The Ukrainian Weekly, 2016
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Ukraine at the Crossroad in Post-Communist Europe: Policymaking and the Role of Foreign Actors Ryan Barrett [email protected]
University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 1-20-2018 Ukraine at the Crossroad in Post-Communist Europe: Policymaking and the Role of Foreign Actors Ryan Barrett [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Comparative Politics Commons, and the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Barrett, Ryan, "Ukraine at the Crossroad in Post-Communist Europe: Policymaking and the Role of Foreign Actors" (2018). Dissertations. 725. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/725 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ukraine at the Crossroad in Post-Communist Europe: Policymaking and the Role of Foreign Actors Ryan Barrett M.A. Political Science, The University of Missouri - Saint Louis, 2015 M.A. International Relations, Webster University, 2010 B.A. International Studies, 2006 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School at the The University of Missouri - Saint Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor Philosophy in Political Science May 2018 Advisory Committee: Joyce Mushaben, Ph.D. Jeanne Wilson, PhD. Kenny Thomas, Ph.D. David Kimball, Ph.D. Contents Introduction 1 Chapter I. Policy Formulation 30 Chapter II. Reform Initiatives 84 Chapter III. Economic Policy 122 Chapter IV. Energy Policy 169 Chapter V. Security and Defense Policy 199 Conclusion 237 Appendix 246 Bibliography 248 To the Pat Tillman Foundation for graciously sponsoring this important research Introduction: Ukraine at a Crossroads Ukraine, like many European countries, has experienced a complex history and occupies a unique geographic position that places it in a peculiar situation be- tween its liberal future and communist past; it also finds itself tugged in two opposing directions by the gravitational forces of Russia and the West. -
This Is War. You're Part of It.__Slawsky.Pdf
“THIS IS WAR. YOU’RE PART OF IT.” The conflict between mainstream and alternative media before, during, and after Ukraine’s Euromaidan _______________________ Renee Bernadette Slawsky Master’s Candidate for Eurasian, Russian, and East European Studies Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service Georgetown University May 6, 2016 Table of Contents I. Introduction………………………………………………………………2 II. Theory: The mediatization of war………………………………………..3 a. Three phases of mediatization………………………………………...5 b. Third axis: Greater uncertainty in decision-making………..………...8 c. Summary……………………………………………………………...9 III. The media in Ukraine: Before Euromaidan…………………………….10 a. Initial changes in the 1990s………………………………………….10 b. The Orange Revolution……………………………………………...13 c. Mainstream media before Euromaidan……………………………...16 d. Summary.………………………………………………….……..… 22 IV. The media in Ukraine: Euromaidan and the rise of alternative media.…23 a. Role of social media…………………………………………………23 b. Mainstream media during Euromaidan……………………………...25 c. Rise of alternative media…………………………………………….27 V. The media in Ukraine: After Euromaidan, war with Russia……………30 a. Mainstream media on the war in eastern Ukraine……….…………..31 b. More alternative media focused on war in eastern Ukraine….……...34 c. Outside influences and computer-assisted reporting……………..…36 VI. The Ukrainian government and its information………………………...39 VII. Analysis and discussion………………………………………………...43 VIII. For further research……...………………………………………….…..46 IX. Conclusion…………………………………………………………...…48 I. Introduction Slawsky 1 “This is war. You’re part of it.” - Appeal of Ukrainian civil society organization to a group of international journalists Albeit unintentionally, this appeal in February 2014 by a Ukrainian civil society organization to a gathered group of journalists from around the world sums up the interaction between Ukraine’s recent crises and the media. News media no longer stands separate from conflict. -
A Turbulent Year for Ukraine Urbulent Was the Way to Describe 2009 for Ukraine, Which Plunged Into Financial Crisis
No. 3 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 17, 2010 5 2009: THE YEAR IN REVIEW A turbulent year for Ukraine urbulent was the way to describe 2009 for Ukraine, which plunged into financial crisis. No other European country suffered as much as TUkraine, whose currency was devalued by more than 60 percent since its peak of 4.95 hrv per $1 in August 2008. In addition, the country’s industrial production fell by 31 percent in 2009. Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko con- fronted the challenge of minimizing the crisis fallout, while at the same time campaigning for the 2010 presi- dential elections. Her critics attacked her for pursuing populist policies, such as increasing wages and hiring more government staff, when the state treasury was broke as early as the spring. Ms. Tymoshenko herself admitted that her gov- ernment would not have been able to make all its pay- ments without the help of three tranches of loans, worth approximately $10.6 billion, provided by the International Monetary Fund. Her critics believe that instead of borrowing money, Ms. Tymoshenko should have been introducing radical reforms to the Ukrainian economy, reducing government waste, eliminating out- dated Soviet-era benefits and trimming the bureaucracy. The year began with what is becoming an annual tra- Offi cial Website of Ukraine’s President dition in Ukraine – a natural gas conflict provoked by the government of Russian Federation Prime Minister President Viktor Yushchenko and Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko at the heated February 10 meeting of Vladimir Putin. Whereas the New Year’s Day crisis of the National Security and Defense Council. -
The Ukrainian Weekly, 2016
INSIDE: Aircraft manufacturer Antonov severs ties with Russia – page 3 President Petro Poroshenko addresses U.N. General Assembly – page 6 Tryzubivka’s celebration of Ukrainian Independence Day – page 10 THEPublished U by theKRAINIAN Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal W non-profit associationEEKLY Vol. LXXXIV No. 39 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 2016 $2.00 Ukraine in Rio: Message of YES conference: Ukraine a Paralympic power cannot rely solely on Western support by Ihor N. Stelmach and Matthew Dubas Kyiv must act on improving In the international sports competi- how the country is run tion arena these days, the United States, Russia, China and Great Britain are by Mark Raczkiewycz almost always atop the leader board. KYIV – Last year, foreign technocrats and Every four years the above four coun- Western-educated Ukrainians represented tries rule the medals tables at the the government at the annual Yalta Olympics and Paralympics. European Strategy, the pre-eminent event The last dozen years have seen one that gathers high-profile officials and busi- underdog nation turn into a world ness leaders to discuss the country’s place superpower once the Paralympics in a constantly changing world. begin. Sixth in Athens (2004), fourth at This year, they were replaced by political both Beijing (2008) and London stalwarts like Prosecutor General Yurii (2012), Ukraine went one better in Lutsenko, former Prime Minister Arseniy 2016, finishing a remarkable third in Yatsenyuk, and technocrats who’ve left gov- the medal table at Rio – a position ernment like Natalie Jaresko, who was serving as finance minister in 2015, but Ukraine held for most of the competi- YES © 2016/Sergei Illin, Aleksandr Indychii, Aleksandr Pilyugin and Valentіna Tsymbaliuk tion. -
Can Maidan Happen in Belarus? the Ukrainian
Issue 2 (44), 2014 CAN MAIDAN HAPPEN IN BELARUS? Recent events in Ukraine have been a cause of Ukraine. By providing his assessment of Maidan concern to both politicians and the public. During he reviews Lukashenka’s statements on the issues the Maidan revolution and with the start of Rus- in Ukraine. Finally, Melyantsou acknowledges sian aggression, many analysts questioned whether that events in Ukraine could have been a signal something similar could happen in Belarus. This for the Belarusian government to strengthen its Dzianis Melyantsou is Senior issue of Bell attempts to answer this question. own influence in the country to avoid a similar Analyst at the Belarusian Institute scenario here. for Strategic Studies, Minsk. A Lukashenka’s response showed that he will make graduate of History Department every effort to ensure that neither of these things In the second article Andrei Yeliseyeu reviews the at the Mahilou State University, happen here under his rule. However, internal response of the Belarusian public to the Maidan he then studied Political Science economic problems and the fact that Belarus is de- revolution. Comparing various indicators he re- and International Relations at pendent on Russia for solutions to these problems veals that Ukrainians took to the streets for a va- the Institute for International hinder his actions. Even though it is too early to riety of objective reasons. The absence of such rea- Relations and Political Sciences expect Maidan in Belarus, the increasing Russian sons is the main obstacle why such events would in Vilnius (Lithuania), where he influence, which may manifest at any time in more not happen in Minsk. -
Ukrainians of Washington, DC, Commemorate the First Anniversary of the Holodomor Memorial
Official Publication of the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia VOL. 77 - No. 22 NOVEMBER 20, 2016 ENGLISH VERSION Ukrainians of Washington, DC, commemorate the first anniversary of the Holodomor Memorial Photo: Michael Sawkiw speaks at the Holodomor Memorial in Washington, DC on November 6, 2016. Among those at the event included Bishop John Bura, Fr. Robert Hitchens, Fr. Wasyl Kharuk, and Fr. Raphael Strontsitskyy, MSU. 07 November, 2016 Holodomor Genocide Gerasymov and Igor Petro Poroshenko Awareness 1932-1933 Popov, architect and his wife Marina, The event started with Michael Sawkiw, Head Larysa Kurylas, other congratulated audience a common prayer for of the Central Election distinguished guests, on the anniversary Ukraine by priests of Commission Mykhailo laid symbolic bundles of of the Memorial and Ukrainian churches. Then Okhendovsky, deputy wheat to the Memorial. conveyed President's Ambassador of Ukraine head of the Central words of gratitude to to the US Valeriy Chaly, Election Commission Ambassador Valeriy the Ukrainian diaspora Chairman of the U.S. Andriy Magera, MPs Chaly, on behalf of the Committee for Ukrainian of Ukraine Arthur President of Ukraine (continued on next page) Highlights inside this issue: Pope Francis meets with the Head of the UGCC His Beatitude Sviatoslav - pg. 17 Ukrainians of Washington, DC, commemorate the first anniversary of the Holodomor Memorial (continued from previous page) of the USA and all Committee for Ukrainian those who made efforts Holodomor Genocide into its construction: " Awareness 1932-33 A year ago, due to the Michael Sawkiw and joint efforts of American Ambassador William partners, the Ukrainian Miller also delivered their community in America welcome remarks. -
Media Ownership Structure in Ukraine: Political Aspect Diana Dutsyk
Media Ownership Structure in Ukraine: Political Aspect Diana Dutsyk, lecturer at the Kyiv Mohyla school of jounalism, chief‐editor of news website Glavred and news magazine Glavred The formation of the media ownership structure in independent Ukraine is diffucult and longlasting process which has not finished yet. This process can be split into several stages that to some extent overlap with presidencies of Leonid Kravchuk, Leonid Kuchma, and Viktor Yushchenko. First, national social and political media will be mentioned. Since that media are the main actors in the mass media sphere during the periods of political activity through their influence on public opinion.The analisys of the media ownership structire in Ukraine is based on the information from open sources. So, the first stage – early 90s of 20th century, the period of Leonid Kravchuk presidency In Soviet times, all Ukrainian (as well as generally Soviet) media were under the control of the state and the Communist Party: the actual founders of print media were different structures of the Communist Party and the Komsomol. And media’s funding went through these structures. Radio and television were fully owned by the state and financed from the state budget (Kulyk, 180). Apart from that, quantity of print media and broadcasters was limited. Therefore, in Soviet Ukraine there were only two TV channels and three radio stations. Quantity of central national newspapers also was insignificant. Some media democratization took place during the Mikhail Gorbachev’s Perestoika. In 1990 there was adopted the law "On press and other media” which proclaimed freedom of speech, prohibited censorship and allowed founding of media not only by the party structures, but also by other organisations, public and private enterprises, and even by separate individuals (Kulyk, 185). -
Ukrainian-Jewish
INSIDE: • Analyses of Ukraine’s presidential election – pages 2, 3 and 4. • Canadian Bandurist Capella has ambitious season – page 13. • Community chronicle: Illinois, Minnesota, Pennsylvania – page 17. THEPublished U by theKRA Ukrainian NationalIN AssociationIAN Inc., a fraternal Wnon-profit associationEEKLY Vol. LXXVIII No.5 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 31, 2010 $1/$2 in Ukraine Yushchenko honors Bandera As runoff nears, election battles erupt with Hero of Ukraine title between Tymoshenko,Yanukovych forces “What was hoped for for decades has finally happened,” Mr. Bandera said after accept- ing the award. “The Ukrainian state has recognized the heroic deeds of Stepan Bandera and the hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian patriots who died for this country. This order is a brave act towards historical justice which affirms the truth and a new era of a Ukraine that we dream of.” As the end of his presiden- tial term approached, ethni- cally conscious Ukrainians pleaded with the president to bestow the honor upon Bandera, recognizing the Offi cial Website of Ukraine’s President nation won’t likely have a president in the next five to 10 President Viktor Yushchenko presents the Hero of Dmytro Korabliov/UNIAN Ukraine order to Stepan Bandera, grandson of the years with the political will to Police on January 25 confront national deputies from the Party of Regions who nationalist leader Stepan Bandera. take the controversial step. Deputies of the Ternopil were guarding the Ukrayina Polygraphic Plant, where election ballots are printed. City Council, as well as the Lviv and Ivano- by Zenon Zawada by Zenon Zawada key appellate court to search its comput- Frankivsk oblast councils, made such Kyiv Press Bureau ers the next day. -
The Ukrainian Weekly 2009, No.34
www.ukrweekly.com INSIDE: • For the record: Yushchenko’s response to Medvedev – page 3. • Commentary: Europe’s share in Ukraine’s malaise – page 5. • Ukrainian Medical Association meets in Vancouver – page 11. THEPublished U byKRAINIAN the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profitW associationEEKLY Vol. LXXVII No.34 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 23, 2009 $1/$2 in Ukraine On the 18th anniversary of independence Ukrainian Independence Day Ukraine on the geopolitical sidelines by Zenon Zawada Razumkov Center for Economic and Kyiv Press Bureau Political Research, a leading Kyiv think- tank financed by scores of international KYIV – Ukraine is stuck in a gray buf- funds and institutions. fer zone between two systems of collec- The Vinnytsia native served on the tive security, in the view of Valeriy Chaly, National Security and Defense Council the deputy director of Kyiv’s Razumkov between 1997 and 1999, and attends the Center, and the nation’s permanent inter- annual Yalta European Strategy confer- nal conflict has forced it to the geopoliti- ence, where Ukraine’s elite gathers to dis- cal sidelines with the threat that only cuss the nation’s future. global powers will decide its fate. Ukraine’s NATO entry isn’t relevant at Though the nation elected a firmly pro- the moment, Mr. Chaly said, as the NATO president in Viktor Yushchenko, Verkhovna Rada lacks a critical majority Ukraine lost its chance at deeper Euro- that would cardinally change Ukraine’s Atlantic integration “because of the non- foreign policy priorities and orientations. consolidation of political elites and the “NATO is not ready, Ukraine is not inadequate understanding of national ready. -
In Ukraine, Media Under Pressure
Kuzio: In Ukraine, Media Under Pressure May 26, 2010 By Taras Kuzio Ukraine is the only country in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) to be designated “free” by Freedom House since 2005, primarily because of two critical factors: generally free and fair elections and the presence of a liberal media environment. The gains in media pluralism in Ukraine do not reflect a long- standing phenomenon; these gains were made during former President Viktor Yuschenko’s administration, which led to a lively media environment in the country. This was in marked contrast to the media environment in the country during the last years of the administration of Yuschenko’s predecessor, Leonid Kuchma, when journalists and media organizations faced pressures to censor news reporting. Thus, it is of interest to observers of Ukrainian politics that, since Viktor Yanukovych’s election as President on February 7, 2010, several developments in the first 100 days of the new administration are increasing fears that media independence and media freedoms, especially for television journalists, are once again under threat in Ukraine. Pressure on the media has been primarily directed at television media. Reporters from two prominent television stations, 1+1 and STB, have penned open letters in which they stated they have been pressured to not cover specific stories, and they have been generally subjected to greater censorship since the new administration took office. They complained that certain topics, such as the 1933 famine in Ukraine, are no longer deemed appropriate for coverage, and criticism of the government and government figures is controlled. Reporters Without Borders (RWB), the European Federation of Journalists (EFJ), and the European Union have all voiced concern over these growing restrictions. -
The Ukrainian Weekly, 2021
Part 1 of THE YEAR IN REVIEW pages 7-15 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association Vol. LXXXIX No. 3 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 17, 2021 $2.00 New twist in Sheremet murder case as audio U.S. sanctions more Ukrainians suspected recording allegedly implicates Belarusian KGB of interfering in 2020 presidential election by Mark Raczkiewycz repeated public statements to advance dis- information narratives that U.S. govern- KYIV – The U.S. Treasury Department on ment officials have engaged in corrupt January 11 sanctioned several Ukrainian dealings in Ukraine.” individuals and entities linked to a Verkhovna In a separate statement, Secretary of Rada lawmaker that a Washington intelli- State Mike Pompeo said that Mr. Derkach gence agency says is a Russian agent who “has been an active Russian agent for more allegedly attempted to influence the 2020 than a decade, maintaining close connec- U.S. presidential election. tions with Russian intelligence services.” Joining lawmaker and suspected Russian A graduate of the Soviet Union’s KGB agent Andriy Derkach, who does not belong academy, Mr. Derkach was sanctioned in to a political party, on the department’s August for “spreading claims about corrup- “Specially Designated Nationals List” is tion – including through publicising leaked Oleksandr Dubinsky, who leads the party phone calls – to undermine former Vice- Servant of the People. President Biden’s candidacy and the Mr. Dubinsky previously worked for bil- Democratic Party,” Director of the National RFE/RL lionaire oligarch Ihor Kolomoisky’s 1+1 Counterintelligence and Security Center television channel, which provided favor- A sign asking “Who killed Pavlo?” in front of the new memorial to Pavlo Sheremet in (NCSC) William Evanina said in a news Kyiv. -
The Ukrainian Weekly, 2020
Part 3 of THE YEAR IN REVIEW pages 7-15 THEPublished U by theKRAINIAN Ukrainian National Association, Inc., celebrating W its 125th anniversaryEEKLY Vol. LXXXVIII No. 5 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2020 $2.00 Zelenskyy faces challenges of history Oleh Sentsov: The nail that will not bend and diplomacy in Israel and Poland memoration on such terms and told Israeli media that Mr. Putin was spreading lies to conceal the Soviet Union’s responsibility for the war along with that of Nazi Germany. In this highly tricky situation, Mr. Zelenskyy bided his time and did not con- firm whether he would be going to Jerusalem and Warsaw until the last min- ute. While still preoccupied with the after- math of a Ukrainian airliner’s downing in Tehran and the return of the bodies, President Zelenskyy nevertheless made his line known. The Times of Israel reported on January 19, after interviewing him in Kyiv, and on the day he announced he would be going to Israel: “He speaks at length about the Holodomor, the Soviet- imposed deliberate famine of 1932-1933, Olena Blyednova which killed millions, and with great Oleh Sentsov during his presentation on January 25 in New York. The discussion was respect for the victims of the Holocaust – moderated by Razom volunteer Maria Genkin. and the need to bring a belated, honest his- torical account of these events into the by Irene Jarosewich in Switzerland – that he does not consider open. He acknowledges but says less on the himself to be, foremost, a Russian political Presidential Office of Ukraine issue of Ukrainians’ participation in NEW YORK – Ukrainian film director prisoner.