Acme, Stub Acme, and Buttress Threads, Rolled Threads for Screw Shel
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W5GI MYSTERY ANTENNA (Pdf)
W5GI Mystery Antenna A multi-band wire antenna that performs exceptionally well even though it confounds antenna modeling software Article by W5GI ( SK ) The design of the Mystery antenna was inspired by an article written by James E. Taylor, W2OZH, in which he described a low profile collinear coaxial array. This antenna covers 80 to 6 meters with low feed point impedance and will work with most radios, with or without an antenna tuner. It is approximately 100 feet long, can handle the legal limit, and is easy and inexpensive to build. It’s similar to a G5RV but a much better performer especially on 20 meters. The W5GI Mystery antenna, erected at various heights and configurations, is currently being used by thousands of amateurs throughout the world. Feedback from users indicates that the antenna has met or exceeded all performance criteria. The “mystery”! part of the antenna comes from the fact that it is difficult, if not impossible, to model and explain why the antenna works as well as it does. The antenna is especially well suited to hams who are unable to erect towers and rotating arrays. All that’s needed is two vertical supports (trees work well) about 130 feet apart to permit installation of wire antennas at about 25 feet above ground. The W5GI Multi-band Mystery Antenna is a fundamentally a collinear antenna comprising three half waves in-phase on 20 meters with a half-wave 20 meter line transformer. It may sound and look like a G5RV but it is a substantially different antenna on 20 meters. -
A Polarization Approach to Determining Rotational Angles of a Mortar
A POLARIZATION APPROACH TO DETERMINING ROTATIONAL ANGLES OF A MORTAR by Muhammad Hassan Chishti A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering Summer 2010 Copyright 2010 Muhammad Chishti All Rights Reserved A POLARIZATION APPROACH TO DETERMINING ROTATIONAL ANGLES OF A MORTAR by Muhammad Hassan Chishti Approved: __________________________________________________________ Daniel S. Weile, Ph.D Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: __________________________________________________________ Kenneth E. Barner, Ph.D Chair of the Department Electrical and Computer Engineering Approved: __________________________________________________________ Michael J. Chajes, Ph.D Dean of the College of Engineering Approved: __________________________________________________________ Debra Hess Norris, M.S Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education This thesis is dedicated to, My Sheikh Hazrat Maulana Mufti Muneer Ahmed Akhoon Damat Barakatuhum My Father Muhammad Hussain Chishti My Mother Shahida Chishti ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, my all praise and thanks be to the Almighty Allah, The Beneficent, Most Gracious, and Most Merciful. Without His mercy and favor I would have been an unrecognizable speck of dust. I am exceedingly thankful to my advisor Professor Daniel S. Weile. It is through his support, guidance, generous heart, and mentorship that steered me through this Masters Thesis. Definitely one of the smartest people I have ever had the fortune of knowing and working. I am really indebted to him for all that. I would like to thank the Army Research Labs (ARL) in Aberdeen, MD for providing me the funding support to perform the research herein. -
Smith Chart Calculations
The following material was extracted from earlier edi- tions. Figure and Equation sequence references are from the 21st edition of The ARRL Antenna Book Smith Chart Calculations The Smith Chart is a sophisticated graphic tool for specialized type of graph. Consider it as having curved, rather solving transmission line problems. One of the simpler ap- than rectangular, coordinate lines. The coordinate system plications is to determine the feed-point impedance of an consists simply of two families of circles—the resistance antenna, based on an impedance measurement at the input family, and the reactance family. The resistance circles, Fig of a random length of transmission line. By using the Smith 1, are centered on the resistance axis (the only straight line Chart, the impedance measurement can be made with the on the chart), and are tangent to the outer circle at the right antenna in place atop a tower or mast, and there is no need of the chart. Each circle is assigned a value of resistance, to cut the line to an exact multiple of half wavelengths. The which is indicated at the point where the circle crosses the Smith Chart may be used for other purposes, too, such as the resistance axis. All points along any one circle have the same design of impedance-matching networks. These matching resistance value. networks can take on any of several forms, such as L and pi The values assigned to these circles vary from zero at the networks, a stub matching system, a series-section match, and left of the chart to infinity at the right, and actually represent more. -
Screw Thread Systems
Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition TABLE OF CONTENTS THREADS AND THREADING SCREW THREAD SYSTEMS METRIC SCREW THREADS 1725 Screw Thread Forms 1783 American Standard Metric Screw 1725 V-Thread, Sharp V-thread Threads M Profile 1725 US Standard Screw Thread 1783 Comparison with Inch Threads 1725 Unified Screw Thread Forms 1783 Interchangeability 1726 International Metric Thread 1783 Definitions 1727 Definitions of Screw Threads 1784 Basic M Profile 1784 M Crest and Root Form UNIFIED SCREW THREADS 1785 General Symbols 1732 American Standard for Unified 1785 M Profile Screw Thread Series Screw Threads 1785 Mechanical Fastener Coarse Pitch 1732 Revised Standard 1786 M Profile Data 1732 Advantages of Unified Threads 1787 Limits and Fits 1732 Thread Form 1793 Dimensional Effect of Coating 1733 Internal and External Screw 1793 Formulas for M Profile Thread Design Profile 1797 Tolerance Grade Comparisons 1733 Thread Series 1797 M Profile Limiting Dimension 1734 Inch Screw Thread 1798 Internal Metric Thread 1735 Diameter-Pitch Combination 1800 External Metric Thread 1736 Standard Series Combinations 1804 American Standard Metric Screw 1763 Coarse-Thread Series Threads MJ Profile 1764 Fine-Thread Series 1804 Diameter-Pitch Combinations 1764 Extra-Fine-Thread Series 1807 Trapezoidal Metric Thread 1765 Constant Pitch Series 1807 Comparison of ISO and DIN 1766 4-Thread Series Standards 1767 6-Thread Series 1813 Trapezoidal Metric Thread 1768 8-Thread Series 1814 ISO Miniature Screw Threads 1769 12-Thread Series 1814 British Standard ISO Metric Screw 1770 16-Thread Series Threads 1771 20-Thread Series 1814 Basic Profile Dimensions 1772 28-Thread Series 1815 Tolerance System 1773 Thread Classes 1815 Fundamental Deviations 1773 Coated 60-deg. -
Thread Systems
PRECISION GAGE SOLUTIONS 390 Oser Avenue, Hauppauge, New York, U.S.A. 11788 Tel: (800) 767-7633 (631) 231-1515 Fax: (800) 767-2034 (631) 231-1625 Email: [email protected] Web: www.threadcheck.com Thread Systems A thread system is a set of various thread designations which represent different thread sizes to define the thread geometry for example: Thread Series Designations Metric M Unified UNC, UNF, UNS, UN, UNR National Taper Pipe NPT Aeronautical Taper Pipe ANPT British Standard Whitworth BSW ***Please see page 53 of our catalog or please visit our website at www.threadcheck.com under the technical documents and click onto the Basic Screw Thread Designations.*** There are only two major screw thread systems that are used today: 1. The ISO Metric Screw Thread System 2. The Unified Screw Thread System In countries other than the United States and Canada, the ISO Metric Screw Thread System is primarily used today. Unlike, most other countries the United States and Canada still use the Unified (Inch) Thread System. However, both are moving over to the ISO Metric System. It is estimated that approximately 60% of screw threads in use in the United States are still inch based. Other thread designations such as BSW, BSF, BA, etc. are also still in use today but are mostly produced in the capacity of a replacement part. Threads are manufactured by cold forming, cold rolling, hot forming, cold rolling or by the cut-thread process. The most common manufacturing method for standard fasteners up to 1” or 25mm is the cold forming or cold rolling process whereby both the head and the thread are produced with the material in the cold state. -
Manufacturing Processes
Module 7 Screw threads and Gear Manufacturing Methods Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur Lesson 31 Production of screw threads by Machining, Rolling and Grinding Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur Instructional objectives At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to; (i) Identify the general applications of various objects having screw threads (ii) Classify the different types of screw threads (iii) State the possible methods of producing screw threads and their characteristics. (iv) Visualise and describe various methods of producing screw threads by; (a) Machining (b) Rolling (c) Grinding (i) General Applications Of Screw Threads The general applications of various objects having screw threads are : • fastening : screws, nut-bolts and studs having screw threads are used for temporarily fixing one part on to another part • joining : e.g., co-axial joining of rods, tubes etc. by external and internal screw threads at their ends or separate adapters • clamping : strongly holding an object by a threaded rod, e.g., in c-clamps, vices, tailstock on lathe bed etc. • controlled linear movement : e.g., travel of slides (tailstock barrel, compound slide, cross slide etc.) and work tables in milling machine, shaping machine, cnc machine tools and so on. • transmission of motion and power : e.g., lead screws of machine tools • converting rotary motion to translation : rotation of the screw causing linear travel of the nut, which have wide use in machine tool kinematic systems • position control in instruments : e.g., screws enabling precision movement of the work table in microscopes etc. • precision measurement of length : e.g., the threaded spindle of micrometers and so on. -
The DBJ-1: a VHF-UHF Dual-Band J-Pole
By Edison Fong, WB6IQN The DBJ-1: A VHF-UHF Dual-Band J-Pole Searching for an inexpensive, high-performance dual-band base antenna for VHF and UHF? Build a simple antenna that uses a single feed line for less than $10. wo-meter antennas are small com- dipole because it is end fed; this results antenna on my roof since 1992 and it has pared to those for the lower fre- in virtually no disruption to the radiation been problem-free in the San Francisco Tquency bands, and the availability pattern by the feed line. fog. of repeaters on this band greatly extends The basic configuration of the ribbon the range of lightweight low power The Conventional J-Pole J-Pole is shown in Figure 1. The dimen- handhelds and mobile stations. One of the I was introduced to the twinlead ver- sions are shown for 2 meters. This design most popular VHF and UHF base station sion of the J-Pole in 1990 by my long-time was also discussed by KD6GLF in QST.1 antennas is the J-Pole. friend, Dennis Monticelli, AE6C, and I That antenna presented dual-band reso- The J-Pole has no ground radials and was intrigued by its simplicity and high nance, operating well at 2 meters but with it is easy to construct using inexpensive performance. One can scale this design to a 6-7 dB deficit in the horizontal plane at materials. For its simplicity and small size, one-third size and also use it on UHF. UHF when compared to a dipole. -
Design and Fabrication of a Micro-Strip Antenna for Wi-Max Applications
MEE08:29 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A MICRO-STRIP ANTENNA FOR WI-MAX APPLICATIONS Tulha Moaiz Yazdani Munawar Islam This thesis is presented as part of Degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology October 2008 Blekinge Institute of Technology School of Engineering Department: Signal Processing Supervisor: Dr. Mats Pettersson Examiner: Dr. Mats Pettersson - ii - UAbstract Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi-Max) is a broadband technology enabling the delivery of last mile (final leg of delivering connectivity from a communication provider to customer) wireless broadband access (alternative to cable and DSL). It should be easy to deploy and cheaper to user compared to other technologies. Wi-Max could potentially erase the suburban and rural blackout areas with no broadband Internet access by using an antenna with high gain and reasonable bandwidth Microstrip patch antennas are very popular among Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) technologies due to their advantages such as light weight, low volume, low cost, compatibility with integrated circuits and easy to install on rigid surface. The aim is to design and fabricate a Microstrip antenna operating at 3.5GHz to achieve maximum bandwidth for Wi-Max applications. The transmission line model is used for analysis. S-parameters (S11 and S21) are measured for the fabricated Microstrip antenna using network analyzer in a lab environment. The fabricated single patch antenna brings out greater bandwidth than conventional high frequency patch antenna. The developed antenna also is found to have reasonable gain. - iii - - iv - UAcknowledgement It is a great pleasure to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our supervisor Dr. -
Thread Cutting; Working of Screws, Bolt Heads, Or Nuts
B23G THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH (making helical grooves by turning B23B5/48, by milling B23C3/32, by forging, pressing, or hammering B21K1/56, by grinding B24B19/02; arrangements for copying or controlling B23Q; thread forming by corrugating tubes B21D15/04, by rolling B21H3/02) Definition statement This subclass/group covers: Thread cutting by chip removal. Production of threads with no removal of chips by means of tools similar in form and manner of use to thread cutting tools. Working of screws, bolt heads and nuts in conjunction with thread cutting. References relevant to classification in this subclass This subclass/group does not cover: Thread forming by corrugating tubes B21D 15/04 Making threaded elements by B21K 1/26 forging/hammering Making nuts by forging or hammering B21K 1/64 Making screwthreads by rolling B21H 3/00 Turning helical grooves B23B 5/48 Turning tools for threading B23B 27/065 Milling helical grooves B23C 3/32 Making gears (inc wormwheels) B23F Making milling cutters for threading B23P 15/36 Making threading tools B23P 15/48 Multi stage processes involving B23P 23/00 threading and also other operations classed in B23B, B23C, B23D, B23F, making particular items 1 Details of machine tools and B23Q accessories not related to the operation being performed including: - evacuation of swarf, B23Q 11/0042 - guarding & protective coverings B23Q 11/08 - conveying workpiece into and from B23Q 7/00 machine - tool changing B23Q 3/155 - measuring or sensing B23Q 17/00 Adaptive control and/or computer B23Q 15/00, G05B 15/02 controls for turning, boring or drilling processes Grinding helicoidal grooves B24B 19/022 Fasteners per se F16B Special rules of classification within this subclass Classification in this subclass is according to a literal interpretation of the group and subgroup headings. -
JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) Screw Thread Specifications
JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) Screw Thread Specifications Note: Although these specifications are based TECHNICAL DATA on JIS they also apply to ISO and DIN threads. Some comments added by Maryland Metrics Courtesy of: copyright 2002 maryland metrics/osg corporation Screw Thread - 1 <Exterior features of thread ridge> (1) Flank : Thread face (excluding crest Figure 1 Basic designation of thread (1) and root of thread profile) Pitch P (2) Crest : The tap surface joining the (Internal (External Internal thread thread) thread) Root two sides or flanks of a Crest Crest clearance thread Angle of thread 1 (3) Root : The bottom surface joining e of Half angl angle alf ad thre of the flanks of two adjacent H thre ad flanks Root radius Height of fundamental external thread Thread overlap H (4) Angle of thread : Angle between adjacent External thread triangle H Major diameter of 1 1 Root clearance 1 D flanks measured at the · cross section of screw (Internal thread)Crest External root thread - including the axis of internal thread D Internal thread D external thread d Minor diameter of Minor diameter of d Major diameter of the screw thread Pitch diameter d2 (5) Flank angle : The angle between the Figure 2 Basic designation of thread (2) individual flank and the perpendicular to the axis of Internal thread Crest the thread measured in the Thread ridge axial plane Angle of thread (6) Pitch : The distance from a point on one thread to a corresponding point on the next thread measured Pitch diameter Pitch diameter parallel to the axis thread External -
Electronic Science Electrodynamics and Microwaves 17. Stub Matching
1 Module 17 Stub Matching Technique in Transmission Lines 1. Introduction 2. Concept of matching stub 3. Mathematical Basis for Single shunt stub matching 4 .Designing of single stub using Smith chart 5. Series single stub 6. Concept of Double stub matching 7. Mathematical Basis for Double Stub Matching 8. Design of Double stub using Smith Chart: 9. Summary Objectives After completing this module, you will be able to 1. Understand the concept of matching stub and different types of it. 2. Understand the mathematical principle behind the stub matching technique. 3. Design single stub and double stub using Smith chart. 4. Know about advantages and limitations of stub matching technique. Electrodynamics and Microwaves Electronic Science 17. Stub Matching Technique in Transmission Lines 2 1. Introduction In the earlier modules , we have discussed about how matching networks and QWT can be used for matching the load impedance with the lossless transmission line. Both these techniques suffer from some drawbacks .Especially the losses like, insertion loss, mismatch loss are of much more prominent losses. There is another technique known as “Stub Matching Technique” to match the load impedance with the Characteristic impedance of the given transmission line so as to have zero reflection coefficient. The technique is marvelous and the designing can be done using Smith chart in a very simple way. Let us discuss it with adequate details rather qualitatively avoiding mathematical rigor in it. 2. Concept of Matching Stub A section of a transmission line having small length is called as a stub. Two types’ namely single stub and double stub comprising of one or two stubs are in common use. -
ANTENNA THEORY Analysis and Design CONSTANTINE A
ANTENNA THEORY Analysis and Design CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS Arizona State University JOHN WILEY & SONS New York • Chichester • Brisbane • Toronto • Singapore Contents Preface xv Chapter 1 Antennas 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Types of Antennas 1 Wire Antennas; Aperture Antennas; Array Antennas; Reflector Antennas; Lens Antennas 1.3 Radiation Mechanism 7 1.4 Current Distribution on a Thin Wire Antenna 11 1.5 Historical Advancement 15 References 15 Chapter 2 Fundamental Parameters of Antennas 17 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Radiation Pattern 17 Isotropic, Directional, and Omnidirectional Patterns; Principal Patterns; Radiation Pattern Lobes; Field Regions; Radian and Steradian vii viii CONTENTS 2.3 Radiation Power Density 25 2.4 Radiation Intensity 27 2.5 Directivity 29 2.6 Numerical Techniques 37 2.7 Gain 42 2.8 Antenna Efficiency 44 2.9 Half-Power Beamwidth 46 2.10 Beam Efficiency 46 2.11 Bandwidth 47 2.12 Polarization 48 Linear, Circular, and Elliptical Polarizations; Polarization Loss Factor 2.13 Input Impedance 53 2.14 Antenna Radiation Efficiency 57 2.15 Antenna as an Aperture: Effective Aperture 59 2.16 Directivity and Maximum Effective Aperture 61 2.17 Friis Transmission Equation and Radar Range Equation 63 Friis Transmission Equation; Radar Range Equation 2.18 Antenna Temperature 67 References 70 Problems 71 Computer Program—Polar Plot 75 Computer Program—Linear Plot 78 Computer Program—Directivity 80 Chapter 3 Radiation Integrals and Auxiliary Potential Functions 82 3.1 Introduction 82 3.2 The Vector Potential A for an Electric Current Source