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Transformative Readings of Sacred Scriptures: Christians and Muslims in Dialogue Documentation 62/2017 The interpretation of sacred scriptures engenders vivid debates in religious communities, both at the scholarly and grass-roots levels. Issues of debate LWF are the hermeneutical assumptions, the methods of interpretation, and the constructive and harmful implications of certain readings. For Christian and Muslim communities, themes related to God’s grace, violence, gender relations and ecology, are topical. As scholars from different contexts and faith backgrounds together interpret sacred texts they gain fresh insights into their meaning and their transformative dynamics. Essays by authors with expertise in scriptural interpretation, religious Transformative Readings studies, pastoral care, philosophical theology, gender studies and pedagogy explore Christian and Muslim perspectives on scriptural interpretation, and discuss how to understand how God communicates with the world today. of Sacred Scriptures CONTRIBUTORS: ADAMS, Nicholas; AMOS, Clare; BAIG, Naveed; BEKTOVIC, Christians and Muslims in Dialogue Safet; DRECHSLER, Katja; EL MAAROUFI-ULZHEIMER, Asmaa; EL OMARI, Dina; GRUNG, Anne Hege; KARTZOW BJELLAND, Marianne; LEIRVIK, Oddbjørn; KHORCHIDE, Mouhanad; KNAUTH, Thorsten; KOPP, Martin; MTATA, Kenneth; SCHREINER, Stefan; SINN, Simone; SYAMSUDDIN, Sahiron Transformative ReadingsTransformative of Sacred Scriptures DOC 62/2017 ISBN 9783-374-05430-5 EUR 20,00 [D] Doc 62 Transformative reading EN cover.indd 1 15.11.17 09:30 Transformative Readings of Sacred Scriptures: Christians and Muslims in Dialogue Documentation 62/2017 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Lutheran World Federation Transformative Readings of Sacred Scriptures: Christians and Muslims in Dialogue Edited by Simone Sinn, Dina El Omari and Anne Hege Grung LWF Documentation 62 Bibliographic information published by the German National Library The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the internet at http://dnd. dnd.de © 2017 The Lutheran World Federation Printed in Germany This work, including all of its parts, is protected by copyright. Any use beyond the strict limits of copyright law without the permission of the publishing house is strictly prohibited and punishable by law. This book was printed on FSC-certified paper Cover: (Creative commons) Editorial assistance: Department for Theology and Public Witness Layout: Department for Theology and Public Witness Design: LWF-Office for Communication Services Printing and Binding: druckhaus köthen GmbH & Co. KG ISBN 978-3-374-05430-5 Published by Evangelische Verlangsanstalt GmbH, Leipzig, Germany, under the auspices of The Lutheran World Federation 150, rte de Ferney, PO Box 2100 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Parallel edition in German Contents Preface .............................................................................................................................................7 Martin Junge Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 9 Simone Sinn Reading Sacred Scriptures in Dialogue Handling Problematic Texts: Ethical Critique and Moral Enrichment ..............................17 Oddbjørn Leirvik Transformative Hermeneutics in the Making through the Co-Reading of Biblical and Qur’anic texts by Muslim and Christian Women ................................................................. 29 Anne Hege Grung The Interrelatedness of the Holy Scriptures: the Qur’an as an Interpretation of the Bible ....... 39 Stefan Schreiner The Suspension of Expertise in Scriptural Reasoning ........................................................ 57 Nicholas Adams On the Way Towards a Dialogical Theology ............................................................................67 Katja Drechsler and Thorsten Knauth Transformative Readings of the Qur’an Developing Islamic Theology in the European Context ...................................................... 79 Safet Bektovic The Authors of the Qur’an are Still Alive: The Qur’an as an Act of Communication ....91 Mouhanad Khorchide The Qur’an on the Exclusivist Religious Truth Claim: A Ma‘nā-cum-Maghzā Approach and its Application to Q 2:111–113 ........................................................................................... 99 Sahiron Syamsuddin 5 Transformative Readings of Sacred Scriptures Adam and Eve from the Perspective of Contemporary Feminist Exegesis of the Qur’an.... 111 Dina El Omari Holy Scriptures and the Challenge of Animal Ethics: Fundamental Guidelines of Animal Ethics in Islam ............................................................................................................ 121 Asmaa El Maaroufi-Ulzheimer Images of God in Crisis Situations ........................................................................................133 Naveed Baig Transformative Readings of the Bible Reading Genesis—An Invitation to Dialogue .......................................................................145 Clare Amos Implications of Divine Communication in the Christian Tradition: The case of 1 Samuel 1–7 ........................................................................................................ 157 Kenneth Mtata Dealing with Sacred Scripture: New Testament, Otherness and Intersectionality......173 Marianne Bjelland Kartzow “Choose Life so that you and your Descendants may Live”: Climate Change as a Case Study for a Contextual Hermeneutics ...................................................................................185 Martin Kopp List of contributors ................................................................................................................... 195 6 Preface Martin Junge For us Christians the interpretation of the Bible is crucial since the stories, prayers and theological reflections in the Bible profoundly nurture our faith and our life in this world. One key dimension of the Reformation movement was the renewed focus on the Bible and its life-giving message. Martin Luther was a Bible scholar by training, and he stressed the importance of translating the Bible into the vernacular. He underlined that God’s Word is a living word that aims at touching people’s hearts so that they experi- ence God’s grace. Most renewal movements in the history of the church, be it pietism, popular Bible readings in base communities, or resistance movements in situations of oppression, find motivation and orientation in biblical texts. Among Muslim scholars and within the Muslim community today, there is a vibrant conversation about the interpretation of the Qur’an. For Muslims, the Qur’an provides guidance for their relationship to God and to the world. Muslims recite Qur’anic verses when they pray and these support the Muslim community in daily life and at special moments. To learn verses of the Qur’an by heart is a key practice in Muslim spirituality, and Muslim ethics draw conclusions from the Qur’anic texts. Christians and Muslims know full well that each text emerged in a specific context, and that each reading of the text takes place in a specific context. People of faith turn to their sacred scriptures in times of trouble and weakness as well as in times of joy and gratitude. People look at the texts when they seek guidance, and refer to them when they have to make major decisions. The way in which we understand the texts is naturally informed by what is happening around us. As a Latin American, having grown up during times of oppression and massive violations of human rights, I remember 7 Transformative Readings of Sacred Scriptures what it meant to read sacred texts against this specific sociopolitical context, and how that context informed the ways in which I approached, understood and read sacred texts. The relationship between text and the diverse contexts is therefore one of the main topics in scriptural interpretation. In today’s world, communication breakdowns seem to be the order of the day and communities that used to live together peacefully no longer manage to do so. Polarization, hate speech and extremism haunt our communities; violence or the threat thereof is frightening. In the midst of this reality, the articles in this book, written by Christian and Muslim scholars, attest to the fact that dialogue is possible—dialogue within and between our communities about meaningful and responsible scriptural interpretation today. How do religious communities deal with those passages in their own sacred scriptures that condone, or even justify violence? How do we deal with “texts of terror” in our own scriptures? It is vital that together we try to discern, explain and learn to be accountable in more explicit ways to those key principles that inform our reading of sacred texts and help us to live in a shared world. Important topics that currently trigger vibrant debates in our religious communities with regard to scriptural interpretation are the empowerment of women and the ecological crisis. If justice is not at the very center of how men and women interact with one another the world will never find justice and peace. Equally, justice needs to be at the center in how we relate to all of creation and the planet as a whole. Important interfaith activities have taken place in climate advocacy and we need to join hands in dealing with the significant challenges facing the human family. The essays in this book were first presented
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