgenerators und der Außenstationen ............. 43 5.3.6 Terminplanung und Reserven zur Abdeckung von Verzögerungen, geschätzte Anzahl der Manntage und des Kraftstoffverbrauchs ......................... 44 5.3.7 Alternativen bei Transporten, Stationsentwurf und Bauausführung ................... 45 5.4 Geplante Nutzungsdauer des Gebäudes und Vorschau auf den Abbau ................... 48 UVS Neubau Neumayer-Station III - 2 - 6. Tätigkeit B Betrieb der Neumayer-Station III ......................................................... 49 6.1 Allgemeine Beschreibung der Station und des Stationsbetriebs ............................. 49 6.2 Personen an der Neumayer-Station III ................................................................... 50 6.2.1 Wissenschaftliches und technisches Überwinterungspersonal ........................... 50 6.2.2 Sommerpersonal (Sommergäste) und Besucher ................................................. 50 6.2.3 Geschätzte Durchschnittsbelegung und -belegungsdauer an der Neumayer- Station III und Spitzenbelegungen .................................................................... 51 6.3 Versorgungslogistik und jährlicher Entsatz ............................................................ 51 6.4 Kraft- und Schmierstoffe und andere Verbrauchsstoffe ......................................... 52 6.5 Krafterzeugung und Energiemanagement .............................................................. 54 6.6 Abgasreinigung bei den Stationsdieselmotoren ...................................................... 55 6.7 Heizung und Lüftung (Klimatisierung) .................................................................. 56 6.8 Frischwassergwinnung und Frischwasserbedarf .................................................... 56 6.9 Brandschutz und Notfallvorsorge .......................................................................... 57 6.10 Kommunikationseinrichtungen .............................................................................. 57 6.11 Abfall- und Abwasserentsorgung ........................................................................... 57 6.11.1 Feste Abfälle ..................................................................................................... 58 6.11.2 Flüssige Abfälle ................................................................................................ 59 6.12 Fahrzeug- und Gerätepark ..................................................................................... 59 7. Tätigkeit C Abbau und Rücktransport der Neumayer-Station II .............................. 61 7.1 Beschreibung der Gebäude und Ausrüstungen der Neumayer-Station II ................ 61 7.1.1 Allgemeine Beschreibung ................................................................................. 61 7.1.2 Schutzröhren und Zugänge ............................................................................... 61 7.1.3 Bauliche Einrichtungen in den Röhren .............................................................. 63 7.1.4 Garagenbauwerk ..............................................................................................
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