SFBR Progress Spring 2006 Can Texas Plants Help Fight Cancer?
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SFBRSFBR Spring Issue 2006 A Publication of the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research INSIDE: New approaches to defeating TB, osteoporosis Pages 5, 11 A wake-up call about children’s health Page 8 Update on findings from anthrax to thirst Pages 14, 15 One-on-one with trustee Dr. Ronald Calgaard and SFBR innovator Dr. P.N. Rao Pages 17, 20 Message from the President Anthony J. Infante, M.D., Ph.D. Just one year into my presidency at SFBR, parts of our campus are still in need of updates I realize my good fortune in leading an and upgrades. institution already familiar with success. A unique set of extraordinary scientific resources Leveraging our strengths through strategic is in place to propel the visionary research of partnerships. While individual SFBR scientists CONTENTS expert faculty who already have contributed to actively collaborate with others from across the medical breakthroughs. The vaccine we have country and around the world, we can amplify Could Texas plants for hepatitis B and some of the therapies used our results by entering into institutional help fight cancer? to save the lives of premature infants are two partnerships in support of shared strategic Research by Dr. Susan Mooberry things that come to mind. research directions. We will look for shows that local plants pack a I see my charge as helping the organization opportunities to complement the scientific powerful punch. 3 build upon its strengths and accomplish even capabilities of SFBR with those of other greater things for human health in the future. institutions in ways that enhance our research Testing a vaccine It is for this purpose that SFBR is now engaged programs. for tuberculosis in a comprehensive strategic planning process SFBR teams up with Brazilian colleagues to tackle a major that is a cornerstone of my presidency. Faculty, Financial stability with expanded and world health problem. 5 staff and board members have been working diversified financial resources. While this goal hard to develop a shared vision for SFBR that speaks for itself to some extent, one important Obesity takes toll on will guide us in the next five years. I would like outcome will be to give SFBR the flexibility to children’s health to take this opportunity to share with you some develop new ideas, make capital investments, Study reveals that one fifth personal perspectives on our progress to date. and recruit and retain top scientists. These of overweight youths show warning signs of diabetes and First, we have clarified our focus by refining items are usually not fundable through NIH heart disease. 8 our mission statement: “SFBR is dedicated to grant or contract funding. advancing the health of our global community Guarding against through innovative biomedical research.” Breakthrough scientific results. This is our fragile bones Dedication to this mission is one thing that bottom line as a research institute. The other Dr. Lorena Havill hunts for new characterizes SFBR at all levels. We believe five goals are all aimed at creating the ways to save an aging population deeply in what we do. We recognize that we are breakthroughs that will make a difference in from the perils of osteoporosis. 11 part of an effort to improve the health and the health of our families and communities. We Stay hydrated to welfare not only of our own families and local will do this by laying the foundation for new minimize pain communities but of people around the globe. methods of diagnosis, treatment and Scientists learn that pain is worse SFBR is a place of innovation, where we are not prevention. when we thirst. 14 content to make marginal progress but strive to make a real impact on major health problems. As you go through this issue of Progress, you A step ahead In pursuit of that mission, we want to will read about a number of exciting projects in biodefense achieve the following in the next five years: designed to break new ground in the fight Antitoxin is shown to fight anthrax against major illnesses: on two fronts. 15 International recognition of SFBR scientists. Superior results can only be achieved by • Dr. Susan Mooberry’s use of Texas plants Trustee spotlight recruiting, developing and retaining superior in the search for new and improved ways Dr. Ronald Calgaard reflects on parallel visions for Trinity scientists. We aim to have tangible recognition to treat cancer University, SFBR. 17 of our faculty by the U.S. National Academy of • Dr. John VandeBerg’s new program to test Sciences and the Howard Hughes Medical a promising vaccine against tuberculosis The “I” in science Institute, as well as through other memberships • Dr. Tony Comuzzie’s project to find genes Dr. P.N. Rao looks back over 47 and awards. that influence susceptibility to obesity – years of history and progress. 20 and his team’s findings about how the An efficient, supportive, team-oriented obesity epidemic is taking its toll on Partners in progress culture. We will achieve more with scientists, children’s health The support of the Golden Circle, Southwest Foundation Forum, administrators and support staff working • Dr. Lorena Havill’s search for genes that Founder’s Council and other together. Biomedical research is increasingly influence our risk for osteoporosis, with donors helps advance SFBR’s done in teams, and SFBR needs to be at the the ultimate aim of finding new mission. 24 leading edge of this trend. preventions and treatments An up-to-date campus that supports our As you learn about these and other unique scientific resources. I call this the compelling investigations at SFBR, I think you Southwest Airlines approach, finding and will agree that Foundation scientists are well on exploiting unique niches. In addition, despite their way to generating the breakthrough our previous successful capital campaign, many results we envision in many areas. 2 SFBR Progress Spring 2006 Can Texas plants help fight cancer? ould a great new cancer drug be found in your own backyard, perhaps in the leaves of the Nandina, the bloom of a beautiful Texas wildflower, or even the roots of a troublesome weed? A novel research project led by Dr. c Susan Mooberry is exploring this question, and early test results indicate that it’s certainly possible. Dr. Susan Mooberry samples Texas plants Dr. Mooberry directs a cancer drug discovery program at inin searchsearch ofof cancer-fightingcancer-fighting compounds.compounds. SFBR, where she studies numerous types of plant and marine life in the search for new compounds to provide more effective, less toxic ways to fight cancer. fighting cancer, and that is what we’re trying to find out.” Over the past few years, she has found promising results So far, lab results show that her hunch is a good one. with compounds derived from such exotic sources as the “We have evaluated 300 extracts thus far, and 11 percent of tropical Bat Flower plant and a marine organism known as them were highly active against cancer cells,” said Dr. the chocolate sponge or mushroom sponge. Mooberry. “This is the highest ‘hit’ rate that we have ever Now she has set her sights on plants that thrive in Texas, seen in plant extracts, suggesting that the plants of Texas thinking that the same chemical properties that give Texas might be an excellent source for new antitumor agents.” plants their hardiness might also be useful in fighting cancer. “We’re looking at things that are tough, plants that Donor support, local collaborations are drought resistant, deer resistant, resistant to mildew and enable novel research other fungi,” Dr. Mooberry said. “These are some hints we’re taking from nature. For example, why don’t deer eat This novel research began two summers ago, after Dr. certain plants? Well, they probably taste bad. Why do Mooberry’s laboratory received a pilot study grant from the they taste bad? It must be something in their Southwest Foundation Forum, which works to raise funds chemistry. Maybe something about that for and public awareness of the research done at chemistry could be useful in Continued on page 4 SFBR Progress Spring 2006 3 Students Mildred Abodakpi and Lauren Clark help collect plant samples from the San Antonio Botanical Garden. Plants, continued from page 3 Mooberry and Jackson have then used a high-tech SFBR. Since that time, partial funding for the project’s device called a “super-critical fluid extractor” to pull three continuation have been awarded by the Amon G. Carter different types of extracts from each plant sample. Foundation, the W.B. and E.G. Stuart Trust, The William “With these different kinds of extracts, we try to Randolph Hearst Foundation and the Joe and Jesse Crump maximize the chemistry that we extract out of the plants,” Foundation. The Helen Freeborn Kerr Foundation and the Dr. Mooberry said. “We’re running various assays that can Shelby Rae Tengg Foundation also provided funding for predict potential anti-cancer activity. So even though we equipment that facilitates this and other cancer drug might be looking at some plants that other groups have discovery efforts in Dr. Mooberry’s laboratory. previously studied, our methods combining the use of fresh With this enabling support, Dr. Mooberry and fellow material and our specific biological assays provide the researcher Evelyn Jackson set about the task of collecting opportunity for some new findings.” approximately 100 plant samples during the summer of 2004, mostly from their own backyards, including Texas Research yields hope sage, American beauty berry, Turk’s cap, Salvia gregii, and Nandina. In the laboratory at SFBR, they are looking for Then in 2005, Dr. Mooberry began a new collaboration compounds in the plant extracts that show cytotoxicity — with the San Antonio Botanical Garden, a facility of the San toxicity to cancer cells — or which turn on a “cellular Antonio Parks and Recreation Department, giving her suicide program” by disturbing microtubules.