DOCSLIB.ORG

Secretaría De Agricultura, Ganaderia Y Desarrollo Rural (Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock Industry and Rural Development)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Secretaría De Agricultura, Ganaderia Y Desarrollo Rural (Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock Industry and Rural Development) SECRETARÍA DE AGRICULTURA, GANADERIA Y DESARROLLO RURAL (SECRETARIAT OF AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT) 04-17-96 NOM-030-ZOO-1995 Mexican Official STANDARD, Specifications and Procedures to Verify Imported Meat, Carcasses, Viscera and Offals at the Animal Health Verification Points. On the side, appears the National Coat of Arms which reads: Mexican United States, Ministry for Agriculture, Cattle Industry and Rural Development. NOM-030-ZOO-1995 MEXICAN OFFICIAL STANDARD, SPECIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR THE VERIFICATION OF IMPORTED MEAT, CARCASSES, VISCERA AND OFFALS AT ANIMAL HEALTH VERIFICATION POINTS. ROBERTO ZAVALA ECHAVARRIA, General Legal Director of the Ministry for Agriculture, Cattle Industry and Rural Development, in accordance to Articles 35 Section IV of the Organic Law of the Public Federal Administration; 4th, Sections I, III and V, 12, 16, 21, 28, 29, 44, and 47 of the Federal Animal Health Act; 1st, 38 Section II, 40 Sections III and XI, 41 and 47 Section IV of the Federal Metrology and Standardization Act; 10 Section V of the Internal Bylaws of the Ministry for Agriculture and Hydraulic Resources, and WHEREAS It is the duty of the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock Industry and Rural Development, through the General Animal Health Office, to organize and manage the cattle defense services and the surveillance or animal health, in order to preserve the health of animals, by avoiding the entry of pests and diseases affecting the national cattle industry. Meat, carcasses, viscera and offals entering the Country, may be a source of disease affecting animal health and public health, if their origin and animal health quality is not verified. Our Country only allows for the importation of meat, carcasses, viscera and offals coming from plants which meet the same requirements, as what is demanded for Mexican plants in the Countries of origin and which come from those Countries where there is no presence of Foot and Mouth Disease, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and other exotic diseases for our cattle industry. Meat product importers are more and more aware of the fact that in Mexico the animal health condition shall prevail in order to make the livestock herds more productive. In accordance to the statistics that are kept in the Animal Health Inspection Units in maritime ports, international airports and borders, it has been proven that there is an increase in the efficacy of meat, carcasses, viscera and offals importations. This has translated into the fact that every day the rejected products by the inspectors are less. Establishments operating inside the Federally Inspected Plants system, and which are controlled by this Agency, have appropriate facilities for the slaughter, refrigeration, freezing and processing of live animals, carcasses and meat, in accordance to the international specifications and to the permanent supervision of official veterinarians who are highly qualified and verify the compliance with the animal health field provisions. On March 1st, 1995, the Official Gazette of the Federation published the draft of the NOM-030-ZOO-1994 Mexican Official Standard. Specifications for verification of meat, carcass, viscera and offals on animal health verification points and on the 21st of August, 1995, the Replies to the comments received in regards to the Draft of the Mexican official Standard mentioned above were published in the same information publication. By virtue of the provisions of Articles 26 and 27 of the Foreign Trade Act, as well as in the Agreement establishing the classification and codification of merchandises whose importation is subjected to regulations by the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock Industry and Rural Development, published on the Official Gazette of the Federation on the 30th of December, 1995, it is no longer necessary to introduce in the standard the Normative Appendix “A” contained in the initial project, since the tariff schedules of the merchandise subject to verification on the border, are already included in the Agreement mentioned above. Given all the facts above and the indicated legal process mentioned in the two paragraphs above, I have decided to issue the NOM-030-ZOO-1995 Mexican Official Standard, SPECIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR VERIFICATION OF IMPORTED MEAT, CARCASSES, VISCERA AND OFFALS AT THE ANIMAL HEALTH VERIFICATION POINTS. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OBJECTIVE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION 2. REFERENCES 3. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 4. GENERAL PROVISIONS 5. VERIFICATION 6. SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS 7. REJECTIONS 8. PENALTIES 9. AGREEMENT WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY 11. TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS 1. Objective and Field of Application 1.1. This Official Standards is mandatory in all the Country, and its objective is to establish a procedure and the technical specifications for the verification of products, under the tariff schedules that are included in the Agreement which sets forth the classification and coding of the goods whose importation is subject to the regulations by the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock Industry and Rural Development (SAGARPA), so as to verify that the products do not pose an animal health hazard, and that they are in optimum hygienic-sanitary quality for human consumption. This Standard is applicable at the authorized verification points by the SAGARPA, which have the necessary infrastructure for the verification process. 1.2. The surveillance and application of the provisions herein are in the hands of the Dirección General de Salud Animal (General Office of Animal Health), Dirección General de Inspección Fitozoosanitaria en Puertos, Aeropuertos y Fronteras (General Office of Phytozoosanitary Inspection at Ports, Airports and Borders), as well as the Delegaciones de la Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería y Desarrollo Rural (Regional Offices of the SAGARPA) within their powers and jurisdiction. 2. References. This Standard is supplemented with the following Mexican Officials Standards: NOM-004-ZOO-1994 Standard: Control de residuos tóxicos en carne, grasa, hígado y riñón de bovinos, equinos, porcinos y ovinos (Toxic Residue Control in Meat, Fat, Liver and Kidneys from Beef, Horses, Pigs and Sheep). NOM-008-SCFI-1993 Standard, Sistema General de Unidades de Medida (General System of Units of Measurement). NOM-009-ZOO-1994, Proceso sanitario de la carne. NOM-018-ZOO-1994 Standard, Médicos veterinarios aprobados como unidades de verificación facultados para prestar servicios oficiales en materia zoosanitaria (Veterinarians Approved as Verification Units Empowered to Provide Official Services in the Animal Health Field). 3. Definitions and Abbreviations For the purposes of this Standard, the following definitions are provided: 3.1. Aliño (Carcass Dressing): Process by which the hide of the animal is removed –for animals with hair: likewise, feathers, head, viscera and feet; kidneys may be left attached to the carcass. 3.2. Canal (carcass): The body of the animal without skin, hair or feathers, viscera, feet and head, except for the pig, which may have the head attached. 3.3 Características organolépticas (Organoleptic Characteristics): These are the physical conditions which are perceived through our senses. 3.4. Carne (Meat): It is the structure made up by striated muscle fiber, with or without elastic connective tissue, fat, bone, nervous fibers, lymphatic and blood vessels of the animal species authorized for human consumption. 3.5. Certificado Zoosanitario de Importación (Importation Animal Health Certificate): Official document which certifies that the goods to be imported meet the animal health requirements in force. 3.6. Combo: Cubic or cylinder-shaped container made of cardboard, plastic or some other harmless material, usually larger than boxes. In the case of cardboard material, it shall be lined with plastic material to prevent meat to attach to it. 3.7. Despojo (Offals): Those edible parts that are obtained from supplied animals which are not part of the carcass. 3.8. Embarque (Shipment): Products which are listed by the same document which certifies the sanitary quality of origin. 3.9. Fase (Phase): It is the stage in which an approved plant is, in accordance to the sanitary reliability demonstrated during previous importations. 3.10. Frigorífico aprobado (Approved Cold Storage): Warehouses at refrigerated and/or frozen temperature approved by the Ministry to operate as animal health verification points. 3.11. Hoja de Requisitos Zoosanitarios (Animal Health Requirement Sheet): It is a document by which the General Office of Animal Health provides the importation users with the animal health requirements they are to meet, in each case, for the temporary or final importation. 3.12. Laboratorio de pruebas (Test Laboratory): A laboratory approved by the SAGARPA, in order to conduct toxic-residue testing in meat, fat, liver and kidney. 3.13. Lote (Lot, Batch): Each one of the parts into which a shipment is divided, considering the plant of origin and product. 3.14. Muestra (Sample): Portion of product obtained for toxicological testing. 3.15. Médico Veterinario aprobado (Approved Veterinarian): Professional authorized by the SAGARPA to carry out official activities. 3.16. Médico Veterinario oficial (Official Veterinarian): Professional who is part of the staff of the SAGARPA 3.17. Norma (Standard/Regulation): The Mexican Official Standard containing specifications and procedures for the verification of imported meat, carcasses, viscera and offals at animal health verification
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia (1991-2019)
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 1 September 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0027.v1 Article Heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia (1991-2019) Jovan Jonovski1, * 1 Macedonian Heraldic Society; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +38970252989 Abstract: Every country has some specific heraldry. In this paper, we will consider heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia, understood by the multitude of coats of arms, and armorial knowledge and art. The paper covers the period from independence until the name change (1991-2019). It co- vers the state coat of arms of the Republic of Macedonia especially the 2009 change. Special atten- tion is given to the development of the municipal heraldry, including the legal system covering the subject. Also personal heraldry developed in 21 century is considered. The paper covers the de- velopment of heraldry and the heraldic thought in the given period, including the role of the Macedonian Heraldic Society and its journal Macedonian Herald in development of theoretic and practical heraldry, as well as its Register of arms and the Macedonian Civic Heraldic System. Keywords: Heraldry in Macedonia; Macedonian civic heraldry; Republic of Macedonia. 1. Introduction The Republic of Macedonia became independent from the Socialist Federative Re- public of Yugoslavia with the Referendum of 8 September 1991. The Democratic Federal Macedonia was formed during the first session of the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the Na- tional Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM) on 2 August 1944 (it later became the People’s Republic of Macedonia, a federal unit of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia).
    [Show full text]
  • Annals of Psi Upsilon 1833-1941 the Heraldry
    THE HERALDRY OF PSI UPSILON By Clayton W. Butterfield, Pi '11 Certain emblems were generally used in English Heraldry to indicate whether a 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc., son of a family was the bearer of arms. In Biblical history, every man among the Children of Israel was or dered to pitch his camp by his own standard�no doubt an individual sign or emblem. Various explanations are given to the origin of the various units which make up a coat-of-arms. The early warriors are said to have painted their shields or covered them with metal or furs so that they might be or Just as the various divisions of the readily identified distinguished in when the war army are today identified by the in battle, particularly riors were in their coats signia on their equipment, or on the of mail. The idea is also unifonns of the men, so in the early given credence that when a warrior returned a ages various tribes and warriors from could be identified by the emblems battle, he hung his shield on the wall and symbols which served as their or placed it on a big chair-like rack particular marks of distinction. in the great hall, and above it his a Not only did a tribe have its dis placed helmet. Sometimes hel tinctive identifying mark, but fami- met was decorated with the colors Hes, too, used emblems to show their and ribbons of the warrior's lady fair. A warrior's coat-of-arms was in hneage or allegiance.
    [Show full text]
  • THE LION FLAG Norway's First National Flag Jan Henrik Munksgaard
    THE LION FLAG Norway’s First National Flag Jan Henrik Munksgaard On 27 February 1814, the Norwegian Regent Christian Frederik made a proclamation concerning the Norwegian flag, stating: The Norwegian flag shall henceforth be red, with a white cross dividing the flag into quarters. The national coat of arms, the Norwegian lion with the yellow halberd, shall be placed in the upper hoist corner. All naval and merchant vessels shall fly this flag. This was Norway’s first national flag. What was the background for this proclamation? Why should Norway have a new flag in 1814, and what are the reasons for the design and colours of this flag? The Dannebrog Was the Flag of Denmark-Norway For several hundred years, Denmark-Norway had been in a legislative union. Denmark was the leading party in this union, and Copenhagen was the administrative centre of the double monarchy. The Dannebrog had been the common flag of the whole realm since the beginning of the 16th century. The red flag with a white cross was known all over Europe, and in every shipping town the citizens were familiar with this symbol of Denmark-Norway. Two variants of The Dannebrog existed: a swallow-tailed flag, which was the king’s flag or state flag flown on government vessels and buildings, and a rectangular flag for private use on ordinary merchant ships or on private flagpoles. In addition, a number of special flags based on the Dannebrog existed. The flag was as frequently used and just as popular in Norway as in Denmark. The Napoleonic Wars Result in Political Changes in Scandinavia At the beginning of 1813, few Norwegians could imagine dissolution of the union with Denmark.
    [Show full text]
  • Tsar of All Russia. Holiness and Splendour of Power Audio Tour Script
    The Hong Kong Jockey Club Series: Tsar of All Russia. Holiness and Splendour of Power Audio Tour Script Pair of ambassadorial axes The axes with wootz steel heads are richly damascened in gold. The centre of the composition is an image of the Russian coat of arms — a double-headed eagle beneath three crowns. On the eagle’s chest is a heraldic shield depicting a rider spearing a fantastic serpent on one side of the axe and the picture of a unicorn on the other side. Besides the national coat of arms, the axes are damascened in gold with small figures of lions which are artistically unique among Russian weaponry. The handles of the axes are coated all over in silver — embossed, gilded and soldered from twisted wire. Turquoise has been inserted into the rounded ends. The steel tips of the axes appear to have been forged and decorated by the finest craftsmen of the Kremlin Armoury, while the silver settings were the work of the leading court silversmiths. The Moscow Kremlin Museums own a total of four such axes. In the 17th century, they served as the weapons of a rynda — the tsar’s ceremonial bodyguard. The objects were called ‘ambassadorial axes’ because bodyguards wielding these weapons were invariably present when the tsar met with foreign diplomats in the Kremlin Palace. During these audiences, four men dressed in tall hats and white kaftans with gold chains crossed over their chests would stand at each corner of the tsar’s throne, resting axes like these on their shoulders. .
    [Show full text]
  • My Country South Africa: Celebrating Our National Symbols and Heritage
    My Country SouthAfrica celebrating ournationalsynbols&heritage My Country South Africa celebrating our national symbols & heritage Department of Education Race and Values Sol Plaatje House 123 Schoeman Street Pretoria South Africa Tel: +27 (12) 312 5080 [email protected] updated 2ndedition Cover photos courtesy SA Tourism, Parliament of South Africa Parliament of South and Department of Education photos courtesyCover SA Tourism, updated 2nd edition My Country South Africa celebrating our national symbols & heritage 2nd edition ISBN: 1-77018-108-3 © Department of Education 2006-2008 All rights reserved. You may copy material from this publication for use in non-profit education programmes if you acknowledge the source. For use in publications, please obtain the written permission of the Department of Education Enquiries Directorate: Race and Values, Department of Education, Room 223, 123 Schoeman Street, Pretoria Tel: (012) 312-5080 Fax: (012) 326-1909 Email: [email protected] The Department of Education gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the Royal Netherlands Embassy towards the development and distribution of this publication. Page 3 My Country South Africa /ÃÊ«ÕLV>ÌÊ}}ÌÃÊÌiÊÃÌÀV>ÊVÌiÝÌÊvÊi>VÊ>Ì> symbol - when and how it came into being and the protocols >ÀÕ`ÊÌiÊÃ}wV>ViÊ>`Ê«ÀÌ>ViÊvÊi>V°ÊÌÊiÝ«>Ã]ÊvÀÊ iÝ>«i]Êw, when and where the National Flag should be flown, hung or stored. It also outlines the protocols around the singing of the National Anthem. Schools should ensure that the official version of the National Anthem is sung in full. Learners and educators should be made aware of the appropriate behaviour involved in singing the Anthem.
    [Show full text]
  • Flags and Banners
    Flags and Banners A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents 1 Flag 1 1.1 History ................................................. 2 1.2 National flags ............................................. 4 1.2.1 Civil flags ........................................... 8 1.2.2 War flags ........................................... 8 1.2.3 International flags ....................................... 8 1.3 At sea ................................................. 8 1.4 Shapes and designs .......................................... 9 1.4.1 Vertical flags ......................................... 12 1.5 Religious flags ............................................. 13 1.6 Linguistic flags ............................................. 13 1.7 In sports ................................................ 16 1.8 Diplomatic flags ............................................ 18 1.9 In politics ............................................... 18 1.10 Vehicle flags .............................................. 18 1.11 Swimming flags ............................................ 19 1.12 Railway flags .............................................. 20 1.13 Flagpoles ............................................... 21 1.13.1 Record heights ........................................ 21 1.13.2 Design ............................................. 21 1.14 Hoisting the flag ............................................ 21 1.15 Flags and communication ....................................... 21 1.16 Flapping ................................................ 23 1.17 See also ...............................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Sun and the Lion As Symbols of the Republic of Macedonia a Heraldic and Vexillological Analysis
    THE FLAG HERITAGE FOUNDATION MONOGRAPH AND TRANSLATION SERIES PUBLICATION No. 8 THE SUN AND THE LION AS SYMBOLS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA A HERALDIC AND VEXILLOLOGICAL ANALYSIS by Jovan Jonovski, MTh, MA, PhD, AIH Edward B. Kaye, Editor DANVERS, MASSACHUSETTS 2020 THE FLAG HERITAGE FOUNDATION MONOGRAPH AND TRANSLATION SERIES PUBLICATION No. 8 THE SUN AND THE LION AS SYMBOLS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA A HERALDIC AND VEXILLOLOGICAL ANALYSIS by Jovan Jonovski, MTh, MA, PhD, AIH Edward B. Kaye, Editor DANVERS, MASSACHUSETTS 2020 THE FLAG HERITAGE FOUNDATION MONOGRAPH AND TRANSLATION SERIES The Flag Heritage Foundation was established in 1971 in order, among other purposes, “to collect, organize, and disseminate information concerning all aspects of flags and related symbols” and “to promote wide public knowledge of the rich history of flags which fosters international understanding and respect for national heritage.” It is a registered charity in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Flag Heritage Foundation Monograph and Translation Series was established in 2009 to publish monographs on flags and related subjects, and to translate and publish in English works previously appearing in languages inaccessible to many scholars. This is the eighth publication in the Series. FLAG HERITAGE FOUNDATION BOARD OF TRUSTEES Kirby A. Baker, Chair Scot M. Guenter David F. Phillips Anne M. Platoff Flag Heritage Foundation 301 Newbury Street #108 Danvers, Massachusetts 01923 USA (424) 272-0701 www.flagheritagefoundation.org Series Editor David F. Phillips 2331 - 47th Avenue San Francisco, California 94116 USA (415) 753-6190 [email protected] Price: US $15 (plus shipping) Non-profit organizations, libraries, and vexillological and heraldic organizations may obtain copies gratis or at a reduced rate – inquire of the Foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • The True Roots and Origin of the Scots
    THE TRUE ROOTS AND ORIGIN OF THE SCOTS A RESEARCH SUMMARY AND POINTERS TOWARD FURTHER RESEARCH “Wherever the pilgrim turns his feet, he finds Scotsmen in the forefront of civilization and letters. They are the premiers in every colony, professors in every university, teachers, editors, lawyers, engineers and merchants – everything, and always at the front.” – English writer Sir Walter Besant Copyright © C White 2003 Version 2.1 This is the first in a series of discussion papers and notes on the identity of each of the tribes of Israel today Some Notes on the True Roots and Origin of the Scots TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory Remarks 3 Ancient Judah 6 Migrations of Judah 17 British Royal Throne 25 National and Tribal Emblems 39 Scottish Character and Attributes 44 Future of the Scots – Judah’s Union with the rest of Israel 55 Concluding Remarks 62 Bibliography 65 “The mystery of Keltic thought has been the despair of generations of philosophers and aesthetes … He who approaches it must, I feel, not alone be of the ancient stock … but he must also have heard since childhood the deep and repeated call of ancestral voices urging him to the task of the exploration of the mysteries of his people … He is like a man with a chest of treasure who has lost the key” (The Mysteries of Britain by L Spence) 2 Some Notes on the True Roots and Origin of the Scots INTRODUCTORY REMARKS Who really are the Scottish peoples? What is their origin? Do tradition, national characteristics and emblems assist? Why are they such great leaders, administrators and inventors? Is there a connection between them and the ancient Biblical tribe of Judah? Why did the British Empire succeed when other Empires did not? Was it a blessing in fulfillment of prophecies such as that in Gen 12:3? Why were the Scots so influential in the Empire, way beyond their population numbers? Today book after book; article after article; universities, politicians, social workers spread lies about the British Empire, denigrating it.
    [Show full text]
  • Protection of the National Coat of Arms
    Disclaimer: The National Coat of Arms is a registered trademark of government and may only be used by national government departments. All other entities require the permission of the GCIS to utilise the Coat of Arms. Protection of the national Coat of Arms The national Coat of Arms and its motto are the property of the State. The copy and reproduction of the national Coat of Arms for commercial or other uses, is vested in The Presidency. The national Coat of Arms endorses the seal of authority and integrity and should not be utilised for fraudulent or unauthorised transactions. The national Coat of Arms has considerable legal protection arising from various Acts of Parliament and international agreements and protocols: The Trade Marks Act, 1993 (Act 194 of 1993) This legislation allows trade-mark owners to register their trade marks for particular goods and services, and thereby obtain monopoly protection. Section 10(8) provides that the Registrar of Trade Marks must refuse any trade-mark application which consists of the armorial bearings or other State emblem of the Republic, or any imitation thereof from a heraldic point of view, if that application was filed without the necessary authority. The Registrar of Trade Marks is required to refuse any application which conflicts with this section. The Government is not obliged to register the South African national Coat of Arms as a trade mark before this section will apply. The effect of this is that no unauthorised person can register the South African national Coat of Arms as a trade mark. The Merchandise Marks Act, 1941 (Act 17 of 1941) This legislation prohibits the use of certain marks.
    [Show full text]
  • Emblem of the Polish Republic As Part of the National Culture : the Genesis of the Symbol2
    Kultura i Edukacja 2016 No. 4 (114), pp. 200–209 DOI: 10.15804/kie.2016.04.15 www.kultura-i-edukacja.pl Radosław Grabowski Emblem of the Polish Republic as Part of the National Culture : The Genesis of the Symbol2 ABSTRACT The theme of this article is the evolution of the Polish national emblem. Without knowledge of the genesis and history of this national symbol, it is difficult to understand the value of education in terms of nationality and the sense of national unity. Appearance, shape, colour evolved due to the political centrifugation in the country, but always and invariably meant Poland as the home of those who lived in the country and emigrated. Keywords: national emblem, Poland, coat of arms, national symbols It is natural to change the national emblem as well as the national constitution, especially when the state is based on new principles. The symbol of the eagle has been used by the Polish sovereigns for about 1000 years. The Polish coat of arms, representing an image of a crowned white eagle, has been present for 700 years (Jaworska, 2003). In times of monarchy, the coat of arms was changing together with sovereigns. Nowadays, alterations of the national coat of arms are 1 University of Rzeszow. 2 The text is a modified version of the speech at the International Scientific Conference State­ hood and Symbolics in Central Europe after 1989, Budapest, 2 October 2009. Emblem of the Polish Republic as Part of the National Culture 201 rare. Introduction of a new coat of arms symbolizes changes within the state.
    [Show full text]
  • National Flag Namibia's National Flag Was Unanimously Adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 2 February 1990 As a Symbol of the Country's Struggle for National Unity
    National symbols are visual and conceptual emblems that encode particulars of a nation's sovereign existence in the community of nations. Over a period, such emblems or symbols become deeply embedded in the memory of a nation and thus serve as a source of national dignity and patriotic pride. As they become widely used and accepted, national symbols are capable of inspiring in a people an abiding loyalty to their homeland. All national symbols are protected by law, which prohibits any act or intent to insult, display contempt or hold them up to ridicule. National Flag Namibia's National Flag was unanimously adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 2 February 1990 as a symbol of the country's struggle for national unity. It symbolises peace, unity and common loyalty to Namibia. The National Flag represents the nation in every aspect. The sun symbolises life and energy. The golden colour of the sun represents the warmth and the colour of the plains of the Namib Desert. The blue symbolises the sky, the Atlantic Ocean, Namibia's marine resources and the importance of rain and water. Red represents the Namibian people, their heroism and their determination to build a future of equal opportunity for all. White refers to peace and unity, while the green symbolises the country's vegetation and agricultural resources. The National Flag can be flown in foreign countries to represent Namibia. National Coat of ArmsNational Coat of Arms National Coat of Arms The National Coat of Arms is the official emblem of the Government service as a statutory body.
    [Show full text]
  • The Flag of the City of Buenos Aires: Four Centuries of History
    The Flag of the City of Buenos Aires: Four Centuries of History Francisco Gregoric Abstract Even though the City of Buenos Aires, capital of the Argentine Republic, is more than 400 years old, the flag that represents it has just a 30-year history and was only adopted officially 15 years ago. However, the flag’s central emblem can be traced to the founding of the city in 1580 by the Spanish conqueror Juan de Garay, who gave the city its first coat of arms. But in its early times this emblem was barely used. This symbol at the center of the city’s flag is debated by some people that do not accept it today. They attribute incorrect meanings to it based on contemporary politics. This paper will study the origin of the flag’s coat of arms and its background before and during its creation during late 16th century. Its scarce use in that era and its replacement by a different coat of arms shortly after its creation will be analyzed. Then the paper will describe the rediscovery of this first coat of arms at the end of the 19th century, and its use in several places in the city the following years. After that, the coat of arms became the accepted symbol of the city. The design of the flag will be studied, as well as its vexillographic challenges. All the initiatives to change this flag will be reported alongside the explanations from the people who proposed them. Buenos Aires Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011 © 2011 North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org) 227 The Flag of the City of Buenos Aires: Four Centuries of History The Founding of Buenos Aires The Río de la Plata (where the City of Buenos Aires is located) was discovered in 1516 by the Spanish navigator Juan Díaz de Solís1 who sought a passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
    [Show full text]