DOCSLIB.ORG

235416771.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
235416771.Pdf W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 5-2009 Phylogenetic relationships and morphological changes in Venericardia on the Gulf Coastal Plain during the Paleogene Kate McClure College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Recommended Citation McClure, Kate, "Phylogenetic relationships and morphological changes in Venericardia on the Gulf Coastal Plain during the Paleogene" (2009). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 297. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/297 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Table of Contents List of Figures……………………………………………………………………………...3 List of Tables.……………………………………………………………………………...4 Abstract………………………………………………………………………………….…5 Introduction………………………………………………………… ………………….….6 Background Venericard Biology ………………………………………… ……………………..7 Taxonomic Classification ………………………………………………………...13 Paleogene Molluscan Fauna on the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain ………… ………...17 Paleogene Climate ……………………………………….……… ……………....18 Geologic Setting on the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain …………………… …………..21 Methods Species and Specimen Selection ………………………………………… …….…25 Phylogenetic Data Collection ………………………………………… …………28 Phylogenetic Analysis ………………………………………….... ………………29 Landmark Collection …………………………………………………… …….....30 Morphospace Analysis ….……………………………………………… …….….32 Results and Discussion: Phylogenetics General Phylogenetic Results ………………………………….. ……………….32 Outgroup Species …………………………………..... …………………………33 North American and European Venericards ………………………………… ....36 Alticostate and Planicostate Venericards …………………………………. …...38 Venericard Subgenera ……………………………….….. ………………………41 Phylogeny through Time ………………………………….. …………………….44 Results and Discussion: Morphometrics Defining Principal Component Axes ………………………………………….. ...46 Alticostate and Planicostate Venericards in Morphospace ………………… …..57 Venericard Subgenera in Morphospace ……………………………… …………59 Venericard Morphology through Time ……………………………… …………..62 Phylogeny in Morphospace ………………………………….. ………………….71 Conclusions…………………………………………………………………… …………76 1 Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………..77 References Cited…………………………………………………………………………78 Appendix A. Phylogenetic Character Descriptions ……………………….……………….83 B. Phylogenetic Data …………………...................……………….…………..90 C. Interior Specimens ……..…………………………………………………….93 D. Cross-Sectional Specimens ….……………………………………………...101 E. Interior Landmark Data……….……………………………………………109 F. Cross-Sectional Landmark Data... …..……………………….…………….141 2 List of Figures 1. Global venericard occurrences...........………………………………….……...…….9 2. Alticostate and planicostate ornamentation…………………….…................ …….11 3. Burrowed bivalve.………………………………………..……………......... …….12 4. Venericard subgenera.…………………………………………….………....... …..16 5. World during the Early Eocene ………………………………………................. ..19 6. Paleogene temperature reconstruction.…………………………………..….......... 20 7. Paleogene paleogeography on the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain..……..…….……....... .22 8. Stratigraphic column.……………………………………..……........... …………..23 9. Stratigraphic ranges of selected venericard species……...………...... ……………27 10. Interior landmarks.…………………………………..……………….. …………..31 11. Cross-sectional landmarks.………………………...…………...…………. ……..31 12. Phylogeny of GCP ingroup………………………..……...………………. ……...34 13. Phylogeny of GCP and European species.……………...………………. ………..35 14. Phylogeny with continent indicated………………...………………....... ………..37 15. Phylogeny of GCP ingroup with external ornament indicated.…….............. ……39 16. Phylogeny of GCP and European ingroup with external ornament indicated.... ....40 17. Phylogeny of GCP ingroup with subgenera indicated………………….. ………..42 18. Phylogeny of GCP and European ingroup with subgenera indicated….......… …..43 19. Phylogeny through time…………………………………………………….……..45 20. Interior PC1 loadings.…………………………………………………....... ……..50 21. Interior PC1 2-D shape deformation…………………………………..…....... …..50 22. Interior PC2 loadings ………………………………………………....... ………..51 23. Interior PC2 2-D shape deformation …………………………........…… ………..51 24. Interior PC1 and shell shape………………………………………….…. ………..52 25. Interior PC2 and shell shape…………………………………………….. ………..52 26. Cross-sectional PC1 loadings……………...…………………………. …………..53 27. Cross-sectional PC2 loadings…………………...……………………. …………..53 28. Cross-sectional PC2 2-D shape deformation…....………………….… …………..54 29. Cross-sectional PC2 and shell shape…………...…………………...... …………..55 30. Interior morphospace…….……………………...……………………. …………..56 3 31. Cross-sectional morphospace…………………...……………………. …………..56 32. Species averages of alticostates and planicostates: interior...……………... ……..58 33. Species averages of alticostates and planicostates: cross-sectional…….. ………..58 34. Species averages of subgenera: interior……………………………........ ………..60 35. Species averages of subgenera: cross-sectional.……………………... …………..60 36. Interior morphospace through time ………………………………...……………..63 37. Cross-sectional morphospace through time …………………………..... ………..64 38. PC values across climate shift…………………………………...…….... ………..68 39. Interior PC1 values and temperature…………………………...……...... ………..69 40. Cross-sectional morphospace through time …………………………..... ………..70 41. Phylogeny in morphospace: interior………………………...…………... ………..72 42. Phylogeny in morphospace: cross-sectional………………...…………... ………..73 43. Phylogenetic and morphometric distances between species: interior…... ………..74 44. Phylogenetic and morphometric distances between species……………. ………..75 List of Tables 1. Venericard species……………...…………………………………….…....... …….26 2. Interior landmark eigenvalues…………………….…………….…............... …….47 3. Cross-sectional landmark eigenvalues……….…..………………………..... …….48 4. T-tests of alticostate subgenera PC value…………………….………...…....... …..61 5. T-tests of PC values before and after the PETM and EOT………………............ ..67 4 Abstract The bivalve genus Venericardia is abundant and exceptionally well-preserved on the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain during the Paleogene. The climate was extremely variable during the Paleogene, allowing the system to serve as a proxy for modern climate change. The primary goal of this research was to quantitatively reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among venericard species and to explore patterns in venericard morphology. A phylogeny was produced from 70 qualitative multi-state characters applied to over 37 species and analyzed using a parsimony-based approach. This phylogeny identified the major clades of venericards that occur in Paleogene units along the Gulf Coastal Plain, as well as their relationships to European venericards. The phylogenetic framework was applied to investigate the evolution of external ornamentation and the validity of proposed subgenera. Landmark data were collected via digital images of the internal and cross-sectional orientations of right venericard valves and used to explore the morphometric relationships among hypothesized groups. Finally, the timing of phylogenetic events and morphometric changes were compared with climate shifts. The phylogeny demonstrates that alticostate venericards form a monophyletic group within the venericard genus. None of the proposed venericard subgenera are monophyletic, although European and North American venericard species are closely related. The interior and cross-sectional morphospaces indicate that alticostate and planicostate venericards are morphometrically separate and that the proposed subgenera are all morphometrically distinct. Venericard diversity increased after the Paleocene- Eocene Thermal Maximum, although there is no significant morphological change across the climate shift. After the Eocene-Oligocene Transition, venericards suffered an 5 extinction and became more globose in shape. These patterns could suggest that venericard morphology responds more strongly to temperature decreases than to increases. Introduction The world’s climate is shifting at an unprecedented rate and we have little idea how this change will affect the evolution and ecology of living animals. Although the current climate shift is the most dramatic within human history, it is not the only example of rapid climate change in the history of life on earth. The global climate was also extremely variable during the Paleogene (66-23.7 Ma) and included several instances of drastic increases and decreases in temperature (Bains et al., 2000; Ivany, Lohmann and Patterson, 2003; Ivany et al., 2004), which makes it a useful proxy for modern climate change. Additionally, members of the Venericardia genus of bivalves were very abundant throughout the Paleogene, and their fossil record is remarkably complete (Verastegui, 1953; Heaslip, 1968), making them an ideal taxon for studying the effects of Paleogene climate shifts. However, before the genus can be used to predict the future we need a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of its component species. Therefore, the primary goal of this project is to quantitatively construct a phylogenetic tree illustrating the evolutionary relationships among major clades of venericard bivalves. The focus is on the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain during the Paleogene, although the study also includes contemporaneous European
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Silicified Eocene Molluscs from the Lower Murchison District, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia
    [<ecords o{ the Western A uslralian Museum 24: 217--246 (2008). Silicified Eocene molluscs from the Lower Murchison district, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia Thomas A. Darragh1 and George W. Kendrick2.3 I Department of Invertebrate Palaeontology, Museum Victoria, 1'.0. Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia. Email: tdarragh(il.Illuseum.vic.gov.au :' Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool D.C., Western Australia 6986, Australia. 1 School of Earth and Ceographical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawlev, Western Australia 6009, Australia. Abstract - Silicified Middle to Late Eocene shallow water sandstones outcropping in the Lower Murchison District near Kalbarri township contain a silicified fossil fauna including foraminifera, sponges, bryozoans, solitary corals, brachiopods, echinoids and molluscs. The known molluscan fauna consists of 51 species, comprising 2 cephalopods, 14 bivalves, 1 scaphopod and 34 gastropods. Of these taxa three are newly described, Cerithium lvilya, Zeacolpus bartol1i, and Lyria lamellatoplicata. 25 of these molluscs are identical to or closely comparable with taxa from the southern Australian Eocene. The occurrence of this fauna extends the Southeast Australian Province during the Eocene from southwest Western Australia along the west coast north to at least 27° present day south latitude; consequently the province is here renamed the Southern Australian Province. Keywords: siliceous fossils, Eocene, Kalbarri, molluscs, new taxa, Carnarvon Basin, biogeography, Southern Australian Province. INTRODUCTION The source deposit, a pallid to ferruginous silicified Eocene marine molluscan assemblages from sandstone, forms a weakly defined, low breakaway coastal sedimentary basins in southern Australia trending N-S and sloping gently westward.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Guidebook As .Pdf
    CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK November 13 – 15, 1992 GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CENTRAL SAVANNAH RIVER AREA, SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA edited by Wallace Fallaw Department of Geology, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613 Van Price Environmental Monitoring section, Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken SC 29808 Front cover: Topography of the Central Savannah River Valley and surrounding area looking up-river. Copies of this guidebook can be obtained from: South Carolina Geological Survey Harbison Forest Road Columbia, South Carolina 29210-4089 ii WE THANK THESE CORPORATE SPONSORS FOR THEIR SUPPORT OF THE 1992 CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY MEETING J.H. HUBER CORPORATION Langley, South Carolina KENNECOTT RIDGEWAY MINING COMPANY Ridgeway, South Carolina RMT, INC. Greenville, South Carolina SOUTHEASTERN CLAY COMPANY Aiken, South Carolina GERAGHTY AND MILLER INC. Aiken, South Carolina FOSTER DIXIANA CORP. Columbia, South Carolina EXPLORATION RESOURCES INC. Athens, Georgia The United States Department of Energy and the South Carolina Geological Survey provided partial support for this guidebook. However, the opinions and interpretations expressed within are not necessarily those of the Department of Energy or the South Carolina Geological Survey. iii CONTENTS Road Log and Outcrops in the vicinity of the Savannah River Site (W.C. Fallaw, Van Price and Walter J. Sex- ton) . .. .1 Observations on general allo-stratigraphy and tectonic framework of the southeastern Atlantic Coast Regional Cross Section (DNAG E-5 Corridor) Georgia and South Carolina as they relate to the Savan- nah River Site. (Donald Colquhoun). .. .11 Outline of stratigraphy at the Savannah River Site. (W. C. Fallaw and Van Price) . .17 Stratigraphic relationships in Eocene out crops along Upper Three Runs at the Savannah River Site.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleontology and Sedimentology of Middle Eocene Rocks in Lago Argentino Area, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina
    AMEGHINIANA (Rev. Asoc. Paleontol. Argent.) - 46 (1): 27-47. Buenos Aires, 30-04-2009 ISSN 0002-7014 Paleontology and sedimentology of Middle Eocene rocks in Lago Argentino area, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina Silvio CASADÍO1,2, Miguel GRIFFIN1,2, Sergio MARENSSI3,2, Laura NET4, Ana PARRAS1,2, Martín RODRÍGUEZ RAISING5,2 and Sergio SANTILLANA3 Abstract. Sedimentological and paleontological study of the Man Aike Formation at the Estancia 25 de Mayo, SW of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, represents the evolution of an incised valley from fluvial to marine environment during the late middle Eocene. At the base of the unit there is an unconformity that corresponds to fluvial channels which cut down into the underlying Maastrichtian sandstones of the Calafate Formation. The fauna of invertebrates (mostly molluscs) illustrated herein was collected from shell beds interpreted as tidal ravinement surfaces. The fauna includes terebratulid brachiopods, bivalves of the families Malletiidae, Mytilidae, Pinnidae, Ostreidae, Pectinidae, Carditidae, Crassatellidae, Lahillidae, Mactridae, Veneridae, and Hiatellidae, and gastropods of the families Trochidae and Calyptraeidae, and a member of Archaeogastropoda of uncertain affinities. The similarities of this fauna with that recorded in the Upper Member of the Río Turbio Formation, together with 87Sr/86Sr ages, sug- gest a late Middle Eocene age for the Man Aike Formation. Resumen. PALEONTOLOGÍA Y SEDIMENTOLOGÍA DE LAS ROCAS DEL EOCENO MEDIO EXPUESTAS EN EL ÁREA DE LAGO ARGENTINO, PROVINCIA DE SANTA CRUZ, ARGENTINA. Los estudios sedimentológicos y paleontológicos real- izados en rocas asignadas a la Formación Man Aike, expuestas en la estancia 25 de Mayo, al sur de Calafate, provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina, sugieren que esta unidad representa la evolución de un valle inciso desde ambientes fluviales a marinos durante el Eoceno medio tardío.
    [Show full text]
  • The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galápagos
    THE FESTIVUS ISSN 0738-9388 A publication of the San Diego Shell Club Volume XXIX December 4, 1997 Supplement The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galapagos Kirstie L. Kaiser Vol. XXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page i THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN MARINE FAUNA OF THE ISLAS GALApAGOS KIRSTIE L. KAISER Museum Associate, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA 4 December 1997 SiL jo Cover: Adapted from a painting by John Chancellor - H.M.S. Beagle in the Galapagos. “This reproduction is gifi from a Fine Art Limited Edition published by Alexander Gallery Publications Limited, Bristol, England.” Anon, QU Lf a - ‘S” / ^ ^ 1 Vol. XXIX Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 1 DISCUSSION 2 RESULTS 2 Table 1: Deep-Water Species 3 Table 2: Additions to the verified species list of Finet (1994b) 4 Table 3: Species listed as endemic by Finet (1994b) which are no longer restricted to the Galapagos .... 6 Table 4: Summary of annotated checklist of Galapagan mollusks 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 6 LITERATURE CITED 7 APPENDIX 1: ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF GALAPAGAN MOLLUSKS 17 APPENDIX 2: REJECTED SPECIES 47 INDEX TO TAXA 57 Vol. XXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page 1 THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN MARINE EAUNA OE THE ISLAS GALAPAGOS KIRSTIE L. KAISER' Museum Associate, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA Introduction marine mollusks (Appendix 2). The first list includes The marine mollusks of the Galapagos are of additional earlier citations, recent reported citings, interest to those who study eastern Pacific mollusks, taxonomic changes and confirmations of 31 species particularly because the Archipelago is far enough from previously listed as doubtful.
    [Show full text]
  • Mollusca) Del Tortoniense Superior De Arroyo Trujillo, Cantillana (Sevilla
    SPANISH JOURNAL OF PALAEONTOLOGY Estudio paleontológico de los bivalvos (Mollusca) del Tortoniense superior de Arroyo Trujillo, Cantillana (Sevilla) Joaquín CÁRDENAS1*, Ildefonso BAJO2 & M. Vicente MAESTRE2 1 Plaza de España, 10, 1º D, 41702 Dos Hermanas, Sevilla; [email protected] 2 Museo de Alcalá de Guadaíra, Sección de Paleontología, c/ Juan Pérez Díaz s/n, 41500, Alcalá de Guadaíra, Sevilla * Corresponding author Cárdenas, J., Bajo, I. & Maestre, M.V. 2017. Estudio paleontológico de los bivalvos (Mollusca) del Tortoniense superior de Arroyo Trujillo, Cantillana (Sevilla). [Palaeontological study of the bivalves (Mollusca) of the late Tortonian of Arroyo Trujillo, Cantillana (Sevilla)]. Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 32 (2), 367-386. Manuscript received 19 April 2017 © Sociedad Española de Paleontología ISSN 2255-0550 Manuscript accepted 21 August 2017 RESUMEN ABSTRACT En este trabajo se actualiza la estratigrafía y se estudia la In this work, the stratigraphy of Arroyo Trujillo (Cantillana, comunidad de bivalvos fósil del yacimiento Arroyo Trujillo Sevilla) site, in the Guadalquivir Basin, is updated and the (Cantillana, Sevilla) en la zona central de la Cuenca del fossil bivalve community is studied. A new stratigraphic Guadalquivir. Se ha realizado una nueva columna estratigráfi ca, section has been made, differentiating four sections y en ella se diferencian cuatro tramos correspondientes al encompassed in the Transgressive Basal Complex of the upper Complejo Basal Transgresivo del Tortoniense superior. Han Tortonian. One hundred and thirty two bivalves have been sido identifi cados 132 taxones de bivalvos, diez de los cuales identifi ed, 10 out of them are mentioned for the fi rst time in se citan por primera vez en la península Ibérica.
    [Show full text]
  • South Carolina State Water Assessment, 2Nd Ed., Chapter 1
    SOUTH Carolina IN PERSPECTIVE SOCIOECONOMIC ENVironment influx of capital and population advanced the economy from an agricultural base to a 21st-century economy that Geography has played an important role in South is dominated by manufacturing and is well diversified by Carolina’s history and development. Archaeological agriculture and tourism. evidence shows us that early Indian inhabitants found the land and climate well suited for hunting and gathering Population and later for agriculture. Spanish, French, and English explorers discovered that South Carolina’s harbors and South Carolina’s population increased from rivers provided ingress to the New World and its vast about 250,000 in 1790 to more than 4 million in 2005 resources. The settlers who followed on the heels of (Figure 1-1). The nearly one-million person increase exploration exploited the land and streams of the lower between 1980 and 2005 accounted for 27 percent of the Coastal Plain, and for almost 200 years they enjoyed a state’s growth during the past two centuries. Population predominantly agricultural economy based first on indigo growth is above the national average and is expected to and rice and later on cotton, tobacco, and timber. Abundant continue at an above-average rate owing to factors such as land, water, and labor and a mild climate attracted the state’s mild climate, natural attractions, favorable tax national and international investment and a migration to and labor laws, and relatively low cost of living. the State during the middle and late 20th century. That 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 opulation, in thousands P 2,000 1,000 0 0 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 200 2010 2020 2030 Year Figure 1-1.
    [Show full text]
  • THE LISTING of PHILIPPINE MARINE MOLLUSKS Guido T
    August 2017 Guido T. Poppe A LISTING OF PHILIPPINE MARINE MOLLUSKS - V1.00 THE LISTING OF PHILIPPINE MARINE MOLLUSKS Guido T. Poppe INTRODUCTION The publication of Philippine Marine Mollusks, Volumes 1 to 4 has been a revelation to the conchological community. Apart from being the delight of collectors, the PMM started a new way of layout and publishing - followed today by many authors. Internet technology has allowed more than 50 experts worldwide to work on the collection that forms the base of the 4 PMM books. This expertise, together with modern means of identification has allowed a quality in determinations which is unique in books covering a geographical area. Our Volume 1 was published only 9 years ago: in 2008. Since that time “a lot” has changed. Finally, after almost two decades, the digital world has been embraced by the scientific community, and a new generation of young scientists appeared, well acquainted with text processors, internet communication and digital photographic skills. Museums all over the planet start putting the holotypes online – a still ongoing process – which saves taxonomists from huge confusion and “guessing” about how animals look like. Initiatives as Biodiversity Heritage Library made accessible huge libraries to many thousands of biologists who, without that, were not able to publish properly. The process of all these technological revolutions is ongoing and improves taxonomy and nomenclature in a way which is unprecedented. All this caused an acceleration in the nomenclatural field: both in quantity and in quality of expertise and fieldwork. The above changes are not without huge problematics. Many studies are carried out on the wide diversity of these problems and even books are written on the subject.
    [Show full text]
  • Thyasirid Bivalves from Cretaceous and Paleogene Cold Seeps
    Thyasirid bivalves from Cretaceous and Paleogene cold seeps KRZYSZTOF HRYNIEWICZ, KAZUTAKA AMANO, ROBERT G. JENKINS, and STEFFEN KIEL Hryniewicz, K., Amano, K., Jenkins, R.G., and Kiel, S. 2017. Thyasirid bivalves from Cretaceous and Paleogene cold seeps. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62 (4): 705–728. We present a systematic study of thyasirid bivalves from Cretaceous to Oligocene seep carbonates worldwide. Eleven species of thyasirid bivalves are identified belonging to three genera: Conchocele, Maorithyas, and Thyasira. Two spe- cies are new: Maorithyas humptulipsensis sp. nov. from middle Eocene seep carbonates in the Humptulips Formation, Washington State, USA, and Conchocele kiritachiensis sp. nov. from the late Eocene seep deposit at Kiritachi, Hokkaido, Japan. Two new combinations are provided: Conchocele townsendi (White, 1890) from Maastrichtian strata of the James Ross Basin, Antarctica, and Maorithyas folgeri (Wagner and Schilling, 1923) from Oligocene rocks from California, USA. Three species are left in open nomenclature. We show that thyasirids have Mesozoic origins and appear at seeps be- fore appearing in “normal” marine environments. These data are interpreted as a record of seep origination of thyasirids, and their subsequent dispersal to non-seep environments. We discuss the age of origination of thyasirids in the context of the origin of the modern deep sea fauna and conclude that thyasirids could have deep sea origins. This hypothesis is supported by the observed lack of influence of the Cretaceous and Paleogene Oceanic Anoxic Events on the main evolutionary lineages of the thyasirids, as seen in several other members of the deep sea fauna. Key words: Bivalvia, Thyasiridae, cold seeps, deep sea, ecology, evolution, Cretaceous, Paleogene.
    [Show full text]
  • Aperçus D'un Écosystème Marin Et De Ses Abords Au Maastrichtien
    Aperçus d’un écosystème marin et de ses abords au Maastrichtien supérieur: le site nigérien d’In Daman et la mer épicontinentale du bassin des Iullemmeden Marc Michaut To cite this version: Marc Michaut. Aperçus d’un écosystème marin et de ses abords au Maastrichtien supérieur: le site nigérien d’In Daman et la mer épicontinentale du bassin des Iullemmeden. 2013. hal-00797424 HAL Id: hal-00797424 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00797424 Preprint submitted on 6 Mar 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Aperçus d’un écosystème marin et de ses abords au Maastrichtien supérieur : le site nigérien d’In Daman et la mer épicontinentale du bassin des Iullemmeden Marc Michaut Institut préparatoire aux études scientifiques et techniques, Université de Tunis, La Marsa, Tunisie 5 mars 2013 Abstract Many studies were performed for several decades about Nigerian maastrichtian sites and other fossiliferous sites of the same epoch in their vicinity, which allow us to reconstruct the marine epicontinental ecosystem and associated coastal ecosystems with a fair amount of accuracy. We begin with a detailed compilation of the re- sults obtained about biotope and taphocenose.
    [Show full text]
  • Spissatella Trailli (Lectotype TM2859 – Awamoa, Oamaru, New Zealand)
    JOURNEYS THROUGH SHAPE AND TIME: PALAEOBIOLOGY OF CENOZOIC NEW ZEALAND SPISSATELLA AND EUCRASSATELLA (BIVALVIA, CRASSATELLIDAE) by Katie Susanna Collins A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2013 Spissatella trailli (Lectotype TM2859 – Awamoa, Oamaru, New Zealand) i ii ABSTRACT A novel, highly-integrated approach combining morphometric, stratocladistic and sclerochronological methods has been applied to two genera of New Zealand Cenozoic crassatellid bivalve (Family Crassatellidae): Spissatella Finlay, 1926 and Eucrassatella Iredale, 1924. This study builds on previous work on Spissatella that demonstrated their amenability to shape analysis and provided a foundation for evolutionary studies of the group. The taxonomy of these crassatellids has been in need of revision; a number of changes to generic placement having been proposed in recent publications without redescription. These bivalves are character-depauperate and known only from fossil material within New Zealand, making them challenging subjects for the phylogenetic analysis that would, ideally, inform taxonomic revision. Geometric morphometric methods have been used to characterise the morphological variation of the study group in terms of shape. Landmarks/semilandmarks that capture internal hard-part morphology and external shell shape, have been compared with internal landmarks only, outline shape semilandmarks only, and outline shape Fourier transform methods, and are shown to best combine comprehensive coverage of total shell form with high correct reassignment of individuals to taxa in multidimensional morphospace. Procrustes- superimposed landmark/semilandmark configurations have been ordinated using Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and PCA plots have been used to compare the shape variation of each species.
    [Show full text]
  • TREATISE ONLINE Number 48
    TREATISE ONLINE Number 48 Part N, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 31: Illustrated Glossary of the Bivalvia Joseph G. Carter, Peter J. Harries, Nikolaus Malchus, André F. Sartori, Laurie C. Anderson, Rüdiger Bieler, Arthur E. Bogan, Eugene V. Coan, John C. W. Cope, Simon M. Cragg, José R. García-March, Jørgen Hylleberg, Patricia Kelley, Karl Kleemann, Jiří Kříž, Christopher McRoberts, Paula M. Mikkelsen, John Pojeta, Jr., Peter W. Skelton, Ilya Tëmkin, Thomas Yancey, and Alexandra Zieritz 2012 Lawrence, Kansas, USA ISSN 2153-4012 (online) paleo.ku.edu/treatiseonline PART N, REVISED, VOLUME 1, CHAPTER 31: ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY OF THE BIVALVIA JOSEPH G. CARTER,1 PETER J. HARRIES,2 NIKOLAUS MALCHUS,3 ANDRÉ F. SARTORI,4 LAURIE C. ANDERSON,5 RÜDIGER BIELER,6 ARTHUR E. BOGAN,7 EUGENE V. COAN,8 JOHN C. W. COPE,9 SIMON M. CRAgg,10 JOSÉ R. GARCÍA-MARCH,11 JØRGEN HYLLEBERG,12 PATRICIA KELLEY,13 KARL KLEEMAnn,14 JIřÍ KřÍž,15 CHRISTOPHER MCROBERTS,16 PAULA M. MIKKELSEN,17 JOHN POJETA, JR.,18 PETER W. SKELTON,19 ILYA TËMKIN,20 THOMAS YAncEY,21 and ALEXANDRA ZIERITZ22 [1University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA, [email protected]; 2University of South Florida, Tampa, USA, [email protected], [email protected]; 3Institut Català de Paleontologia (ICP), Catalunya, Spain, [email protected], [email protected]; 4Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 5South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, [email protected]; 6Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 7North
    [Show full text]
  • Mollusca, Bivalvia): Protocardiinae, Laevicardiinae, Lahilliinae, Tulongocardiinae Subfam
    Zoologica Scripta, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 321-346, 1995 Pergamon Elsevier Science Ltd The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Printed in Great Britain 0300-3256(95)00011-9 Phytogeny of the Cardiidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia): Protocardiinae, Laevicardiinae, Lahilliinae, Tulongocardiinae subfam. n. and Pleuriocardiinae subfam. n. JAY A. SCHNEIDER Accepted 7 June 1995 Schneider, J.A. 1995. Phytogeny of the Cardiidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia): Protocardiinae, Laevicar- diinae, Lahilliinae, Tulongocardiinae subfam.n. and Pleuriocardiinae subfam.n.—Zool. Scr. 24: 321-346. In a preliminary cladistic analysis of the bivalve family Cardiidae (Schneider 1992), members of the subfamilies Protocardiinae, Lahilliinae, and Laevicardiinae, plus the genus Nemocardium, were found to be the least derived taxa of cardiids. A cladistic analysis is undertaken of the genera and subgenera of these cardiid taxa, plus several Mesozoic taxa which have never been assigned to any subfamily. The Late Triassic Tulongocardium, which is placed in Tulongocardiinae subfam. n., is the sister taxon to all other cardiids. Protocardiinae is restricted to the genus Protocardia. Most other Mesozoic taxa which have been placed in the Protocardiinae are found to be members of the Lahilliinae. Nemocardium is placed in the Laevicardiinae. Incacardium, Pleuriocardia, and Dochmocardia form a monophyletic group, Pleuriocardiinae subfam. n. Pleuriocardiinae, Laevi- cardiinae, and the remaining members of the Cardiidae (herein informally termed "cucardiids") form a monophyletic group. Jay A. Schneider, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama. Present address: Department of Geology, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH 44555- 3672, C/.S./l. re7..2;6-742-77JJ;Fa%.276-742-/7J4 Introduction Bivalves of the family Cardiidae (cockles and giant clams) Outgroup Palaeocardita originated in the Late Triassic and have a present-day Septocardia diversity of nearly 200 species (Rosewater 1965; Fischer- Protocardia | PROTOCARDIINAE Integricardium I Piette 1977).
    [Show full text]