Opening up Community Music Venues in Vancouver
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Opening Up Community Music Venues in Vancouver by Ryan McCormick B.A., University of British Columbia, 2005 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Public Policy in the School of Public Policy Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Ó Ryan McCormick 2017 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2017 Approval Name: Ryan McCormick Degree: Master of Public Policy Title: Opening Up Community Music Venues in Vancouver Examining Committee: Chair: Doug McArthur Professor John Richards Senior Supervisor Professor Joshua Gordon Supervisor Assistant Professor Dominique M. Gross Internal Examiner Professor Date Defended/Approved: August 14, 2017 ii Ethics Statement iii Abstract There is not enough access to safe community music venues in Vancouver. Safety includes architectural, social, substance, and emergency-response dimensions. Access is limited by age restrictions, physical inaccessibility, secrecy, and venue closures (caused by commercial conditions and enforcement of regulations). This study considers eight regulatory and financial support policy options that would address these issues and increase access to safer spaces for non-professional live music performance in Vancouver. The eight options are evaluated using policy analytic and risk management frameworks, producing two initial recommendations for government: fund a discreet venue upgrading initiative and make policy accessible through strategic planning, regulatory clarity, and inclusive policymaking. The research is based on 29 expert interviews with policymakers, community leaders, police, teachers, venue operators, event organizers, musicians, fans, youth, and people with disabilities, as well as case studies of skateboarding policy in Vancouver and music venue policy in Seattle, Oakland, Toronto, and London. Keywords: music venues; safety; accessibility; public policy; DIY; Vancouver iv Epigraph Even if this was not a law, which it is, I'm afraid I would have a lot of difficulty endorsing an enterprise which is as fraught with genuine peril as I believe this one to be. Besides the liquor and the drugs, which always seem to accompany such an event, the thing that distresses me even more, Ren, is the spiritual corruption that can be involved. These dances and this kind of music can be destructive. –Rev. Shaw Moore, in the movie Footloose, 1984 From the oldest of times, people danced for a number of reasons. They danced in prayer, or so that their crops would be plentiful, or so their hunt would be good. And they danced to stay physically fit and show their community spirit. And they danced to celebrate. And that is the dancing we're talking about. –Ren McCormick, in the movie Footloose, 1984 v Acknowledgements I am extremely grateful to everyone who was willing to be interviewed as part of this research. Your passion and frankness made this project a pleasure to work on. Thank you! I would also like to extend my sincerest thanks to Dr. John Richards for his ongoing kindness, enthusiasm, support, and responsiveness. Thank you to Dr. Dominique M. Gross for her helpful advice. Thanks to Dr. Nancy Olewiler, Dr. Daniel Savas, Dr. Joshua Gordon, Dr. Judith Sixsmith, and Dr. Marina Adshade for helping me to develop my understanding of this topic through course assignments. Thank you to my classmates for being the most incredible and supportive cohort of policy wonks that I could have possibly hoped to learn with. You are a top-notch group of future world leaders, and you have my total respect and admiration. Thank you to my wife Naomi and son Oscar for your patience and support and for putting up with the highs and lows of my temperament as I worked towards completing this project. Thanks to my parents for raising me in an environment where discussions about policy, government, media, and music were the norm. Finally, thank you to the amazing community of grassroots Vancouver musicians who give us a reason to need safer and more accessible performance spaces. vi Table of Contents Approval ................................................................................................................ ii Ethics Statement ................................................................................................... iii Abstract ................................................................................................................ iv Epigraph ................................................................................................................ v Acknowledgements .............................................................................................. vi Table of Contents ................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ....................................................................................................... ix List of Tables ........................................................................................................ ix List of Acronyms .................................................................................................... x Executive Summary ............................................................................................. xi Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2. Survey of Literature ...................................................................... 5 Chapter 3. Methodology ................................................................................ 11 Chapter 4. Results ......................................................................................... 13 4.1. Benefits ....................................................................................................... 13 4.2. Access ........................................................................................................ 13 4.2.1. Age Restrictions ............................................................................ 14 4.2.2. Physical Accessibility .................................................................... 15 4.2.3. Venue Closures ............................................................................. 16 4.2.4. Secrecy ......................................................................................... 19 4.3. Safety ......................................................................................................... 20 4.3.1. Architectural Safety ....................................................................... 20 4.3.2. Social Safety ................................................................................. 21 4.3.3. Substance Safety .......................................................................... 21 4.3.4. Emergency Services ..................................................................... 22 4.4. Other Considerations .................................................................................. 23 4.4.1. Underage Drinking ........................................................................ 23 4.4.2. Impacts on Neighbours ................................................................. 23 4.4.3. Competitor Lobbying ..................................................................... 24 4.5. Solutions ..................................................................................................... 25 4.5.1. Regulatory Approaches ................................................................. 26 4.5.2. Financial Support .......................................................................... 28 4.6. Discussion of Case Studies ........................................................................ 30 4.6.1. Publicly Funded Venues (Seattle, Vancouver) .............................. 30 4.6.2. Inclusive Policymaking (London, Seattle, Toronto, Vancouver) .... 31 4.6.3. Strategic Planning (Vancouver, Oakland, Toronto) ....................... 32 4.6.4. Protecting Existing Venues (London, Vancouver, Toronto) .......... 33 vii Chapter 5. Options and Analysis .................................................................. 34 5.1. Regulatory Options ..................................................................................... 36 5.1.1. Reduce Standards ......................................................................... 36 5.1.2. Make Policy Accessible ................................................................. 39 5.1.3. Allow Youth in Event-Driven Establishments ................................ 41 5.1.4. Encourage Temporary Licensing .................................................. 44 5.1.5. Summary of Analysis of Regulatory Options ................................. 45 5.2. Financial Support Options .......................................................................... 46 5.2.1. Create an All-Ages Venue ............................................................. 47 5.2.2. Harness Existing Public Amenities ................................................ 48 5.2.3. Expand Eligibility for Grants .......................................................... 49 5.2.4. Fund a Discreet Venue Upgrading Initiative .................................. 50 5.2.5. Summary of Analysis of Financial Support Options ...................... 52 Chapter 6. Recommendations ...................................................................... 54 Chapter 7. Further Considerations ............................................................... 58 7.1. Limitations .................................................................................................. 58