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Contemporary Cowboy Culture and the Rise of American

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Contemporary Cowboy Culture and the Rise of American CONTEMPORARY COWBOY CULTURE AND THE RISE OF AMERICAN POSTMODERN SOLIDARITY A Dissertation by RONNIE DEAN HOMANN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2006 Major Subject: Sociology CONTEMPORARY COWBOY CULTURE AND THE RISE OF AMERICAN POSTMODERN SOLIDARITY A Dissertation by RONNIE DEAN HOMANN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Stjepan Mestrovic Committee Members, David Rosen Edward Murguia Alex McIntosh Head of Department, Mark Fossett May 2006 Major Subject: Sociology iii ABSTRACT Contemporary Cowboy Culture and the Rise of American Postmodern Solidarity. (May 2006) Ronnie Dean Homann, B.A., University of North Texas; M.S., University of North Texas Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Stjepan Mestrovic In this dissertation, I build on contemporary theoretical perspectives to interpret characteristics of contemporary cowboy culture. Specifically, I target the image of the cowboy in relation to solidarity. I assume that contemporary cowboy culture is an illusion or simulacra of something, something maybe once authentic. Now, it is built around language games, illusion, image and many other postmodern phenomena. Even so, in this work I explore how postmodernism is useful, which many are hesitant to do. This is a new twist or at least an interesting study in contrast to the enlightenment project. I rely heavily on theoretical discussion, qualitative analysis, participant observation and interpretive interactionism to accomplish this study and engage this culture. I integrate this approach into the continuing question about progress and the relationship between postmodernism and modernism, which is characterized here by McDonaldization. I find contemporary society provides opportunities to celebrate the benefits and development of postmodern social bonding. As a result, postmodernism, characterized by chaos, contradiction, and especially illusion is found to actually create solidarity and allow for Jungian rebirth of something authentic. iv DEDICATION To My Beautiful Wife Jennifer, Rachel My Princess, And Luke My Precious Son v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my best friend Jesus, who called me to accomplish this work. He believed in me from the beginning and supported me every step of the way. I also want to give special thanks to my wife who has always inspired me to be the best I can be. Her love and support is never ending. I also give my gratitude to Henry and Sally Carwile for their care and provision. Not only did they give me their daughter in marriage, Henry and Sally provided the financial backing I needed to go to school. Henry has been a visible role model for my life. His own success, the value he places on education, and his expectations for Jen and I to accomplish our dreams have been a consistent source of motivation. I want to thank my Aunt Janet and Aunt Patti for taking me into their homes and giving me love and a future during rough times. I also am grateful for my entire family and my church the Touch Family Church for all their support, prayers and encouragement. I am especially grateful for my friends Eric and Chris who make me laugh and sharpen me when needed. I deeply appreciate the TAMU Sociology Faculty: Dr. Fossett and Dr. Sell for their kindness, Dr. Burk for challenging me and unlocking my potential to write, Dr. Poston for his grace, Dr. Henderson for laying a foundation for my dissertation, and my committee Dr. Murguia, Dr. McIntosh and Dr. Rosen for helping me build on that foundation. Lastly, I would like to thank Stjepan for allowing me to display creative freedom and for his constant positive reinforcement. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION...................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION.......................................................................... 1 II INTERPRETING PROGRESS....................................................... 10 III PROGRESS DELAYED................................................................ 18 IV MCDONALDIZATION................................................................. 33 V COWBOY DEFINITIONS............................................................. 69 VI SIMULACRA................................................................................ 90 VII SOLIDARITY................................................................................ 117 VIII CONCLUSION: THE POSTMODERN COWBOY HERO............ 137 REFERENCES...................................................................................................... 170 VITA..................................................................................................................... 174 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The following work is a theoretical production supported by ethnographic, qualitative research: theory not posturing as fact, but interpretation. As I began this endeavor I shared Adrian Holliday’s (2002) confidence that what is significant to find will emerge during the journey. Holliday claims, “Reality contains mysteries to which the researcher must submit, and can do no more than interpret” (p. 6). This work then is an interpretation. Specifically this is an interpretive interactionist account of contemporary American culture with an emphasis on theory and contemporary cowboy culture. As a distinctly qualitative approach to social research, interpretive interactionism attempts to make the world of lived experience visible to the reader. …The focus of interpretive research is on those life experiences that radically alter and shape the meanings persons give to themselves and their life projects. This existential thrust sets this research apart from other interpretive approaches that examine the more mundane, taken-for-granted properties and features of everyday life. (Denzin, 2001, p. 34) Similarly, I describe and interpret mundane features of society, but I do this to highlight the existential and more profound such as the rebirth of the cowboy spirit. As a researcher, I observed and participated in various interactions of ranch hands and cowboys in a variety of settings. Specifically, I have studied and observed cowboys on a locally owned ranch in the Morgan County area. In addition, I had the privilege of monitoring and examining sociological phenomenon and interactions at steer shows and a newly formed cowboy church in the area. This particular church is actually called ______________ This dissertation follows the style of American Sociological Review. 2 Morgan Cowboy Fellowship Church and is possibly the fastest growing entity in Morgan. Participation at these events has led to numerous sociological findings and enriching interviews. One of my chief objectives is to deconstruct the concept and image of the contemporary cowboy. First, I want to paint a comprehensive picture of American culture before targeting cowboy culture. I utilize extensive theoretical discussion during the first half of this work to frame my discussion of America. This theoretical approach eventually gives way to an ethnographical approach. Hopefully, the reader will find favor with this combination. Along with the change in approach, a significant change in writing style occurs. Hopefully, this provides the reader with a minute yet visible example of the symbiosis I see between modernism and postmodernism. At the same time, I hope sharing the discovery of this journey is enriching. As I first began this interpretive work, I intended to maintain considerable social distance from the subjects. However, as the research progressed I was drawn into the matrix of interactions and I was impacted more than I ever anticipated. Something changed within me as I conducted interviews with ranch owners, contractors, fence builders, steer show participants and spectators, cowboy church members and ranch hands within the area of Morgan County, Texas. I have based significant amounts of sociological analysis in this work on these exploratory interviews. I have included many excerpts to give the reader a taste of the perceptions and explanations of contemporary cowboy culture offered by participants. My research will incorporate multiple perspectives and interpretations and not rely on only one single perspective taken from 3 one point of view: especially, not my own. Instead, I will offer multiple viewpoints, and some viewpoints that are seemingly contradictory. Robert Emerson (2001) explains that qualitative “field workers began to understand reality as complex, allowing multiple interpretations, shifting in meaning, depending upon the researcher’s theoretical concerns and orienting questions”(p. 20). I too allow for this multiplicity. The research and interpretation presented in this work is just one piece of the puzzle. I agree with Emerson, who states, Many ethnographers moved to the position that social reality is at least in part a product of an investigator’s efforts to apprehend and describe it. This view fundamentally reconceptualizes what
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