DOCSLIB.ORG

Why Is There No Church Unity Among Norwegian Lutherans in America?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Why Is There No Church Unity Among Norwegian Lutherans in America? WHY IS THERE NO CHURCH UNITY AMONG NORWEGIAN LUTHERANS IN AMERICA? Ulrik Vilhelm Koren [As printed in the Clergy Bulletin, V. 12:1, pp. 3-6; V. 12:2, pp. 19-24; V. 12:3, pp. 39-42; V. 12:4, pp. 49-52; V. 12:5, pp. 63-64. (Printed in Kirkentidende in 1905, and in Koren’s Samlede Skrifter, pp. 454-498 – translation by C. U. Faye)] Answer to Mr. Ulvestad and to many others. Mr. M. Ulvestad has, in several periodicals in January of this year, written an article with the heading, “Church Union,” and asks: “What separates Norwegian Lutherans in America?” He subscribes to what has often been said, that “most people do not know what is at issue in the conflict.” He says that “there are some (among the uninitiated) who believe, that this is merely a conflict among the leaders, while the majority do not know what they are to believe.” He says that “what is needed is a straight-forward explanation and comparison of the doctrinal differences that are said to exist.” He says that he has diligently tried to find the difference between us, especially by reading our respective periodicals, but has found no essential difference. He “has come to the conclusion, that it is our Christianity, and not our doctrinal concepts, that has suffered the most.” He says that “if this were the main issue about which there was disagreement, namely, the way to life in God and the way to salvation, then there would be no talk of uniting. One cannot compromise the Word of God. The way which God has prescribed seems, however, to be clear enough, if only we would follow it.” Mr. Ulvestad’s article seems to me to be written in a seemly and serious vein, and he is right in that people who lately have come to this country from Norway have reason to see the matter as he does. When Mr. Ulvestad says that “they ought to come before the public and say: ‘The United Church teaches thus, the Synod thus, the Free Church thus, etc.,’” then I am of the opinion that I, as member of the Synod, may venture to say that the Synod has given as straightforward a presentation as it has been capable of, particularly as far as the last and longest doctrinal controversy is concerned. This presentation is found in “An Accounting” [“En Redegjørelse”] (Grace for Grace, p. 173). See also the article, “What the Norwegian Synod Has Willed” [“Hvad den Norske Synode har villet”]. There are two reasons why most people do not know what is the issue in the conflict. The one is that so may have not followed the controversies from the beginning, and it easily becomes impossible for most people to read the numerous contributions from the various sides. The other reason is that there are certain authors who have the peculiarity of blowing up a cloud of words out of which the only thing the reader gets hold of are some accusations which they then believe and appropriate, partly because many have a tendency to believe accusations, partly because they who make them have a name and prestige. U.V. Koren Why is There No Church Unity Among Page 2 Norwegian Lutherans in America? I If the deplorable condition among Norwegian Lutherans in America is to be understood thoroughly by persons who have come to this country in later years, then it is my conviction that this can be attained in a historical way, and since the author of these lines has been in the service of the Church longer than anyone else, there could then be in this fact an invitation to me to try to recount what my experience has been in regard to the controversies. Twenty-eight years ago I delivered a lecture to the pastors of the Norwegian Synod on “The Church Parties among Our People in America” [“De kirkelige Partier blant vort Folk i Amerika”]. This lecture was printed at the request of the Pastoral Conference. It begins with the words: “Since the church parties among our people are contemporary with the immigration, their root must be sought in the church conditions in Norway, of which ours are but a continuation under other outward circumstances.” For this I adduced proof in the above- mentioned essay. The alignment in this country by parties began thus: The greater part of the immigrants attached themselves to the Norwegian pastors who were ordained in Norway and came to America to serve their countrymen and to establish church order among them, while a lesser part did not want to have anything to do with the “Norwegian Pastors.” This lesser part in the beginning permitted itself to be led by Elling Eielsen, a lay preacher already well known in Norway, who had come here some years before the first Norwegian pastor, W. Dietrichson. The latter had come here through the support of a churchly minded laymen in Christiania, a tanner, Sørenson, who had given $1,000 to help his emigrated countrymen establish church order. Another churchly minded man, a young Dane by the name of C. L. Clausen, known also by many in Norway, worked together with Dietrichson. Clausen was ordained in this country by a German Lutheran pastor. In 1848 a third young man arrived, the Rev. H. A. Stub, who settled in Muskego. These three pastors, Dietrichson, Clausen and Stub, now sought to organize a church body and drafted a constitution. But, since both Dietrichson and Clausen held Grundtvig’s views on the baptismal covenant as the living Word of God, the Constitution, of which Dietrichson made the draft (but which was not submitted to any meeting), naturally favored this view. Dietrichson soon tired of the work, and in 1850 the Rev. A. Preus arrived in Koshkonong to take his place. Among the documents left behind by Dietrichson, Preus found his draft of a Constitution. Now, although neither Preus nor Stub was a follower of Grundtvig, nevertheless they did not discover that error in paragraph two of the original draft, with the result that the Constitution was, for the time being, accepted and the church body formed. In 1851 three new pastors came from Norway, H. A. Preus, Brandt, and G. Dietrichson. When these pastors met with those who were already here, and the Constitution was submitted, they noticed the Grundtvigian paragraph. This they would not accept; and in order that they now could proceed prudently, they dissolved the association (it could scarcely be called a body) which had already been formed, and in 1852, at a meeting in Muskego, they composed a new genuinely Lutheran paragraph on the Bible as the sole rule and norm, thus definitely vindicating the Lutheran principle of Scripture. In 1852 the Rev. J. A. Ottesen was added, and in February, 1853, a meeting of these pastors and a considerable number of laymen was held for the purpose of drawing up a regular synodical constitution, to be submitted for consideration to U.V. Koren Why is There No Church Unity Among Page 3 Norwegian Lutherans in America? congregations already organized. This was done, and, accordingly, the Norwegian Synod was founded in Rock Prairie in Wisconsin in October, 1853.1 In the meantime, Elling Eielsen, during all these years, had diligently traveled around in the settlements, preaching and warning the people against the “Norwegian pastors in long robes.” A need for a constitution was, no doubt, felt also among many of Eielsen’s friends, but it was not in the personal interests of Eielsen to establish a real church order. He preferred to rule himself (Hatlestad’s Hist. Medd., pp. 59-60). Among the men who attached themselves to Eielsen for a while was O. J. Hatlestad (who came to America in the fall, 1846). He became a pastor later on, and was for ten years president of the Norwegian Augustana Synod. In 1887, he issued a publication, Historical Communications [Historiske Meddelelser], in which he gives noteworthy information on the pioneer days of the church in this country. The Rev. Hatlestad relates (p. 37ff.) that already in April, 1846, a meeting was held at Jefferson Prairie in order to draft a church constitution, and he appeals to the testimony of the Reverends Brohaugh and Eistensen, in their book E. Eielsen’s Liv og Virksomhed, that at this meeting “Eielsen dictated and O. Andrewson wrote.” The document that resulted in this manner became the basis for the so-called “old Constitution” [“gamle Konstitution”]. This was at Koshkonong “again accepted and signed by thirty-seven brethren in the faith” in October, 1850. It is extant in print from June, 1851. It was in force for the Eielsen body till 1875, when the name Hauge’s Synod was adopted, and some changes were made in the Constitution, which were approved at a meeting in Chicago in 1876. That there in 1846 were “organized congregations” in the settlements among the people, that Eielsen served as pastor is but a loose assertion which lacks all foundation. In vain, indeed, may one search for documents in the oldest settlements, which can prove that congregations even “in a way” were organized at that time. The people who permitted themselves to be served by Eielsen, he called “sine,” “his own,” or “de er med os, de,” “these people are with us” (Hist. Medd., p. 59).2 The above mentioned “old Constitution” contains remarkable things. In paragraph 1 it is said that the body is and shall ever continue to be “built on the Word of God in the Holy Scriptures in conjunction with the apostolic and Augsburg articles of faith, which, together with the Word are the rule for our church order and for our faith and confession” (Hist.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • History of Bergen Congregation Compiled for Golden Jubilee (51St Anniversary) July 12-13, 1936 by R
    History of Bergen Congregation Compiled for Golden Jubilee (51st Anniversary) July 12-13, 1936 by R. S. Sigdestad The Bergen congregation in Day County, South Dakota, was organized in the home of Nels Williamson Sr., by Lynn Lake, in the autumn of 1885, by Rev. K. 0. Storli of Wilmot, S. Dak., on one of his mission journeys. It consisted of the following 17 voting members: Iver E. Skaare, Rasmus K. Mork, Ole Simonson, Ole E. Bakken, John J. Grove, Sakarias J. Sigdestad, Kolben T. Mork, John S. Sigdestad, Jacob K. Mork, Erik Winson, Ole Aas, Ole Monson, Nels Williamson Sr., Ole Svang, Martin Davidson, Hans Anderson and Martin Anderson. In 1886, together with Webster, Grenville and Fron churches, a call was extended to candidate in theology, .C M. Nordtvedt to become their pastor. He served until the fall of 1889 when he moved to Wisconsin. Two acres of land was donated to the congregation by Anton Norby for a cemetery in 1887. It was consecrated by Rev. Nordtvedt in 1888, and the first one t& be buried there was Anfin Sand, March 13 of that year. The first infant to be baptized of families who later became Bergen Church was Serine Skaare (Mrs. Lars Mydland) in the home of John Tofley, Dec. 5,1984. And the first child of Bergen to be baptized was Selma Grove (Mrs. Rasmus Egge) in the Nels Williamson home in October, 1885. Both were baptized by Rev. Storli. The first confirmation was held by Rev. Nordtvedt June 10, 1887, when the following were confirmed: Kolben K.
    [Show full text]
  • The Doctrine of the Church and Its Ministry According to the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of the Usa
    THE DOCTRINE OF THE CHURCH AND ITS MINISTRY ACCORDING TO THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN SYNOD OF THE USA by KARL EDWIN KUENZEL Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF THEOLOGY In the subject SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: PROFESSOR ERASMUS VAN NIEKERK November 2006 ii Summary Nothing has influenced and affected the Lutheran Church in the U.S.A. in the past century more than the doctrine of the Church and its Ministry. When the first Norwegian immigrants entered the U.S. in the middle of the 19th century, there were not enough Lutheran pastors to minister to the spiritual needs of the people. Some of these immigrants resorted to a practice that had been used in Norway, that of using lay-preachers. This created problems because of a lack of proper theological training. The result was the teaching of false doctrine. Some thought more highly of the lay-preachers than they did of the ordained clergy. Consequently clergy were often viewed with a discerning eye and even despised. This was one of the earliest struggles within the Norwegian Synod. Further controversies involved whether the local congregation is the only form in which the church exists. Another facet of the controversy involves whether or not the ministry includes only the pastoral office; whether or not only ordained clergy do the ministry; whether teachers in the Lutheran schools are involved in the ministry; and whether or not any Christian can participate in the public ministry. Is a missionary, who serves on behalf of the entire church body, a pastor? If only the local congregation can call a pastor, then a missionary cannot be a pastor because he serves the entire church body in establishing new congregations.
    [Show full text]
  • Hans Nielsen Hauge: a Catalyst of Literacy in Norway
    NB! This is the final manuscript. In the published version there are changes in litterature and notes. HANS NIELSEN HAUGE: A CATALYST OF LITERACY IN NORWAY Linda Haukland, University of Nordland In this article, I examine the role Hans Nielsen Hauge (1771–1824) played in encouraging literacy in the Norwegian peasant society in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, an aspect of his ministry never before discussed. This poorly educated son of a peasant broke the unwritten rule of never publishing texts for a large readership without the necessary educational skills. Thus he opened up a new literate space where the common person could express him- or herself on paper. Hauge printed around 40 different texts, 14 of them books, in a language the peasants could understand. This inspired his followers not only to read, but also to write, mainly letters to Hauge and to Haugeans in other parts of Norway. Some even became authors. Women played a central role in this wave of literacy spreading throughout the country. Based on Hauge’s original texts, I present some crucial aspects of his mentality and show how his ministry served as a catalyst to the growth of literacy among peasants during the period. NB! This is the final manuscript. In the published version there are changes in litterature and notes. References Archival sources Kvamen, Ingolf, Haugianerbrev Bind 1: 1760 - 1804, Norsk Historisk Kjeldeskrift- Institutt, upublisert Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim (UBIT), A 0161 Per Øverland, F Haugianerne i Norge Published sources Aftenbladet December 02, 1859. In Fet, Jostein, ‘Berte Canutte Aarflot’. Store Norske leksikon.
    [Show full text]
  • Ole Rynning's True Account of America
    % 1 Sifhfcfartiig Ocrrtning 'i> ° i-m 21. merits j • til ©plttsriiitg OJJ llijttf for Omiiic oj itlcmrrmanti. A-orfattrt af i t>» ifyrfF, foi» torn Scrowcr i Jtini SHnnncS) 1S37. - • • 0 - "~~«»5|^g|£$g8S»™~- C Ij r't f t i it it i a. 1888. -r i . r —..',"-",, OLE RYNNING'S TRUE ACCOUNT OF AMERICA1 INTRODUCTION An intensive study of the separate immigrant groups which have streamed into America is of deep significance for an adequate understanding of our national life no less from the sociological than from the historical point of view. In tracing the expansion of population through the Mississippi Valley to the American West, the student must give careful considera­ tion to the part played by immigrants from the Scandinavian countries. Interest in the history of the immigration of this group and in its contributions to American life has taken various forms. The most important of these are efforts in the direction of intensive research and the collection and publica­ tion of the materials essential to such research. Source material abounds; yet, owing to the fact that men whose lives have spanned almost the entire period of the main movement of Norwegian immigration are still living, no clear-cut line can be traced between primary and secondary materials. Further­ more, the comparatively recent date of Scandinavian immigra­ tion to the United States has resulted in delaying the work of collecting materials relating to the movement. Recently, how­ ever, through the work of Flora, Babcock, Evjen, Anderson, Nelson, Norelius, Holand, and others, considerable progress has been made.2 Editors of newspapers and magazines have proved assiduous in collecting and publishing accounts of pioneers; 1 Translated and edited, with introduction and notes, by Theodore C.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to South Dakota Norwegian-American Collections
    GUIDE TO COLLECTIONS RELATING TO SOUTH DAKOTA NORWEGIAN-AMERICANS Compiled by Harry F. Thompson, Ph.D. Director of Research Collections and Publications The Center for Western Studies With the assistance of Arthur R. Huseboe, Ph.D. and Paul B. Olson Additional assistance by Carol Riswold, D. Joy Harris, and Laura Plowman Originally published in 1991 by The Center for Western Studies, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 and updated in 2007. Original publication was made possible by a grant from the South Dakota Committee on the Humanities and by a gift from Harold L. Torness of Sisseton, South Dakota. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Albright College 2 Augustana College, The Center for Western Studies 3 Augustana College, Mikkelsen Library 4 Augustana College (IL), Swenson Swedish Immigration Research Center 5 Black Hills State University 6 Brookings Public Library 7 Canton Public Library 8 Centerville Public Library 9 Codington County Historical Society 10 Cornell University Libraries 11 Dakota State University 12 Dakota Wesleyan University 13 Dewey County Library 14 Elk Point Community Library 15 Grant County Public Library 16 Phoebe Apperson Hearst Library 17 J. Roland Hove 18 Luther College 19 Minnehaha County Historical Society 20 Minnehaha County Rural Public Library 21 Minnesota Historical Society, Research Center 2 22 Mitchell Area Genealogical Society 23 Mobridge Public Library 24 National Archives--Central Plains Region 25 North Dakota State University, North Dakota Institute for Regional Studies 26 Norwegian American Historical Association 27 James B. Olson 28 Rapid City Public Library 29 Rapid City Sons of Norway Borgund Lodge I-532 30 Regional Center for Mission--Region III, ELCA 31 St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Two Folk Churches in Finland
    The Two Folk Churches in Finland The 12th Finnish Lutheran-Orthodox Theological Discussions 2014 Publications of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland 29 The Church and Action The Two Folk Churches in Finland The 12th Finnish Lutheran-Orthodox Theological Discussions 2014 Publications of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland 29 The Church and Action National Church Council Department for International Relations Helsinki 2015 The Two Folk Churches in Finland The 12th Finnish Lutheran-Orthodox Theological Discussions 2014 © National Church Council Department for International Relations Publications of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland 29 The Church and Action Documents exchanged between the churches (consultations and reports) Tasknumber: 2015-00362 Editor: Tomi Karttunen Translator: Rupert Moreton Book design: Unigrafia/ Hanna Sario Layout: Emma Martikainen Photos: Kirkon kuvapankki/Arto Takala, Heikki Jääskeläinen, Emma Martikainen ISBN 978-951-789-506-4 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-789-507-1 (PDF) ISSN 2341-9393 (Print) ISSN 2341-9407 (Online) Unigrafia Helsinki 2015 CONTENTS Foreword ..................................................................................................... 5 THE TWELFTH THEOLOGICAL DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH OF FINLAND AND THE ORTHODOX CHURCH OF FINLAND, 2014 Communiqué. ............................................................................................. 9 A Theological and Practical Overview of the Folk Church, opening speech Bishop Arseni ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sverdrup Newsletter19.Pub
    March 2013 The Georg Volume 10, Issue 1 Sverdrup Society NEWSLETTER 2012 GSS Annual Meeting Honors Dr. James S. Hamre The Ninth Annual Meeting of member at AFLC Schools, led In This Issue: the Georg Sverdrup Society the “Sverdrup Songfest,” in- was held October 13, 2012, at cluding “Jeg har en ven” (“I the Radisson Hotel in Fargo, Have a Friend”) and “Den 2012 GSS Annual 1 North Dakota, the site of the Himmelske Lovsang” (“The Meeting Honors Hamre Georg Sverdrup Society’s Heavenly Hymn”). The latter “Sven Oftedal” Study 1 organization in December came to Madagascar with Choice for 2013 2003. The first annual meet- Norwegian missionaries and ing was also held there in is still sung by Malagasy car- “Sverdrup and 3 Controversy October 2004. olers each Easter Sunday Discussion Forum This year’s program was morning at sunrise. After the organized as a tribute to Dr. audience had sung a verse in Photos 4 James S. Hamre, an inspira- Norwegian, Pastor Lee asked Dr. James S. Hamre (left) tion and guide to the society Mrs. Karen Knudsvig, who receives a plaque from GSS “It Is Finished” 4 for the past decade. Rev. served on the mission field in Pres. Loiell Dyrud, “For a Life- Translation Terry Olson of Grand Forks, Madagascar, to sing a verse in time Devoted to Preserving the Legacy of Georg Sverdrup” at North Dakota, gave the Invo- Malagasy. It was a reminder cation. to everyone of Sverdrup’s the Annual Meeting in Fargo. Rev. Robert Lee, faculty (continued on page 2) “Sven Oftedal” Choice for Study in 2013 Georg Sverdrup Georg Sverdrup and Sven Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • The Large Catechism by Martin Luter
    The Large Catechism By Dr. Martin Luther Translated by F. Bente and W. H. T. Dau Essay on Martin Luther and Protestantism Published in: Triglot Concordia: The Symbolical Books of the Ev. Lutheran Church. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1921), pp. 565-773 Preface A Christian, Profitable, and Necessary Preface and Faithful, Earnest Exhortation of Dr. Martin Luther to All Christians, but Especially to All Pastors and Preachers, that They Should Daily Exercise Themselves in the Catechism, which is a Short Summary and Epitome of the Entire Holy Scriptures, and that they May Always Teach the Same. We have no slight reasons for treating the Catechism so constantly [in Sermons] and for both desiring and beseeching others to teach it, since we see to our sorrow that many pastors and preachers are very negligent in this, and slight both their office and this teaching; some from great and high art [giving their mind, as they imagine, to much higher matters], but others from sheer laziness and care for their paunches, assuming no other relation to this business than if they were pastors and preachers for their bellies’ sake, and had nothing to do but to [spend and] consume their emoluments as long as they live, as they have been accustomed to do under the Papacy. And although they have now everything that they are to preach and teach placed before them so abundantly, clearly, and easily, in so many [excellent and] helpful books, and the true Sermones per se loquentes, Dormi secure, Paratos et Thesauros, as they were called in former times; yet they are not so godly and honest as to buy these books, or even when they have them, to look at them or read them.
    [Show full text]
  • Logia 4/03 Text W/O
    Logia a journal of lutheran theology Synodical Presidents C. F. W. Walther J. H. Sieker H. A. Preus J. Bading F. Erdmann M. Loy T S C I A eastertide 2003 volume xii, number 2 ei[ ti" lalei', wJ" lovgia Qeou' logia is a journal of Lutheran theology. As such it publishes articles on exegetical, historical, systematic, and liturgical theolo- T C A this issue shows the presidents of gy that promote the orthodox theology of the Evangelical the synods that formed the Evangelical Lutheran Lutheran Church. We cling to God’s divinely instituted marks of Synodical Conference (formed July at the church: the gospel, preached purely in all its articles, and the Milwaukee, Wisconsin). They include the sacraments, administered according to Christ’s institution. This Revs. C. F. W. Walther (Missouri), H. A. Preus name expresses what this journal wants to be. In Greek, LOGIA (Norwegian), J. H. Sieker (Minnesota), J. Bading functions either as an adjective meaning “eloquent,”“learned,” or (Wisconsin), M. Loy (Ohio), F. Erdmann (Illinois). “cultured,” or as a plural noun meaning “divine revelations,” “words,”or “messages.”The word is found in Peter :, Acts :, Pictures are from the collection of Concordia oJmologiva and Romans :. Its compound forms include (confes- Historical Institute, Rev. Mark A. Loest, assistant ajpologiva ajvnalogiva sion), (defense), and (right relationship). director. Each of these concepts and all of them together express the pur- pose and method of this journal. LOGIA considers itself a free con- ference in print and is committed to providing an independent L is indexed in the ATLA Religion Database, published by the theological forum normed by the prophetic and apostolic American Theological Library Association, Scriptures and the Lutheran Confessions.
    [Show full text]
  • Lutheran Synod Quarterly
    LUTHERAN SYNOD QUARTERLY VOLUME 52 • NUMBERS 2-3 JUNE–SEPTEMBER 2012 The theological journal of Bethany Lutheran Theological Seminary LUTHERAN SYNOD QUARTERLY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF........................................................... Gaylin R. Schmeling BOOK REVIEW EDITOR ......................................................... Michael K. Smith LAYOUT EDITOR ................................................................. Daniel J. Hartwig PRINTER ......................................................... Books of the Way of the Lord FACULTY............. Adolph L. Harstad, Thomas A. Kuster, Dennis W. Marzolf, Gaylin R. Schmeling, Michael K. Smith, Erling T. Teigen The Lutheran Synod Quarterly (ISSN: 0360-9685) is edited by the faculty of Bethany Lutheran Theological Seminary 6 Browns Court Mankato, Minnesota 56001 The Lutheran Synod Quarterly is a continuation of the Clergy Bulletin (1941–1960). The purpose of the Lutheran Synod Quarterly, as was the purpose of the Clergy Bulletin, is to provide a testimony of the theological position of the Evangelical Contents Lutheran Synod and also to promote the academic growth of her clergy roster by providing scholarly articles, rooted in the inerrancy of the Holy Scriptures and the LSQ Vol. 52, Nos. 2–3 (June–September 2012) Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. ARTICLES AND SERMONS The Lutheran Synod Quarterly is published in March and December with a “God Has Gone Up With a Shout” - An Exegetical Study of combined June and September issue. Subscription rates are $25.00 U.S. per year
    [Show full text]
  • This Is a Self-Archived Version of an Original Article. This Version May Differ from the Original in Pagination and Typographic Details
    This is a self-archived version of an original article. This version may differ from the original in pagination and typographic details. Author(s): Mangeloja, Esa Title: Religious Revival Movements and the Development of the Twentieth-century Welfare- state in Finland Year: 2019 Version: Published version Copyright: © 2019 the Authors Rights: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Rights url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Please cite the original version: Mangeloja, E. (2019). Religious Revival Movements and the Development of the Twentieth- century Welfare-state in Finland. In K. Sinnemäki, A. Portman, J. Tilli, & R. Nelson (Eds.), On the Legacy of Lutheranism in Finland : Societal Perspectives (pp. 220-236). Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. Studia Fennica Historica, 25. https://oa.finlit.fi/site/books/10.21435/sfh.25/ On the Legacy of Lutheranism in Finland Societal Perspectives Edited by Kaius Sinnemäki, Anneli Portman, Jouni Tilli and Robert H. Nelson Finnish Literature Society Ü SKS Ü Helsinki Ü 2019 studia fennica historica 25 The publication has undergone a peer review. © 2019 Kaius Sinnemäki, Anneli Portman, Jouni Tilli, Robert H. Nelson and SKS License CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International Cover Design: Timo Numminen EPUB: Tero Salmén ISBN 978-951-858-135-5 (Print) ISBN 978-951-858-150-8 (PDF) ISBN 978-951-858-149-2 (EPUB) ISSN 0085-6835 (Studia Fennica. Print) ISSN 2669-9605 (Studia Fennica. Online) ISSN 1458-526X (Studia Fennica Historica. Print) ISSN 2669-9591 (Studia Fennica Historica. Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.21435/sfh.25 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License.
    [Show full text]
  • Folk I Nord Møtte Prester Fra Sør Kirke- Og Skolehistorie, Minoritets- Og
    KÅRE SVEBAK Folk i Nord møtte prester fra sør Kirke- og skolehistorie, minoritets- og språkpolitikk En kildesamling: 65 LIVHISTORIER c. 1850-1970 KSv side 2 INNHOLDSREGISTER: FORORD ......................................................................................................................................... 10 FORKORTELSER .............................................................................................................................. 11 SKOLELOVER OG INSTRUKSER........................................................................................................ 12 RAMMEPLAN FOR DÅPSOPPLÆRING I DEN NORSKE KIRKE ........................................................... 16 INNLEDNING .................................................................................................................................. 17 1. BERGE, OLE OLSEN: ................................................................................... 26 KVÆFJORD, BUKSNES, STRINDA ....................................................................................................... 26 BUKSNES 1878-88 .......................................................................................................................... 26 2. ARCTANDER, OVE GULDBERG: ................................................................... 30 RISØR, BUKSNES, SORTLAND, SOGNDAL, SIGDAL, MANDAL .................................................................. 30 RISØR 1879-81 ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]