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Dual-Function Heatsink Antennas for High-Density Three- Dimensional Integration of High-Power Transmitters

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Dual-Function Heatsink Antennas for High-Density Three- Dimensional Integration of High-Power Transmitters DUAL-FUNCTION HEATSINK ANTENNAS FOR HIGH-DENSITY THREE- DIMENSIONAL INTEGRATION OF HIGH-POWER TRANSMITTERS By LANCE NICHOLAS COVERT A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2008 1 © 2008 Lance Nicholas Covert 2 To my parents, my brother and my wife 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Jenshan Lin for the opportunity to work under him and for his advice, encouragement, and mentoring throughout the process. I have truly enjoyed working for him over the years. I would also like to thank Dr. Huikai Xie, Dr. Henry Zmuda, and Dr. Fan Ren for their time and for being on my committee. All of the previous and current RFSOC group members up to date have helped in some way either technically or with comic relief and friendship, so I thank all of them. I would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory and Thomas Dalrymple for funding this project. The antenna measurements performed by Dan Janning at the AFRL are greatly appreciated. Mr. Bob Helsby of the Ansoft Corporation helped out by providing UF with Ansoft tools. I would also like to thank Shannon Chillingworth and all of the personnel in the EE office. Finally, I would like to thank my wife, my brother and my parents for their encouragement and unconditional support. Without them it would not be possible. I would also like to thank my wife’s family and my brother’s family for their support. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................8 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................9 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................18 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................19 1.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................19 1.2 3-D System-on-Chip (SOC) with Integrated 3-D Heatsink Antenna ..........................20 1.3 Heatsink Antenna.........................................................................................................21 2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION .......................................................................................24 2.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................24 2.2 RF Transceivers and the Transmitter...........................................................................24 2.3 Antenna-Related Parameters........................................................................................26 2.3.1 Input Impedance and Reflected Power ..............................................................27 2.3.2 Radiation Efficiency ..........................................................................................30 2.3.3 Directivity ..........................................................................................................30 2.3.4 Gain....................................................................................................................31 2.3.5 Friis Transmission Equation ..............................................................................32 2.4 Microstrip Patch Antennas...........................................................................................34 2.5 Thermal Issues .............................................................................................................35 3 PIN-FIN HEATSINK ANTENNA AT 2.4 GHz....................................................................39 3.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................39 3.2 Design Overview .........................................................................................................40 3.2.1 Microstrip Patch Antenna Design and Simulation.............................................40 3.2.2 Fabricated Patch and Heatsink Antenna ............................................................41 3.2.3 HFSS Model Description...................................................................................43 3.3 Results and Measurements...........................................................................................44 3.3.1 Radiation Efficiency ..........................................................................................44 3.3.2 Input Reflection Coefficient (S11) and Bandwidth.............................................47 3.3.3 Far-Field Radiation Patterns ..............................................................................50 3.3.4 E-Field Magnitude Plots ....................................................................................52 3.3.5 Summary of Results...........................................................................................53 3.4 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................54 5 4 EXTRUDED-FIN HEATSINK ANTENNAS AT 5.8 GHz...................................................56 4.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................56 4.2 Design Overview .........................................................................................................56 4.2.1 Antenna Design..................................................................................................56 4.2.2 HFSS Model Description...................................................................................59 4.3 Results and Measurements...........................................................................................60 4.3.1 Radiation Efficiency ..........................................................................................60 4.3.2 Bandwidth and Return Loss...............................................................................61 4.3.3 Far-Field Radiation Patterns ..............................................................................67 4.3.4 E-Field Plots.......................................................................................................69 4.3.5 Summary of Results...........................................................................................72 4.4 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................74 5 FIN HEIGHT AND ORIENTATION EFFECTS OF EXTRUDED-FIN AND PIN-FIN HEATSINK ANTENNAS......................................................................................................75 5.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................75 5.2 Simulation and Measurement Setup ............................................................................75 5.2.1 Simulation Setup................................................................................................75 5.2.2 Measurement Setup............................................................................................79 5.3 Three-Finned Heatsink Antenna Results .....................................................................79 5.3.1 Input Reflection Coefficient and Resonant Frequency Analysis.......................80 5.3.2 Antenna Parameters and Radiation Patterns......................................................95 5.3.3 Fin Thickness Sweep .......................................................................................116 5.4 Two-Finned Heatsink Antenna Results .....................................................................118 5.4.1 Resonant Frequency and Input Reflection Coefficient....................................118 5.4.2 Antenna Parameters .........................................................................................123 5.5 Multiple Fin Results...................................................................................................126 5.6 Pin-Fin Results...........................................................................................................129 5.7 Summary of Results...................................................................................................133 5.8 Conclusion .................................................................................................................134 6 BOXED AND CUBIC HEATSINK ANTENNAS ..............................................................137 6.1 Introduction................................................................................................................137 6.2 Simulations and Results.............................................................................................137 6.2.1 Simulation Setup..............................................................................................137 6.2.2 Results of Boxed Heatsink Antenna Simulations ............................................140 6.2.3 Results of Cubic Heatsink Antenna Simulations.............................................148 6.2.4 Summary of Results.........................................................................................151
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