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3GPP LTE(-A): Part II MAC & Network 현대NGV 특강 3GPP LTE(-A): Part II MAC & Network 2014. 1. 8-9. Jae-Hyun Kim [email protected] Wireless Internet aNd Network Engineering Research Lab. http://winner.ajou.ac.kr School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ajou University, Korea 강사 소개 구성원 • 지도교수: 김재현 • 박사과정 7명(Full time) 3명(Part time), 석사과정 4명(Full time) 1명(Part time), 인턴 2명 지도교수 주요약력 • 1993~1996, 한양대학교 전자계산학과 공학박사 • 1996~1998, UCLA 전기과 Post-Doctoral Fellow • 1998~2003, Bell Labs, Lucent, NJ. Member of Technical Staff • 2003~현재 아주대학교 전자공학부 정교수 주요연구분야 • IEEE 802.11(15/16/20), 3GPP LTE/LTE-A MAC Protocol and QoS Research • Wireless Cross-Layer System Design (App. to PHY) • Network Performance Modeling and Analysis (Queuing and OPNET) 연구 실적 저널 학회 총계 논문상 특허 해외 22 91 113 6 7 국내 57 92 149 11 24 총계 79 183 262 17 31 2 Contents Session 1. Introduction • Introduction • Network architecture Session 2. User plane protocol • Packet Data Convergence Protocol • Radio Link Control • Medium Access Control Session 3. Control plane protocol • C-Plane Overview • Mobility Control • Radio Resource Management • Summary of C-Plane: Initial Attach Procedure Session 4 • LTE-Advanced Features • Release 12 Issues • Car with Mobile Communications • Summary 3 Session 1. Introduction Network Architecture 4 Introduction 5 Introduction 6 Introduction 7 The History of Mobile Radio Communication 1880: Hertz – Initial demonstration of practical radio communication 1897: Marconi – Radio transmission to a tugboat over an 18 mi path 1921: Detroit Police Department: -- Police car radio dispatch (2 MHz frequency band) 1933: FCC (Federal Communications Commission) – Authorized four channels in the 30 to 40 MHz range 1938: FCC – Ruled for regular service 1946: Bell Telephone Laboratories – 152 MHz (Simplex) 1956: FCC – 450 MHz (Simplex) 1959: Bell Telephone Laboratories – Suggested 32 MHz band for high capacity mobile radio communication 1964: FCC – 152 MHz (Full Duplex) 1964: Bell Telephone Laboratories – Active research at 800 MHz 1969: FCC – 450 MHz (Full Duplex) 1974: FCC – 40 MHz bandwidth allocation in the 800 to 900 MHz range 1981: FCC – Release of cellular land mobile phone service in the 40 MHz bandwidth in the 800 to 900 MHz range for commercial operation 8 The History of Mobile Radio Communication 1981: AT&T and RCC (Radio Common Carrier) reach an agreement to split 40 MHz spectrum into two 20 MHz bands. Band A belongs to nonwireline operators (RCC), and Band B belongs to wireline operators (telephone companies). Each market has two operators. 1982: AT&T is divested, and seven RBOCs (Regional Bell Operating Companies) are formed to manage the cellular operations 1982: MFJ (Modified Final Judgment) is issued by the government DOJ. All the operators were prohibited to (1) operate long-distance business, (2) provide information services, and (3) do manufacturing business 1983: Ameritech system in operation in Chicago 1984: Most RBOC markets in operation 1986: FCC allocates 5 MHz in extended band 1987: FCC makes lottery on the small MSA and all RSA licenses 1988: TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) voted as a digital cellular standard in North America 1992: GSM (Groupe Speciale Mobile) operable in Germany D2 system 9 The History of Mobile Radio Communication 1993: CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) voted as another digital cellular standard in North America 1994: American TDMA operable in Seattle, Washington 1994: PDC (Personal Digital Cellular) operable in Tokyo, Japan 1994: Two of six broadband PCS (Personal Communication Service) license bands in auction 1995: CDMA operable in Hong Kong 1996: US Congress passes Telecommunication Reform Act Bill 1996: The auction money for six broadband PCS licensed bands (120 MHz) almost reaches 20 billion US dollars 1997: Broadband CDMA considered as one of the third generation mobile communication technologies for UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems) during the UMTS workshop conference held in Korea 1999: ITU (International Telecommunication Union) decides the next generation mobile communication systems (e.g., W-CDMA, cdma2000, etc) 2001 : CDMA 3G-1X RTT service started in Korea 2003 : CDMA 3G-1X EV-DO => EV-DV 10 Cellular Network Background (1/4) Wireless communications gained popularity in 1930’s and after WWII Mainly used for public safety by police and other government organizations Vast majority not connected to the PSTN First public mobile telephone service started in 1946 in 25 major American cities Used a single high power transmitter and large tower to cover an area of 50 km 11 Cellular Network Background (2/4) . Research in 1960’s and 1970’s at Bell Labs led to the concept of “cells” . Basic concept of frequency re- use applied in a smaller area by the use of several low power transmitters instead of a single high power transmitter . Each transmission range called a CELL . A set of cells that do not share the frequency form a “cluster” . The cluster is then replicated throughout the desired communication area 12 Cellular Network Background (3/4) segmentation of the area into cells possible radio coverage of the cell idealized shape of the cell cell use of several carrier frequencies not the same frequency in adjoining cells cell sizes vary from some 100 m up to 35 km depending on user density, geography, transceiver power etc. hexagonal shape of cells is idealized (cells overlap, shapes depend on geography) if a mobile user changes cells handover of the connection to the neighbor cell 13 Cellular Network Background (4/4) Cluster of 7 cells Cells 14 Early Mobile Systems 15 Cellular Systems 16 Cellular Concept The cellular concept is a wireless system designed by dividing a large area into several small cells, replacing a single, high-power transmitter in a large area with a single, low-power transmitter in each cell, and reusing the frequency of a cell to another cell after skipping several cells. Thus, the limited bandwidth is reused in distant cells, causing a virtually infinite multiplication of the available frequency. To efficiently utilize the available frequency, the design of cellular systems depends on five basic elements: 1. Frequency reuse; 2. Co-channel interference; 3. Carrier-to-interference ratio; 4. Handover / Handoff mechanism; 5. Cell splitting. 17 1st Generation Cellular Systems and Services * Analog system 18 2nd Generation Cellular Systems and Services * Digital System & CDMA 19 3rd Generation Cellular Systems and Services IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications- 2000): Fulfill one's dream of anywhere, anytime communications a reality. Key Features of IMT-2000 include: High degree of commonality of design worldwide; Compatibility of services within IMT-2000 and with the fixed networks; High quality; Small terminal for worldwide use; Worldwide roaming capability; Capability for multimedia applications, and a wide range of services and terminals. 20 IMT-2000 Influences/ Family of Systems North America Europe Asia/ Pacific CDMA2000 WCDMA/ WCDMA & UWC-136 TD-CDMA & CDMA2000 IMT-2000 Result: A “Family of Systems” for IMT-2000 services, ensuring air-interface and network standards interoperability A predominately spread spectrum future 21 3rd Generation Cellular Systems and Services Important Component of IMT-2000 is ability to provide high bearer rate capabilities: 2 Mbps for fixed environment; 384 Kbps for indoor/outdoor and pedestrian environment; 144 kbps for vehicular environment. 3G+ Services: Started in October 2001 in Korea (CDMA2000) HSDPA service :Aug. 2009: 3.6Mbps -> 21Mbps HSPA+ service : Feb. 2010: Telstra 42Mbps In 2011 upgraded with Dual Carrier + MIMO -> 84Mbps LTE Service : Stockholm (Ericsson & Nokia with Samsung phone 14 Dec 2009) named as “4G” Korea : SKT, LGu+, 1 July 2011 for data, slated to nationwide 2012 , KT started June 2012 22 4rd Generation Cellular Systems and Services In March 2008, ITU-R specified a set of requirement of 4G Named International Mobile Telecommunication Advanced(IMT-Advanced) 1Gbps (low mobility) / 100 Mbps (high mobility) In 2011, Mobile WiMAX R2(IEEE802.16m) and LTE-A selected as 4G Root IMT Name IMT-2000 IMT-Advanced IMT-2000 + New Capabilities evolution of IMT-2000 (Mobile & Nomadic) 23 IMT-Advanced Vision IMT-Advanced Framework (ITU-R M.1645) Mobility • Data rate: New Capabilities • 1 link 100Mbps when moving, High New 1Gbps when stationary mobile IMT-2000 Enhanced access IMT-2000 • Flexibility: Enhancement • Support various environment and service New nomadic/local Low area wireless access • Functional fusion: 1 10 100 1 000 • Support interworking and interoperability 24 IMT-Advanced standard plan 2010 ‘1Q specification, 2010 ‘4Q standard draft 25 Candidates for IMT-Advanced Mobile Technologies are Converging 26 Global Wireless Standards Evolution 2G 2.5G 3G CDMA 4G CDMA CDMA2000 CDMA2000 CDMA2000 IS-95-B IS-95-A 1X 1xEV-DO 1xEV-DV • 2.4 Mbps Packet • Higher Cap Voice/ Data • Voice • Voice • High Capacity Voice • RF Backward Comp. • RF Backward Comp. • 14.4 kbps • 64 kbps Packet • 153 kbps Packet • US field trial in San- • CSD & PD • RF Backward Comp. • RF Backward Comp. Francisco and Philly • First Commercial service in Jan.2002 SK telecom in KOREA • 1/0.1 Gbps Packet TDMA IS-136 EDGE (US) LTE • Voice EDGE (Europe) Advanced • 9.6 kbps CSD • 384 kbps Packet GSM GSM GPRS W-CDMA HSPA LTE (Europe) • Voice • 114 kbps Packet • 9.6 kbps CSD • RF Backward Comp. • 20 Mbps • 300/75 Mbps W-CDMA Packet Packet PDC PDC (Japan) • Voice • Voice • High Capacity Voice • 9.6 kbps • 28.8 kbps • 384+ kbps
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