James W. Pennebaker January 2021
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Thinking Like a Linguist Jordan B
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18392-6 — Thinking like a Linguist Jordan B. Sandoval, Kristin E. Denham Frontmatter More Information Thinking like a Linguist This is an engaging introduction to the study of language for undergraduate or beginning graduate students, aimed especially at those who would like to continue further linguistic study. It introduces students to analytical thinking about language but goes beyond existing texts to show what it means to think like a scientist about language, through the exploration of data and interactive problem sets. A key feature of this text is its flexibility. With its focus on foundational areas of linguistics and scientific analysis, it can be used in a variety of course types, with instructors using it alongside other information or texts as appropriate for their own courses of study. The text can also serve as a supplementary text in other related fields (speech and hearing sciences, psychology, education, computer science, anthropology, and others) to help learners in these areas better understand how linguists think about and work with language data. No prerequisites are necessary. While each chapter often references content from the others, the three central chapters, on sound, structure, and meaning, may be used in any order. Jordan B. Sandoval is Assistant Professor of Linguistics at Western Washington University in Bellingham, WA. She received her BA in Linguistics from Western Washington University and her PhD from the University of Arizona in 2008. Her research interests include orthographic influence on lexical representations, language and iden- tity, and second language phonological acquisition pedagogy. Kristin E. Denham is Professor of Linguistics at Western Washington University. -
SFBR Progress Spring 2006 Can Texas Plants Help Fight Cancer?
SFBRSFBR Spring Issue 2006 A Publication of the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research INSIDE: New approaches to defeating TB, osteoporosis Pages 5, 11 A wake-up call about children’s health Page 8 Update on findings from anthrax to thirst Pages 14, 15 One-on-one with trustee Dr. Ronald Calgaard and SFBR innovator Dr. P.N. Rao Pages 17, 20 Message from the President Anthony J. Infante, M.D., Ph.D. Just one year into my presidency at SFBR, parts of our campus are still in need of updates I realize my good fortune in leading an and upgrades. institution already familiar with success. A unique set of extraordinary scientific resources Leveraging our strengths through strategic is in place to propel the visionary research of partnerships. While individual SFBR scientists CONTENTS expert faculty who already have contributed to actively collaborate with others from across the medical breakthroughs. The vaccine we have country and around the world, we can amplify Could Texas plants for hepatitis B and some of the therapies used our results by entering into institutional help fight cancer? to save the lives of premature infants are two partnerships in support of shared strategic Research by Dr. Susan Mooberry things that come to mind. research directions. We will look for shows that local plants pack a I see my charge as helping the organization opportunities to complement the scientific powerful punch. 3 build upon its strengths and accomplish even capabilities of SFBR with those of other greater things for human health in the future. institutions in ways that enhance our research Testing a vaccine It is for this purpose that SFBR is now engaged programs. -
Variation in Form and Function in Jewish English Intonation
Variation in Form and Function in Jewish English Intonation Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Rachel Steindel Burdin ∼6 6 Graduate Program in Linguistics The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Professor Brian D. Joseph, Advisor Professor Cynthia G. Clopper Professor Donald Winford c Rachel Steindel Burdin, 2016 Abstract Intonation has long been noted as a salient feature of American Jewish English speech (Weinreich, 1956); however, there has not been much systematic study of how, exactly Jewish English intonation is distinct, and to what extent Yiddish has played a role in this distinctness. This dissertation examines the impact of Yiddish on Jewish English intonation in the Jewish community of Dayton, Ohio, and how features of Yiddish intonation are used in Jewish English. 20 participants were interviewed for a production study. The participants were balanced for gender, age, religion (Jewish or not), and language background (whether or not they spoke Yiddish in addition to English). In addition, recordings were made of a local Yiddish club. The production study revealed differences in both the form and function in Jewish English, and that Yiddish was the likely source for that difference. The Yiddish-speaking participants were found to both have distinctive productions of rise-falls, including higher peaks, and a wider pitch range, in their Yiddish, as well as in their English produced during the Yiddish club meetings. The younger Jewish English participants also showed a wider pitch range in some situations during the interviews. -
Language Usage and Identity of Somali Males in America Ali Hassan St
St. Cloud State University theRepository at St. Cloud State Culminating Projects in English Department of English 12-2017 "Where Did You Leave the Somali Language?" Language Usage and Identity of Somali Males in America Ali Hassan St. Cloud State University Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/engl_etds Recommended Citation Hassan, Ali, ""Where Did You Leave the Somali Language?" Language Usage and Identity of Somali Males in America" (2017). Culminating Projects in English. 106. https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/engl_etds/106 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of English at theRepository at St. Cloud State. It has been accepted for inclusion in Culminating Projects in English by an authorized administrator of theRepository at St. Cloud State. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Where did you leave the Somali Language?” Language usage and identity of Somali Males in America by Ali Hassan A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of St. Cloud State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in English: Teaching English as a Second Language December, 2017 Thesis Committee: Michael Schwartz, Chairperson Choonkyong Kim Rami Amiri 2 Abstract Research in second language teaching and learning has many aspects to focus on, but this paper will focus on the sociolinguistic issues related to language usage and identity. Language usage is the lens that is used to understand the identity of Somali males in America. Language usage in social contexts gives us the opportunity to learn the multiple identities of Somali males in America. -
SFBR Progress Spring-Summer 2008 Evestra Inc
SFBRSFBR A Publication of the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research Spring-Summer Issue 2008 Inside NBAF could be a game changer for San Antonio. Page 7 • Do cures already exist for Ebola, other threats? Page 11 Study findings help explain why our sense of thirst declines with age. Page 13 • Spotlight on Dr. Thomas Folks. Page 18 Researchers learning how genes influence diabetes risk. Page 15 • Interview with Trustee J. Burleson Smith. Page 23 Message from the President John C. Kerr In its own version of Back to the local organizations, including SFBR, San Antonio Future, this issue of Progress takes readers on is a strong contender among the five U.S. cities a thrilling journey, as we see how the that remain in competition for the NBAF. In fact, Foundation’s rich history and the efforts of SFBR’s unique experience and expertise in various individuals over previous decades have maximum-containment research is something enabled the scientific success we’re enjoying that sets San Antonio apart from its competitors. today, and how they’ve positioned the SFBR is happy to be a major supporter of the Foundation and the city of San Antonio for even local effort to win the NBAF, which if successful CONTENTS greater achievement in the future. would represent the single most important new SFBR launches its Consider Dr. P.N. Rao , who came to the development in a 20-year effort to promote the first spin-off company Foundation in 1958, when he and his colleagues biosciences in San Antonio. Organic Chemistry Department had to work in a farm building converted to Another extraordinary resource at SFBR has transfers to Evestra Inc. -
Fumiko Hoeft MD Phd Professor, Department of Psychological Sciences Director, Brain Imaging Research Center (BIRC) University of Connecticut (Uconn) Phone
Fumiko Hoeft MD PhD Professor, Department of Psychological Sciences Director, Brain Imaging Research Center (BIRC) University of Connecticut (UConn) phone. 650.245.7016 | e-mail. [email protected] | twitter. @fumiko.hoeft urls. psych.uconn.edu/faculty/fumiko-hoeft | birc.uconn.edu | brainLENS.org SUMMARY Fumiko Hoeft MD PhD is Professor of Psychological Sciences, Director of Brain Imaging Research Center (BIRC) at UConn, and Director of Laboratory for Learning Engineering and Neural Systems (brainLENS.org) located at UConn /UCSF. She also has appointments as Professor of Mathematics, Neuroscience and Psychiatry at UConn, Senior Scientist & Senior Advisor of Strategic Planning at Haskins Laboratories, Co-Director of Haskins L2 (Language & Literacy) Global Innovation Hub, Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences and Dyslexia Center at UCSF, and Adjunct Faculty of Neuropsychiatry at Keio Univ School of Medicine (SoM). She has previously held faculty positions at Stanford and UCSF prior to her current appointment. Hoeft is a neurophysiologist, as well as a systems and developmental cognitive neuroscientist with theoretical interests in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying individual differences in brain maturational processes, acquisition of skills such as literacy and how they interact. She is also interested in identifying how biology (gene) and environment influence neurodevelopment. In her research, her lab employs a variety of neuroimaging techniques (e.g. fMRI, T1 aMRI, DWI, MRS, NIRS, EEG/MEG, TMS/tDCS), analytical approaches (e.g. machine learning, graph theory), designs (e.g. intergenerational neuroimaging, imaging genetics, human natural cross-fostering design), and perturbation techniques (e.g. neuromodulation using TMS/tDCS, perturbation of English literacy acquisition through foreign language/literacy learning, and atypical populations such as dyslexia). -
Essentials of Linguistics
Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing Essentials of linguistics Marco Kuhlmann Department of Computer and Information Science This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. What is linguistics? • Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and in particular the relationship between language form and language meaning. Different languages have different words for the animal ‘cat’. • Tis relationship is in principle an arbitrary one – the same word can mean different things to different people. semiotic arbitrariness (Ferdinand de Saussure, 1857–1913) • Besides form and meaning, another important subject of study for linguistics is how language is used in context. Languages of the world Oceania 7M Africa Oceania 887M 1 313 Europe Africa 1720M 2 144 Europe 287 Americas 51M Americas 1 061 Asia Ethnologue Asia 3980M 2 294 Languages by region of origin Population by region of origin from taken Data Levels of linguistic description pragmatics semantics analyse syntax generate morphology phonology Levels of linguistic description pragmatics semantics analyse syntax generate morphology phonology Phonology • Phonology studies the sound systems of human languages, that is, how sounds are organised and used. • For example, Japanese speakers who learn English as a second language have difficulty in hearing and producing the sounds /r/ and /l/ correctly because in Japanese, these are one sound. right/light, arrive/alive • Phonology is different from phonetics, which is concerned with the production, transmission and perception of sounds. Levels of linguistic description pragmatics semantics analyse syntax generate morphology phonology Words consist of morphemes • Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of language. Morpheme+s are the small+est mean+ing+ful unit+s of language. -
Gigi Boothe Investment Consultant
MARTIN CAPITAL ADVISORS LLP A Registered Investment Advisor Performance, Transparency, Trust 1100 NE Loop 410, #300 San Antonio, TX 78209 www.martincapital.com Table of Contents Introduction . 3 Our Portfolios . 4 MCA Flexible Growth Portfolio . 6 Growth of $100,000 . 7 Management Logistics . 8 Investment Approach . 9 Investment Philosophy . 10 Our Services . 11 Our People . 12 Important Disclosure Notice . 17 Additional Disclosure Notice . 18 Global Investment Performance (GIPS) Verification . 19 Martin Capital Advisors, LLP 1100 NE Loop 410, #300, San Antonio, TX 78209 (210) 694-2100 PAST PERFORMANCE DOES NOT GUARANTEE FUTURE RESULTS – SEE IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES ON LAST PAGES -2- Introduction to Martin Capital Advisors, LLP . A registered investment advisor specializing in managing investment portfolios for long-term capital appreciation . Fiduciary duty to act in our clients’ best interests . A successful investment manager for over twenty-five years with verified long- term out-performance relative to benchmarks . Ranked among the top equity and balanced managers by performance databases, such as Morningstar, Informa Investment Solutions, and Broadridge Best Money Managers . Several types of investment portfolios are offered based on a prospective investor’s risk preferences and investment goals . Client investment portfolios are managed through separately managed accounts . Clients receive monthly statements from their brokers, such as TD Ameritrade, and Martin Capital provides quarterly performance reports Martin Capital Advisors, LLP 1100 NE Loop 410, #300, San Antonio, TX 78209 (210) 694-2100 PAST PERFORMANCE DOES NOT GUARANTEE FUTURE RESULTS – SEE IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES ON LAST PAGES -3- Our Portfolios . MCA Flexible Growth Portfolios – are invested in publically traded companies with the goal of maximizing long-term returns. -
NINE Toward Progress in Theories of Language Sound Structure MARK LIBERMAN
NINE Toward Progress in Theories of Language Sound Structure MARK LIBERMAN 9.1. Introduction The theme of this chapter is a crucial redundancy in the traditional organization of phonological theories. Serious consideration of this redundancy supports radical simplification of the theory. In technical terms, allophonic variation can be treated in two different ways: first, as a mapping from symbols to symbols, via phonological rules or constraints; or second, as a mapping from symbols to signals, via principles of phonetic realization. Careful examination of specific cases of allophonic variation generally supports (and never seems to refute) a mode of description of the second type, in which structured phonological representations are mapped onto classes of phonetic trajectories. We should therefore consider the null hypothesis: a theory that entirely eliminates the symbolic treatment of allophonic variation and makes postlexical representations subject to direct phonetic interpretation, without any intervening symbol manipulation, whether by rules or by constraints. This leaves us with four well-motivated (indeed unavoidable) tools for dealing with sound-structure patterns: 1. Phonological inventory: the set of available phonological elements and structures. 2. Lexical entries: the phonological spelling of whatever entities are listed in the lexicon: roots, affixes, morphological templates, words, phrases. 3. Allomorphy: alternative lexical pronunciations, whether conditioned by morphological features and morphological or phonological context, or in (linguistically) free variation. 4. Phonetic interpretation: the mapping between symbols (from 1 to 3) and signals. And we assume, following Liberman and Pierrehumbert (1984) and many others, that patterns of phonetic interpretation are variably conditioned by structured phonological representations, as well as by rhetorical, attitudinal, and physiological variables, in ways that can be specific to particular language varieties and even particular individual speakers. -
テキサス州知事として、サンアントニ to Welcome Everyone Attending オにて開催される2019年日本 - テキ the 2019 Japan-Texas Leadership サス・リーダーシップシンポジウムに Symposium in San Antonio
As Governor of Texas, I am pleased テキサス州知事として、サンアントニ to welcome everyone attending オにて開催される2019年日本 - テキ the 2019 Japan-Texas Leadership サス・リーダーシップシンポジウムに Symposium in San Antonio. ご参加いただくすべての方に歓迎の 意を表します。 The decades of relations between 日本とテキサス州(愛称:1つ星の Japan and the Lone Star State have 州)との関係は何十年にも渡り、両者 forged an impressive bond. Texas は強い絆で結ばれています。テキサス has always been home to people of には古くから様々な言語や慣習を持 different languages and customs, つ人々が暮らしており、皆が一丸とな all uniting together to create an ってテキサス州がさらに発展し、より even better and brighter future for our state. 明るい未来を迎えることができるよう努力を重ねて This includes the many people of Japanese います。この中には日系の方も数多くいらっしゃいま descent that have long called our state home す。長きにわたり日系の皆様はテキサス州に溶け込 and have played an important role in making み、故郷とし、全米でも最高の州とするため重要な Texas the best state in the nation by enriching 役割を果たしていただいています。テキサスの活気 our society and adding to our vibrant melting あふれる文化と伝統が融合した「るつぼ」に、新たな pot of cultures and traditions. 要素を持ち込むことで、社会をより豊かにするため 貢献いただいています。 This long and historic relationship between Texas and Japan has brought advantage to both テキサスと日本の関係は、このように長い歴史が sides, in the forms of mutually beneficial trade あり、双方がメリットを享受しています。貿易により and valuable cultural and community exchange. お互いが恩恵を受け、地域間の文化交流により貴重 In the decades to come, this relationship will なものを得られています。今後数十年間、この関係 continue to grow and be one of the world’s most がますます発展し、世界中でも最も強固な関係が築 significant as Texas and Japan work toward かれていくと確信しております。なぜなら、テキサス と日本は繁栄・強化・平和という共通の目標を達成 common goals of prosperity, strength, and するため、共に汗を流しているからです。 peace. 今回のシンポジウムは、皆様全員にとって新たな I know this symposium will be a wonderful 友人を作り意見を交換するための有意義な場とな opportunity for you all to make new contacts るでしょう。私はテキサスと日本を結ぶ架け橋を築く and exchange ideas. I commend you all on your ための皆様全員のご尽力に対し、心からの敬意を表 efforts to continue building bridges between します。 Texas and Japan. -
G-Dropping” in American English Using Forced Alignment Jiahong Yuan 1, Mark Liberman 2 University of Pennsylvania 1 [email protected] 2 [email protected]
Automatic Detection of “g-dropping” in American English Using Forced Alignment Jiahong Yuan 1, Mark Liberman 2 University of Pennsylvania 1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] Abstract—This study investigated the use of forced alignment Previous studies on “g-dropping” have relied on for automatic detection of “g-dropping” in American English impressionistic coding of the variable. Although it is a (e.g., walkin'). Two acoustic models were trained, one for -in' and relatively easy task for native speakers to manually classify the other for -ing. The models were added to the Penn Phonetics “g-dropping” [11], it is expensive, inconsistent and Lab Forced Aligner, and forced alignment will choose the more impractical when we move on from analysing small datasets probable pronunciation from the two alternatives. The agreement rates between the forced alignment method and native to thousands of hours of speech that are now openly available. English speakers ranged from 79% to 90%, which were In this study we investigate the use of forced alignment for comparable to the agreement rates among the native speakers automatic classification of ‘g-dropping’. We evaluate the (79% - 96%). The two variations of pronunciation not only method by comparing the results with native speakers’ manual differed in their nasal codas, but also – and even more so – in coding. Finally, we explore the acoustic difference between their vowel quality. This is shown by both the KL-divergence the two variations (-in’ and -ing) through both computing the between the two models, and that native Mandarin speakers divergence between the two models, and comparing native performed poorly on classification of “g-dropping”. -
Linguistic Markers of Status in Food Culture: Bourdieu’S Distinction in a Menu Corpus
Linguistic Markers of Status in Food Culture: Bourdieu’s Distinction in a Menu Corpus Dan Jurafsky, Victor Chahuneau, Bryan R. Routledge, and Noah A. Smith 10.18.16 Peer-Reviewed By: Nathalie Cooke & Anon. Clusters: Food Article DOI: 10.22148/16.007 Dataverse DOI: 10.7910/DVN/QMLCPD Journal ISSN: 2371-4549 Cite: Dan Jurafsky, Victor Chahuneau, Bryan R. Routledge, and Noah A. Smith, “Linguistic Markers of Status in Food Culture: Bourdieu’s Distinction in a Menu Corpus,”Cultural Analytics Oct. 18, 2016. DOI: 10.22148/16.007 Food is a core element of culture, whose link with identity and socio-economic class has made it an important area of cultural research. 1 In his ground-breaking study, Pierre Bourdieu noted that “oppositions similar in structure to those found in cultural practices also appear in eating habits.” 2 His work established deep associations linking food culture, and taste more generally, with social class and other aspects of identity, demonstrating the economic and social determinants of taste and their role in representing distinctions, differences between groups. 1This work was supported in part by a research grant from Google, and by the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. We are grateful for very helpful suggestions from David Bamman, Mark Liberman, and the anonymous reviewers, and to the New York Public Library for their generosity in making the Buttolph menu collection available to the public. 2Pierre Bourdieu, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, trans. Richard Nice (Harvard University Press, 1984). 1 Dan Jurafsky et al.