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An Introduction to the Survey of Western Palestine

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An Introduction to the Survey of Western Palestine ]nnnDnaanDnnaannc ! D D D n D D n D n D D D D D C ^ PRINCETON, N. J. '^^ Division >^^r^":r:^.'.>M Section /..<^.&.0^^ ^/4tf(/^ Number ; AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SURVEY OF WESTERN PALESTINE Its Waterways, Plains, & Highlands. TRELAWNEY "^SAUNDERS, GEOGRAPHER. ACCORDING TO THE SURVEY CONDUCTED BY LIEUTENANTS CONDER 6- KITCHENER, R.E. FOR THE PALESTINE EXPLORATION FUND. IT It b « RICHARD BENTLEY AND SON, NEW BURLINGTON STREET, Publishers in Ordinary to Her Majesty. l8Si. [all RIUHTS RESKKVEI).] '^ Srwvv^f^' CONTENTS. Preface. Limits of the Survey ; Area ; and Time devoted to it. The results. The Large Map. The Eeduced Map. Special Plans of Towns, etc. Memoirs. General Index. Three editions of the Eeduced Map. Character of tlie Survey. Its extension urged. The New Survey and former Maps. The Survey op Western Palestine. Introduction. The Outline of the Map : Waterways, Basins, Waterpartmgs, and Water- sheds. The Survey included in two Great Watersheds, that of the Mediterranean Sea on the West, and that of the Jordan on the East. The Orography : Lowlands and Highlands. PART I. THE MEDITERRANEAN WATERSHED. page The Basin of Nahr Kasimiyeh. 33° 20' 16" Outfall, JV. Lat. 9-12 The Southern Waterparting. Wady Hajeir. Wady Selukieh. Wady 'Aizakaneh. Rectifications of former Maps. Two classes of Basms. Out of 30 Basins along the Coast, only four drain the Upper Plateau of the Interior. The Basin of Wady el Hubeishiyeh. Oulfall, 33° 17' N. Lat. 12-14 Waterparting. Former Names and Misrepresentations. Two Main Channels the : Hubeishiyeh draining the centre and south, and the Humraniyeh draining tlie northern part. Wady Ashur. Wady el Ma. Castle of Tibnin or Toron. The Basin of Wady el Ezziyeh, and Minor Basins on the North. Outfall Wadi/ el JEzzti/eh, 33° 11' 40" of N. Lat. 1 J-lfi Position. Previous inaccuracy of the Minor Basins. Watly el 'Akkab. Wady Nettarah. Contracted Limits of the liower Part. Expansion of the Upper part. Waterparting. Jebel Adather. Khurbet Belat. Tell Belat. Rectifications of former Works. A 2 PAGE The Basin of Wady Kerkera. 33° 48" Outfall, i' N. Lai. 16-18 Overlooked formerlj. The Basin of Wady el Kfhn. Outfall, 33' 3' N. Lat 18-19 Eelation to Wady el Ezziyeh. Waterparting. Contact with Jordan Basin. The lower Gorge. Kulat el Kurein or Castle of Montfort. Two main branches. Jebelet el Arus. Jebel Jurmuk. El Bukeiah. Gorge of Suhmata. The Basin of Nahr N'amein and Minor Basins on the North 20-23 Outfall, 32° 54' 30" N. Lat. Minor Basim between N'amein and Kurn. Semeiriyeh, Majnuneh. Castle Jiddin. Nahr Mefshukh. Villages. Fountain el Kabrj. Wadj es Salik. Nahr N'amein Basin. Waterparting. Southern Range of Upper Galilee. Extent of Basin. Wady el Halzun and Wady Sliaib. Wady esh Shaghur. Wady el Waziyeh. Base of Southern Eange of Upper Galilee, and the highway tetween Acre and the East. Wady 'Abellin. Three natural divisions of Lower Galilee.. Rectifications. The Basin of Nahr el Mukutt'a (Kishon). Outfall, 32° 49' The waterparting. Outfall. Wady el Melck, and the Northern Divisions of the Basin. Four Main Channels of tlie Southern Division. Affluents of the Central Division. Mount Carmel 26-30 Its eastern and western slopes, paths, wadvs, main rid<i-e, ' " and parallel ranges. The Basins of Nahr ed Dufleh (•), and Nahr ez Zerka f-) Outfalls (1) 32° 35' 42"-(-) 32° 32' 20" N. Lat . 30-32 Three (1.) permanent Streams. El Khashm. Plain of Tanturali Depression of Belad er Ruhah. dividing Mount Carmel from Jebel Sk. Iskander, etc. (2.) Two divisions of tlie Nahr ez Zerka Basin. Notable rectifications. The Basin of Nahr el 32° Mefjir. Outfall, 28' .V. Lat. 32-35 Formerly Nahr Aklidar, and misunderstood. Merj el Ghiiriik Wady es Selhab, Plains of Dothan and 'Arra'beh Wadv ei Ghamik and Wady Abu Nar. The Nuzlet Villages. Wady el .Maleli, Wady el Khudeirah, and Nahr el Mefjir Wady er Roz and Wady Abu Kaslan, Sheikji Beiazi'd Mountains Wady Arab. Wady el Asl, and Wady Bir Istr. Wadv Samantar, Wady el Yahmur, and Wady Rasein. Tlie Uiiland of Umm el Xhataf. Rectifications. The Basins of Nahr Iskanderuneh, and Nahr el Falik Out- falls, 32° 23' 50" and 32° 16' 30" N. Lat ' Outfall of Nahr Iskandcruneh and Waterparting. Rectification Nahrel lalik. Wady esh Shair. NablAs. Mount Ebal or Eslamiyeh. Wady Zeimer. Jebel et TAr or Mount Gerizim VVady et lin Wxdy el Haj Musa. Wady Kulunsawch: V\ ady en Naml. Highways. CONTENTS. 32° 6' . The Basix of Nahe el 'Auja. Ouffall, 10" N. Lett. 37-45 Outfall. Permanent streams. "Waterparting. Merj Sia. Northern and Southern Divisions, and their partition. Northern, Division —Wady Xalkilieh. Wady Azzun. Kectification. Wady Kanah, the biblical Brook Kanah. Wady Kabah Rectification. Wady Ballut, Wady Bushanit and Wady Ishar, "Wady ev Burnt, Wady el Kub, Wady Seilun, Wady en Nimr, Wady el Jib, Wady er Reiya. Wady Suhary. Southern Division— Wady Nusrah. Khallet es Salib. Wady Shahin. Wady esli Shellal or Budrus, and Wady Ludd, their partition. Tribu- taries of Wady esh Shellal :—Wady en Natuf, Wady Malakeh, Wady Hamis, Wady Kelb, Wady Delbeh, and Wady Shamy. Wady Ain 'Arik, Wady el Imeish, Wady es Sunt, Bethhoron. Wady MusUh. Tributaries of Wady Ludd :—Wady Harir. Wady 'Atallah. Wady Aly. Wady Jaar. Wady Suweikeh. Wady Selman. Wady el Mikteleh. Wady el Burj. Wady Mozarki. Wady el Hai. Wady Khushkush. Wady Aly. Wady Alakah. Rectifications. The Basin of Nahe Rubin. Outfall, 31° 56' 10" N. Lat 45-50 OutfaU. Waterparting. Curvature of the Basin. Headwaters on the Plateau of el Jib, or Gibeon. Wady ed Deir. Wady 'Amir. Wady Jillan, ed Dumm, and Beit Hannina. Wady el Abeideh. Wady Buwai. Rectifications around Jerusalem, Wady es Surar. Wady esh Shemarin. Wady es Sikkeh, Wady el Werd, and Wady Bittir. Wady Ismain. Wady en Nagil. Wady el Grhurab. Mount Seir, and Mount Ephron. Separa- tion between the Mountains of Judah and the lowland Hills of of the Shephelah. Samson's Country. Plain of Akir (Ekrou) Valley of Sorek. Wady Deiran. Wady Ayun Do. Wady en Nahir. Wady el Menakh. Moimt Baalah. 49' 10" The Basin of Nahr Sukeeeir. Outfall, 31° N. Lat. 51-54 Waterparting. Three main branches. 1. Wady es Sunt. Wady el Jindy. Wady es Sur. Division of the Mountains and Low- land. Cave of Adullam. Gorge of es Sunt. Tell es Safi. 2. Wady el Afranj. Wady Kaideh. Rectification. 3. Wady ed Dawaimeli. Wady el Ghueit. Outfall. Rectifications. 31° 36' The Basin of Wady el Hesy. Outfall, 20" N. Lat. 54-56 Outfall. Waterparting. Basin of Wady Bireh. Main Sources and Channel of Wady el Hesy. Wady edh Dhikah, and en Nas. Gheith, the site of Gath. Huj. The Basin of Wady Ghuzzeh (Gaza). Outfall, 31° 27' 54" iV. Lat. 56-61 Waterparting. Wady el Khuld. Wady el 'Aawir. Yutta. Wady Kilkis. Wady ed Dilbeh. Wady Deir el Loz. Wady Itmy. Wady es Seba. Ziph and Carmel. Wady el Khan. Wady el Habur. Wady el Ghurra. Wady Saweh. Wady es Seba. Wady el Khureitein. Wady es Seba. Wady esh Sheriah. Shaaraim. Hazor Susah. Darum and Bizjoth-Jah-Baalali. ... CONTENTS. PART II. THE WESTEEN WATEESHED OF THE JOEDAN AND DEAD SEA BASIN. PAGE The Basin gf Wadt et Teim and Nahe Hasbant. Onfall into Ruleh Marsh at es Salihiyeh, 33° 10' N. Lat 62-f)4 The head of the Jordan Basin. Wady et Teim and Nahr el Has- bany. Merj 'Ayun. Perennial Fountains of the Jordan. Tell el K&,dy. Dan. 'Ain and Nahr Leddan. Banias, fount and stream. Nahr Bareighit. The Htjleh Plain, Maesh, and Lake. Outfall, 32° 2' 16" N. Lat. 64-65 The affluents of the Huleh from Kades and Meis. Wady Arus. 'Ain el Mellahah. 33° 3' 3" The Basin of Wadt el Hindaj. Outfall, N. Lat. 65 The Waterparting. The Minor Basins of Wadt Shebabik (Wakkas), etc 65-66 Wady Musheirifeh. Wady Loziyeh. Wady Zuhtuk. Wady Jamus. 32° 51' The Basin of Wadt 'Amud, Safed. Outfall, iV^. Lat. 66 The Basin of . 32° 50' 30" Wadt Eubuditeh Outfall, K. Lat. 66 The Basin 32° 49' of Wadt el Hamam. Outfall, 50 N. Lat. 66-67 The Basin of Wady Fejjas. Outfall, 32° 41' 50" iV^. Lat 67 The Basin OF Wady EL BiEEH. Outfall, B2° 36' JSf. Lat 67-68 Wady Dabu, Yebla, or Esh-sheh. The Basin of Nahe Jalud. Outfall, 32° 31' N. Lat 68-70 'Ain Jaliid. Zerin (Jczreel). Beisan (Bcthsliean). Head of the Basin. Valley of Jezroel. Wady el Hufiyii-. Wady es Sidr. ' 'Ain Tub'aun or Tubania. Kanat es Sokny. "Wady el Hariyeh. Basin of 32° 24' 30" The Wadt Shubash. Outfall, iY. Lat. 70 Elevated glens, or lateral valleys of el Mughaii- and Eaba. Ka'aun, the ancient Coabis. The Basin of Wady el Khashneh. Outfall, 32° 23' 35" N. Lat. 70-71 The Basin of Wjdy el 32° 21' 25" Maleh. Outfall, N. Lat. 71-73 Waterparting. Three main branches :—Wady el Maleh and Castle. Wady Helweh. Wady ed Duba. Minou Basins between Wady el Maleh, the Jordan, and Wady Far'ah 73 7(5 The Slope. Wady Umm el Kharrubeh. Wady Shaib. Wftdy el Bukei'a and Abu Sidreh. The Ghor and the Zor. Sh'ab cl Ghoraniyeh. 1 CONTENTS. VI PAU K 2' The Basin of Wady Far'ah. Outfall, 32° 20" N. Lat. 76-8 Waterpartiug. Dimensions. Head of the Basin in two parts. 1. Southern part—Plains of Eujib, Askar, and SaUui, Chasm of Wady Beidan. 2. Northern part—Two centres at 'Ain and Tell Far'ali, and Wady Beidan. Wady Far'ah. Sea Level. Fall. Three divisions. El Fersh. Buseiliyeh. Gorge. The Kurawa. Masudy Arabs.
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