Ecobalance 2010
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EcoBalance2010 The 9th International Conference on EcoBalance November 9-12, 2010, Tokyo, Japan EcoBalance 2010 The 9th International Conference on EcoBalance Towards & Beyond 2020 November 9-12, 2010 National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation (Miraikan), Tokyo, Japan Proceedings Organized by Co-organized by The Institute of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan Life Cycle Assessment Society of Japan Ecomaterials Forum EcoBalance2010 The 9th International Conference on EcoBalance November 9-12, 2010, Tokyo, Japan Credit Copyright The copyright of the individual contributions will revert to the contributors while the copyright of this CD-ROM belongs to The Institute of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan. CD-ROM This CD-ROM was compiled and published by The Institute of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan Photocopying of CD-ROM Single photocopies of single articles may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. 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EcoBalance2010 The 9th International Conference on EcoBalance November 9-12, 2010, Tokyo, Japan Preface Towards & Beyond 2020 For a sustainable future, we now need to decide what must be done over the next decade. Certain decisions may cause massive damage to the environment, or have negative socio-economic impacts on distant countries. Hence, we have to make decisions carefully by not only focusing on the immediate interests but also considering the indirect impacts on both distant places and the future. That is to say, it is important for us to make decisions based on life cycle thinking that takes various trade-offs into account. The International Conference on EcoBalance began in 1994 to deal with life cycle assessment (LCA), and has since developed over the years as a forum to discuss the development and applications of methods for sustainability based on life cycle thinking. To date, the conference has attracted many participants from all over the world working in academia, industry and government. The purpose of EcoBalance 2010 (The 9th International Conference on EcoBalance) is to discuss problems and solutions in various fields such as energy, resources, food, water, transportation, consumer life etc. to clarify what we must do towards and beyond 2020 to ensure a sustainable future. This volume contains the papers presented at EcoBalance 2010 in Tokyo, Japan, from November 9 to 12, 2010. I believe that this volume serves as a significant source to provide the latest findings in LCA and related fields, and makes a fruitful contribution to designing our sustainable future. Finally, I wish to thank all the members of the International Advisory Committee and the Executive Committee, as well as many colleagues and organizations, who contributed to the success of the Conference in various ways. Hiroki HONDO Chair of the Executive Committee of EcoBalance 2010 EcoBalance2010 The 9th International Conference on EcoBalance November 9-12, 2010, Tokyo, Japan Sponsors パシフィックコンサルタンツ株式会社 AJINOMOTO CO., INC. PACIFIC CONSULTANTS CO.,LTD FURUKAWA TECHNO MATERIAL CO., LTD. PE INTERNATIONAL Hitachi, Ltd. Recycle One, Inc. Japan PVC Environmental Affairs Council TCO2 Co.,Ltd. KPMG AZSA Sustainability Co. Ltd. TOYOBO ENGINEERING CO., LTD. Mizuho Information & Research Institute, Inc. Vinyl Environmental Council Non-Profit Organization Organization Minamishinshu Ohisama-Shinpo (In alphabetical order) EcoBalance2010 The 9th International Conference on EcoBalance November 9-12, 2010, Tokyo, Japan Cooperating Organizations Architectural Institute of Japan Society of Environmental Science, Japan Building Contractors Society The Agricultural Society of Japan Center for Environmental Information Science The Building Center of Japan Communications and Information network Association of Japan The Ceramic Society of Japan Green & Sustainable Chemistry Network The Committee for the Promotion of Recycling of Construction By-Product Green Purchasing Network(GPN) The Engineering Academy of Japan Japan Aluminium Association The High Pressure Gas Safety Institute of Japan Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc. The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan Japan Cement Association The Japan Electrical Manufacturers' Association Japan Chain Stores Association The Japan Gas Association Japan Chemical Fibers Association The Japan Institute of Energy Japan Chemical Industry Association(JCIA) The Japan Institute of Light Metals Japan Chemical Innovation Institute The Japan Institute of Metals Japan Civil Engineering Contractors Association, Inc. The Japan Iron and Steel Federation Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association The Japan Petroleum Institute Japan Environment Association The Japan Reinforced Plastics Society Japan Federation of Construction Contractors The Japan Rubber Manufacturers Association Japan Greenhouse Horticulture Association The Japan Society for Composite Materials Japan LP Gas Association The Japan Society for Precision Engineering Japan Packaging Institute The Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity Japan Petrochemical Industry Association The Japan Society of Industrial Machinery Manufacturers Japan PVC Environmental Affairs council The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment The Japan Wood Research Society Japan Society of Civil Engineers The Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology Japan Society of Energy and Resources The Materials Process Technology Center Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management The Materials Research Society of Japan (MRS-J) Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (MMIJ) Japanese Consumers' Co-operative Union The Society for Risk Analysis Japan Japanese Society for Biomaterials The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan Japanese Society of Farm Work Research The Society of Materials Science, Japan Japanese Society of soil Science and plant Nutrition The Society of Polymer Science, Japan Manufacturing Science and Technology Center The Society of Rubber Industry, Japan National Institute for Materials Science The Surface Finishing Society of Japan Nippon Association of Consumer Specialists The Union of EcoDesigners Pesticide Science Society of Japan Thermal and Nuclear Power Engineering Society Petroleum Association of Japan Vinyl Environmental Council Plastic Waste Management Institute Water Reuse Promotion Center Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth Wood Technological Association of Japan Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies Society for Techno-innovation of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries EcoBalance2010 The 9th International Conference on EcoBalance November 9-12, 2010, Tokyo, Japan Supporting Ministries of EcoBalance 2010 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan Ministry of the Environment, Japan EcoBalance2010 The 9th International Conference on EcoBalance November 9-12, 2010, Tokyo, Japan Executive Committee Chair Hiroki HONDO Yokohama National University, Japan Vice-chairs Yuki KUDOH National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan Keisuke NANSAI National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan Members Kiyoshi DOWAKI Tokyo University of Science, Japan