October 3 2011 the Rise and Fall of the Fast
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Download a Copy
Cover image: Courtesey of EDF Energy — www.edfenergy.com/energy CONTENTS... 1 AT A GLANCE... 2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY... 4 BENEFITS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY... 5 WHAT THE PUBLIC THINK... 6 HOW NUCLEAR CREATES ENERGY... 7 HOW A REACTOR WORKS... 8 THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE... 9 MANAGING WASTE... 10 RADIATION EXPLAINED... 12 NUCLEAR AROUND THE WORLD... 14 UK NUCLEAR SITES... 16 NUCLEAR NEW BUILD... 17 NEW BUILD IN NUMBERS... 18 LOOKING TO THE FUTURE... 19 DECOMMISSIONING... 20 CAREERS IN NUCLEAR... 21 FUTHER INFORMATION... AT A GLANCE... Nuclear is a major part of our energy mix. Today it accounts for 21% of electricity generated in the UK and has been providing secure low carbon electricity for over 60 years. Low carbon energy, including There are 15 nuclear power and renewables, nuclear power account for almost 51% of the reactors operating UK’s generation electricity mix across eight sites in the UK In 2016 nuclear energy avoided 22.7 million metric tonnes of CO2 emissions in the UK BEIS,Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2018 That’s equivalent to taking around a third of all cars in the UK off the road Civil nuclear contributes over £6 billion to the jobs in the UK civil nuclear sector UK economy as much as aerospace manufacturing 12,159 Women in civil nuclear 1,981 People on apprenticeships Three quarters of the public 914 believe nuclear should be part People on graduate schemes of the clean energy mix Jobs Map figures generated from participating NIA members 1 This simple timeline charts some of the key people, events and legislation A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY.. -
Selection of Retrieval Techniques for Irradiated Graphite During Reactor Decommissioning - 11587
WM2011 Conference, February 27 - March 3, 2011, Phoenix, AZ Selection of Retrieval Techniques for Irradiated Graphite during Reactor Decommissioning - 11587 D.J. Potter*, R.B. Jarvis*, A.W. Banford*, L. Cordingley*, and M. Grave** * National Nuclear Laboratory, Chadwick House, Birchwood Park, Warrington, Cheshire, WA3 6AE, UK ** Doosan Babcock, Baltic Business Centre, Gateshead, NE8 3DA, UK ABSTRACT Globally, around 230,000 tonnes of irradiated graphite requires retrieval, treatment, management and/or disposal. This waste has arisen from a wide range of reactors, predominantly from the use of graphite moderated reactors for base-load generation, but also from experimental research facilities. Much of the graphite is presently still in the reactor core while other graphite is stored in a variety of forms in waste stores. The first step in the management of this significant waste stream is retrieval of the graphite from its present location. Doosan Babcock and the UK National Nuclear Laboratory are participants in the CARBOWASTE European research project which brings together organisations from a range of countries with an irradiated graphite legacy to address the graphite waste management challenge. This paper describes the issues associated with retrieval of graphite from reactors, potential approaches to graphite retrieval and the information needed to select a particular retrieval method for a specified application. Graphite retrieval is viewed within the context of the wider strategy for the management of irradiated graphite waste streams. The paper identifies the challenges of graphite retrieval and provides some examples where modelling can be used to provide information to support retrievals design and operations. INTRODUCTION A four year collaborative European Project ‘Treatment and Disposal of Irradiated Graphite and other Carbonaceous Waste (CARBOWASTE)’ was launched in April 2008 under the 7th EURATOM Framework Programme [1]. -
Neural Network Based Microgrid Voltage Control Chun-Ju Huang University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations May 2013 Neural Network Based Microgrid Voltage Control Chun-Ju Huang University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Electrical and Electronics Commons Recommended Citation Huang, Chun-Ju, "Neural Network Based Microgrid Voltage Control" (2013). Theses and Dissertations. 118. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/118 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEURAL NETWORK BASED MICROGRID VOLTAGE CONTROL by Chun-Ju Huang A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee May 2013 ABSTRACT NEURAL NETWORK BASED MICROGRID VOLTAGE CONTROL by Chun-Ju Huang The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2013 Under the Supervision of Professor David Yu The primary purpose of this study is to improve the voltage profile of Microgrid using the neural network algorithm. Neural networks have been successfully used for character recognition, image compression, and stock market prediction, but there is no directly application related to controlling distributed generations of Microgrid. For this reason the author decided to investigate further applications, with the aim of controlling diesel generator outputs. Firstly, this thesis examines the neural network algorithm that can be utilized for alleviating voltage issues of Microgrid and presents the results. MATLAT and PSCAD are used for training neural network and simulating the Microgrid model respectively. -
Monitoring and Diagnosis Systems to Improve Nuclear Power Plant Reliability and Safety. Proceedings of the Specialists` Meeting
J — v ft INIS-mf—15B1 7 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY NUCLEAR ELECTRIC Ltd. Monitoring and Diagnosis Systems to Improve Nuclear Power Plant Reliability and Safety PROCEEDINGS OF THE SPECIALISTS’ MEETING JOINTLY ORGANISED BY THE IAEA AND NUCLEAR ELECTRIC Ltd. AND HELD IN GLOUCESTER, UK 14-17 MAY 1996 NUCLEAR ELECTRIC Ltd. 1996 VOL INTRODUCTION The Specialists ’ Meeting on Monitoring and Diagnosis Systems to Improve Nuclear Power Plant Reliability and Safety, held in Gloucester, UK, 14 - 17 May 1996, was organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency in the framework of the International Working Group on Nuclear Power Plant Control and Instrumentation (IWG-NPPCI) and the International Task Force on NPP Diagnostics in co-operation with Nuclear Electric Ltd. The 50 participants, representing 21 Member States (Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Russian Federation, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK and USA), reviewed the current approaches in Member States in the area of monitoring and diagnosis systems. The Meeting attempted to identify advanced techniques in the field of diagnostics of electrical and mechanical components for safety and operation improvements, reviewed actual practices and experiences related to the application of those systems with special emphasis on real occurrences, exchanged current experiences with diagnostics as a means for predictive maintenance. Monitoring of the electrical and mechanical components of systems is directly associated with the performance and safety of nuclear power plants. On-line monitoring and diagnostic systems have been applied to reactor vessel internals, pumps, safety and relief valves and turbine generators. The monitoring techniques include nose analysis, vibration analysis, and loose parts detection. -
Evaluation of Covert Plutonium Production from Unconventional Uranium Sources
International Journal of Nuclear Security Volume 2 Number 3 Article 7 12-31-2016 Evaluation Of Covert Plutonium Production From Unconventional Uranium Sources Ondrej Chvala University of Tennessee Steven Skutnik University of Tennessee Tyrone Christopher Harris University of Tennessee Emily Anne Frame University of Tennessee Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/ijns Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Engineering Education Commons, International Relations Commons, National Security Law Commons, Nuclear Commons, Nuclear Engineering Commons, Radiochemistry Commons, and the Training and Development Commons Recommended Citation Chvala, Ondrej; Skutnik, Steven; Harris, Tyrone Christopher; and Frame, Emily Anne (2016) "Evaluation Of Covert Plutonium Production From Unconventional Uranium Sources," International Journal of Nuclear Security: Vol. 2: No. 3, Article 7. https://doi.org/10.7290/v7rb72j5 Available at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/ijns/vol2/iss3/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Volunteer, Open Access, Library Journals (VOL Journals), published in partnership with The University of Tennessee (UT) University Libraries. This article has been accepted for inclusion in International Journal of Nuclear Security by an authorized editor. For more information, please visit https://trace.tennessee.edu/ijns. Chvala et al.: Evaluation Of Covert Plutonium Production From Unconventional Uranium Sources International Journal of Nuclear Security, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2016 Evaluation of Covert Plutonium Production from Unconventional Uranium Sources Tyrone Harris, Ondrej Chvala, Steven E. Skutnik, and Emily Frame University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Nuclear Engineering, USA Abstract The potential for a relatively non-advanced nation to covertly acquire a significant quantity of weapons- grade plutonium using a gas-cooled, natural uranium-fueled reactor based on relatively primitive early published designs is evaluated in this article. -
Our Vision: First in UK Power
Operator: kevin Date: 02.06.2008 Server: studio 3 Set-up: Dave First Read/Revisions Our vision: First in UK power British Energy Group plc Annual Report and Accounts plc Annual ReportBritish Energy Group and Accounts 2007/08 British Energy Group plc GSO Business Park East Kilbride G74 5PG United Kingdom Registered in Scotland Number 270184 Annual Report and Accounts 2007/08 MM60056005 BBEE CCover.inddover.indd 1 99/6/08/6/08 007:24:147:24:14 Operator: kevin Date: 02.06.2008 Server: studio 3 Set-up: Dave First Read/Revisions British Energy is the lowest carbon emitter of the major electricity generators in the United Kingdom and the only low carbon baseload generator. BUSINESS SUMMARY Our Power Stations 01 Highlights 1 02 Our Strategy Torness Two advanced gas-cooled reactors 03 Key Performance Indicators 2 Hartlepool 04 Chairman’s Statement Two advanced gas-cooled reactors 3 Eggborough DIRECTORS’ REPORT – BUSINESS REVIEW Four coal-fi red units 06 Chief Executive’s Business Review 4 Sizewell B 14 Financial Review One pressurised water reactor 5 28 Corporate Social Responsibility ' Dungeness B / Two advanced gas-cooled reactors 6 Hinkley Point B DIRECTORS’ REPORT – CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 32 Board of Directors Two advanced gas-cooled reactors 7 1 34 Corporate Governance Heysham ( Two advanced gas-cooled reactors 42 Remuneration Committee Report 8 Heysham 2 49 Other Statutory Information . Two advanced gas-cooled reactors - ) 9 Hunterston B FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Two advanced gas-cooled reactors 51 Independent Auditors’ Report to the Members of -
Monica Mwanje on How Inclusion and Diversity Will Shape the Future of the Industry
www.nuclearinst.com The professional journal of the Nuclear Institute Vol. 16 #6 u November/December 2020 u ISSN 1745 2058 Monica Mwanje on how inclusion and diversity will shape the future of the industry BRANCH The latest updates from your region ROBOT WARS The future of contamination testing YGN Staying connected in a virtual world FOCUS ANALYSIS NET ZERO Why glossy marketing won’t New capabilities in radioactive Could nuclear-produced fix the gender diversity materials research hydrogen be the answer problem to climate change? u Network u Learn u Contribute u CNL oers exciting opportunities in the burgeoning nuclear and environmental clean-up eld. CNL’s Chalk River campus is undergoing a major transformation that requires highly skilled engineers, scientists and technologists making a dierence in the protection of our environment and safe management of wastes. PRESIDENT’S PERSPECTIVE 4 Gwen Parry-Jones on building a new normal NEWS, COLUMNS & INSIGHT 6-7 News 23 8-9 Branch news 10-11 BIG PICTURE: Robot Wars 12 Letters to the Editor 13 BY THE NUMBERS: Russia’s nuclear plans 14-15 MEMBER VALUE: Supporting diversity 18 News 19 Supply chains in the nuclear industry FEATURES 20-22 FOCUS: Fixing the gender diversity problem – by Jill Partington of Assystem 23-25 ANALYSIS: New capabilities in radioactive material research - by Malcolm J Joyce, Chris Grovenor and Francis Livens 26-27 NUCLEAR FOR NET ZERO: Could nuclear-produced hydrogen solve climate issues? - by Eric Ingersoll and Kirsty Gogan of LucidCatalyst 20 YOUNG GENERATION NETWORK -
Name Surname
OFGEM FINANCIAL INFORMATION REPORTING YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2010 Under the Ofgem issued “Energy Supply Probe – Proposed Retail Market Remedies”, changes to generators and suppliers licences were made requiring licence holders to publish financial information to aid comparability of suppliers and generators. This “Segmental Reporting” satisfies Standard Licence Condition 19A of the Gas and Electricity Supply Licences and Standard Licence Condition 16B of the Electricity Generation Licence. EDF Energy (UK) Ltd and its subsidiaries (“EDF Energy”) operate through 3 operational business units supported by corporate services. These are “Energy Sourcing and Customer Supply”, ”Nuclear Generation”, “Nuclear New Build” and “Corporate Steering Functions and Company Shared Services & Integration”. The principal activities of these business units and support services are: Energy Sourcing and Customer Supply (ESCS): the provision and supply of electricity and gas to residential, commercial and industrial customers, the provision of services relating to energy, including purchasing of fuel for power generation and the generation of electricity; Nuclear Generation (NG): the generation of electricity through its fleet of nuclear power stations and Nuclear New Build (NNB): the development and construction of new nuclear power plants in the United Kingdom Corporate Steering Functions and Company Shared Services and Integration (CSF/CSSI): the provision of support services including HR, Finance, Property and IT, and the development of greater integration and synergies across the company where possible. The results of NNB are excluded from the scope of the Ofgem requirements hence NNB indirect and direct costs are not included in the analysis below. No consolidated statutory accounts have been prepared which include all UK operations of the EDF Energy group of companies. -
Nuclear Power and Deregulated Electricity Markets: Lessons from British Energy
Nuclear Power and Deregulated Electricity Markets: Lessons from British Energy EPRG Working Paper 0808 Simon Taylor Abstract The privatisation in 1996 and subsequent financial crisis in 2002 of the company British Energy plc shed some light on the difficulties of running a nuclear generator in a deregulated electricity market. This paper explains the causes of the company’s financial difficulties and argues that they do not amount to evidence that nuclear power cannot survive in liberalised markets. The causes of the financial crisis were complex and varied but nuclear power risks are not conceptually different from those successfully handled by markets in other sectors. In particular there is no reason in principle why new nuclear power stations should not be viable in a deregulated power market, assuming they are fundamentally cost competitive. Keywords Keywords: Electricity markets, nuclear power, risk management, corporate strategy, financial strategy, G PAPER privatisation. N JEL Classification G32, L94, Q48 Contact [email protected] Publication February 2008 EPRG WORKI www.electricitypolicy.org.uk 1. Introduction The British government privatised the more modern UK nuclear power stations in the form of the company British Energy plc in 1996. The company was unusual in being a wholly nuclear merchant power generator in a deregulated power market. It was also unusual in having full financial responsibility for its back end nuclear liabilities. The company initially raised output and profits and saw its shares rise strongly. But by 2002 it had run out of cash and had to get emergency financing from the government to avoid going into administration. -
Nuclear Research and Development Capabilities
Nuclear Research and Development Capabilities Response from the Engineering the Future alliance which includes: • The Royal Academy of Engineering • The Institution of Engineering and Technology • The Institution of Mechanical Engineers • The Institution of Chemical Engineers • The Engineering Council • Engineering UK House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology April 2011 Engineering the Future is pleased to have the opportunity to input into the Committee’s inquiry into UK nuclear research and development capability. As the alliance of the UK professional engineering institutions, Engineering the Future can draw upon a wide range of expertise in the nuclear field. It is clear that maintaining a strong nuclear research and development capability within the UK is important not only in its own right, but also in terms of positioning the UK as a credible partner in the international civil nuclear business and in maintaining the skills pipeline required by the industry in the UK for today and the future. This response has been coordinated by the Royal Academy of Engineering on behalf of Engineering the Future. Engineering the Future is a broad alliance of engineering institutions and bodies which represent the UK’s 450,000 professional engineers. We provide independent expert advice and promote understanding of the contribution that engineering makes to the economy, society and to the development and delivery of national policy. Nuclear Research and Development Capabilities The implications of future scenarios • What are the research and capability requirements of nuclear energy policy options, roadmaps and scenarios up to 2050? • What consideration is the Government giving to the UK’s R&D requirements to meet the policy objectives for nuclear energy both in the near term and longer term (to 2050)? Does more need to be done? • What research capabilities and commitments are required now to meet these future nuclear energy policies? 1. -
Community Energy White Paper April 2014 Contents
Community Energy White Paper April 2014 Contents Letter from the CEO .............................................................................. 3 Executive Summary ............................................................................. 4 Redefining energy ............................................................................... 5 Today’s challenges .............................................................................. 8 The future of energy .......................................................................... 11 A solution: Decentralisation ............................................................... 14 Why focus on communities? .............................................................. 15 What can we learn from other countries? ........................................ 20 A platform for success ...................................................................... 24 How will it work? ............................................................................... 25 Government support ......................................................................... 26 Appendix: The UK Government’s community energy strategy ....... 27 Bibliography ....................................................................................... 29 2 Letter from the CEO All industries evolve. If they don’t, they die out or are supplanted by something different. Evolution can take many forms - value for money, customer service, product innovation, operational efficiency. But one way or another, change means survival and growth. -
Magnox Electric Plc's Strategy for Decommissioning Its Nuclear
A review by HM Nuclear Installations Inspectorate Magnox Electric plc’s strategy for decommissioning its nuclear licensed sites A review by HM Nuclear Installations Inspectorate Magnox Electric plc’s strategy for decommissioning its nuclear licensed sites Published by the Health and Safety Executive February 2002 Further copies are available from: Health and Safety Executive Nuclear Safety Directorate Information Centre Room 004 St Peter’s House Balliol Road, Bootle Merseyside L20 3LZ Tel: 0151 951 4103 Fax: 0151 951 4004 E-mail: [email protected] Available on the Internet from: http://www.open.gov.uk/hse/nsd ii FOREWORD This report sets out the findings of a review by the Health and Safety Executive’s Nuclear Installation Inspectorate, in consultation with the environment agencies, of the Magnox Electric plc (Magnox Electric) decommissioning and waste management strategies for its nuclear licensed sites. The review was undertaken in accordance with the 1995 White Paper “Review of Radioactive Waste Management Policy: Final Conclusions”, Cm 2919, which stated that the Government would ask all nuclear operators to draw up strategies for the decommissioning of their redundant plant and that the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) would review these strategies on a quinquennial basis in consultation with the environment agencies. The Magnox Electric strategy upon which this review is based was prepared subsequent to the merger of Magnox Electric with British Nuclear Fuels plc (BNFL) but whilst it still remained a separate nuclear site licensee under the Nuclear Installations Act 1965 (as amended). This report therefore considers Magnox Electric’s decommissioning and waste management strategies as of April 2000 for its nuclear licensed sites at: Berkeley, Bradwell, Dungeness A, Hinkley Point A, Hunterston A, Oldbury, Sizewell A, Trawsfynydd and Wylfa; and at the Berkeley Centre; and for the financial liabilities for waste and decommissioning on other nuclear licensed sites (e.g.