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Výroční Zpráva NP 2020 Výroční zpráva za rok 2020 Národní program konzervace a využívání genetických zdrojů mikroorganismů a drobných živočichů hospodářského významu Číslo jednací 51834/2017-MZE-17253 Koordinátor: Ing. Petr Komínek, Ph.D. Výzkumný ústav rostlinné výroby, v.v.i. Drnovská 507, 161 06 Praha 6 - Ruzyně, E-mail: [email protected] Výroční zpráva za rok 2020 Národní program konzervace a využívání genetických zdrojů mikroorganismů a drobných živočichů hospodářského významu Číslo jednací 51834/2017-MZE-17253 Doba řešení: 1. 1. – 31. 12. 2020 Koordinátor: Ing. Petr Komínek, Ph.D. Dne: 18.3. 2021 Pověřená osoba: Výzkumný ústav rostlinné výroby v.v.i., Drnovská 507, 161 06 Praha 6 - Ruzyně IČO: 00027006 Statutární zástupce: RNDr. Mikuláš Madaras, Ph.D. ředitel VÚRV, v.v.i. Čerpání finančních prostředků: Plán: 16 042 tis. Kč Skutečnost 16 042 tis. Kč 2 Souhrnná zpráva za NPGZM Obsah A) Souhrnná zpráva za Národní program konzervace a využívání genetických zdrojů mikroorganismů a drobných živočichů hospodářského významu ...................................................................................... 5 1. Shrnutí ............................................................................................................................................. 5 2. Aktivity koordinace NPGZM v členění dle Akčního plánu NPGZ ................................................. 9 3. Centrální laboratoř ......................................................................................................................... 15 4. Hodnotící část zprávy .................................................................................................................... 16 B) Dílčí zprávy za jednotlivé sbírky ...................................................................................................... 20 1. Přehled sbírek NÁRODNÍHO PROGRAMU konzervace a využívání GENETICKÝCH ZDROJŮ MIKROORGANISMŮ a drobných živočichů hospodářského významu .......................................... 20 2. Zprávy za jednotlivé sbírky ........................................................................................................... 23 A) Sbírka fytopatogenních virů (VURV-V) ...................................................................................... 23 B) Sbírka fytopatogenních a zemědělsky prospěšných bakterií (VURV-B) .................................... 27 C) Sbírka zemědělsky významných hub (VURV-F) ......................................................................... 33 D) Sbírka půdních bakterií (VURV-R) ............................................................................................. 37 E) Sbírka biotrofních hub (VURV-A) ............................................................................................... 41 F) Sbírka živočišných škůdců zemědělských plodin ....................................................................... 45 G) Chovy skladištního hmyzu a roztočů......................................................................................... 49 H) Sbírka jedlých a léčivých makromycetů (VURV-M) ................................................................... 61 CH) Sbírka fytopatogenních virů brambor..................................................................................... 64 I) Sbírka patogenních virů ovocných dřevin .................................................................................. 72 J) Sbírka virů okrasných rostlin ...................................................................................................... 78 K) Sbírka zoopatogenních mikroorganismů (CAPM) ..................................................................... 85 L) Sbírka mlékárenských mikroorganismů Laktoflora® (CCDM) .................................................... 92 M) Sbírka pivovarských mikroorganismů (RIBM) ........................................................................ 100 N) Sbírka průmyslově využitelných mikroorganismů (RIFIS) ....................................................... 106 O) Sbírka fytopatogenních mikroorganismů UPOC ..................................................................... 111 P) Sbírka kultur basidiomycetů (CCBAS) ...................................................................................... 117 Q) Sbírka patogenů chmele ......................................................................................................... 123 R) Sbírka kultur hub (CCF) ............................................................................................................ 129 S) Česká sbírka fytopatogenních oomycetů (CCPO) .................................................................... 134 T) Sbírka mlékárenských a pekárenských kontaminantů (CCDBC) .............................................. 137 U) Česká sbírka mikroorganismů (CCM) ...................................................................................... 141 3. Seznam publikací v roce 2020 ..................................................................................................... 144 3 Souhrnná zpráva za NPGZM 4. Zákonné normy, úmluvy, dohody a metodické pokyny, z nichž vyplývá nutnost ochrany genových zdrojů .............................................................................................................................. 156 5. Závěr ............................................................................................................................................ 158 6. Přílohy ......................................................................................................................................... 159 6.1. Seznamy kmenů.................................................................................................................... 159 4 Souhrnná zpráva za NPGZM A) Souhrnná zpráva za Národní program konzervace a využívání genetických zdrojů mikroorganismů a drobných živočichů hospodářského významu 1. Shrnutí Národní program konzervace a využívání genetických zdrojů mikroorganismů a drobných živočichů hospodářského významu (NPGZM) sdružuje 22 sbírek u 13 organizací včetně VÚRV, v.v.i., který činnost NPGZM koordinuje. Sbírky v NPGZM mají ve svých fondech fytopatogenní a zoopatogenní viry, bakterie a houby, užitečné mikroorganismy jako jsou rhizobia, potravinářsky významné kvasinky, jedlé a léčivé houby. Součástí NPGZM jsou také dvě sbírky škůdců; a to škůdců rostlin a jejich nepřátel a škůdců skladovaných komodit a potravin. Viz též obrázek 1. Obrázek 1: Kvantitativní zastoupení skupin organismů uchovávaných ve sbírkách NPGZM Sbírky v rámci NP mikroorganismů udržovaly v roce 2020 celkem 9 620 kmenů mikroorganismů. Počet udržovaných kmenů za poslední roky mírně stoupá, viz obrázek 2. Obrázek 2: Vývoj počtu kmenů mikroorganismů zařazených do NPGZM 5 Souhrnná zpráva za NPGZM NPGZM prezentuje svoji činnost také formou webových stránek v české a v anglické verzi. Tyto stránky jsou dostupné na adrese https://www.vurv.cz/mikroorganismy/ nebo též https://www.vurv.cz/microbes/. Viz následující obrázek. Obrázek 3: Náhled webu NPGZM U každé sbírky jsou uvedeny její charakteristiky a kontakty na sbírku. Na webu jsou též zveřejněny metodické postupy a výroční zprávy. Je tam též veřejný přístup do databáze NPGZM na veřejná data týkající se kmenů uložených v jednotlivých sbírkách. Národní program konzervace a využívání genetických zdrojů rostlin, zvířat a mikroorganismů významných pro výživu a zemědělství (NPGZ) se jako celek prezentuje na stránkách https://www.np-genetickezdroje.cz/. Uchovávané sbírkové položky byly v průběhu roku 2020 poskytovány uživatelům, jimiž byly domácí i zahraniční pracoviště základního i aplikovaného výzkumu, šlechtitelské instituce, univerzity, střední školy a orgány státní správy. V rámci ČR bylo poskytnuto 518 kmenů mikroorganismů, do zahraničí pak 94 kmenů. Poskytnuté kmeny byly v roce 2020 využity jako standardy pro expertní činnost, jako zdroje infekčního materiálu pro šlechtitelské účely a kontrolu kvality. Poskytnuté kmeny byly využity při řešení 78 projektů vědy a výzkumu. Využití poskytnutých kmenů vedlo též ke vzniku 131 publikací. 6 Souhrnná zpráva za NPGZM Údaje o jednotlivých položkách všech sbírek jsou ukládány do centrální databáze umístěné na internetových stránkách VÚRV, v.v.i. Tato databáze slouží jako zdroj informací pro širokou veřejnost. Náhled webového rozhraní databáze viz obrázek č. 4. Za rok 2020 bylo provedeno 1057 dotazů na informace v databázi. Obrázek 4: Vyhledávácí webové rozhraní databáze NPGZM Obrázek 5: Ukázka výsledku hledání v databázi NPGZM Sbírky mikroorganismů jsou již dlouhodobě zapojeny do mezinárodních struktur. Jsou členy národních (FCCM, National Library of Medicine Database Maintenance Project) a 7 Souhrnná zpráva za NPGZM mezinárodních organizací sdružujících sbírky genových zdrojů mikroorganismů, jako jsou World Data Center for Microorganisms (WDMC), World Federation for Culture Collections (WFCC), Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS), European Brewery Convention (EBC), International Bremia Evaluation Board (IBEB) a European Culture Collections Organization (ECCO). Mezinárodní aktivity spočívají v poskytování a výměně kmenů a informací, v účasti na specializovaných konferencích a workshopech. Změna názvů sbírek NPGZM V roce 2020 jsme provedli zkrácení názvů některých sbírek zařazených do NPGZM. Dále u sbírek NPGZM, které jsou součástí větší sbírky (CCBAS, CCF, CCM), se bude používat název jejich mateřské sbírky, nebude se již používat zvláštní pojmenování pouze té části, která je součástí NPGZM. Celkem tak došlo ke změně názvu u 12 sbírek. Tato zpráva
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