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Communications Technology Assessment for the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Control and Non-Payload Communications (CNPC) Link

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Communications Technology Assessment for the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Control and Non-Payload Communications (CNPC) Link NASA/CR—2014-216675 Communications Technology Assessment for the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Control and Non-Payload Communications (CNPC) Link Steven C. Bretmersky MTI Systems, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio William D. Bishop Verizon Federal Network Systems, LLC., Arlington, Virginia Justin E. Dailey MTI Systems, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio Christine T. Chevalier Vantage Partners, LLC, Brook Park, Ohio June 2014 NASA STI Program . in Profi le Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected advancement of aeronautics and space science. The papers from scientifi c and technical NASA Scientifi c and Technical Information (STI) conferences, symposia, seminars, or other program plays a key part in helping NASA maintain meetings sponsored or cosponsored by NASA. this important role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientifi c, The NASA STI Program operates under the auspices technical, or historical information from of the Agency Chief Information Offi cer. It collects, NASA programs, projects, and missions, often organizes, provides for archiving, and disseminates concerned with subjects having substantial NASA’s STI. The NASA STI program provides access public interest. to the NASA Aeronautics and Space Database and its public interface, the NASA Technical Reports • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- Server, thus providing one of the largest collections language translations of foreign scientifi c and of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission. Results are published in both non-NASA channels and by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which Specialized services also include creating custom includes the following report types: thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research results. • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of completed research or a major signifi cant phase For more information about the NASA STI of research that present the results of NASA program, see the following: programs and include extensive data or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of signifi cant • Access the NASA STI program home page at scientifi c and technical data and information http://www.sti.nasa.gov deemed to be of continuing reference value. NASA counterpart of peer-reviewed formal • E-mail your question to [email protected] professional papers but has less stringent limitations on manuscript length and extent of • Fax your question to the NASA STI graphic presentations. Information Desk at 443–757–5803 • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientifi c • Phone the NASA STI Information Desk at and technical fi ndings that are preliminary or 443–757–5802 of specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, working papers, and bibliographies that • Write to: contain minimal annotation. Does not contain STI Information Desk extensive analysis. NASA Center for AeroSpace Information 7115 Standard Drive • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientifi c and Hanover, MD 21076–1320 technical fi ndings by NASA-sponsored contractors and grantees. NASA/CR—2014-216675 Communications Technology Assessment for the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Control and Non-Payload Communications (CNPC) Link Steven C. Bretmersky MTI Systems, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio William D. Bishop Verizon Federal Network Systems, LLC., Arlington, Virginia Justin E. Dailey MTI Systems, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio Christine T. Chevalier Vantage Partners, LLC, Brook Park, Ohio Prepared under Contract NNC12BA01B National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio 44135 June 2014 Trade names and trademarks are used in this report for identifi cation only. Their usage does not constitute an offi cial endorsement, either expressed or implied, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Level of Review: This material has been technically reviewed by expert reviewer(s). Available from NASA Center for Aerospace Information National Technical Information Service 7115 Standard Drive 5301 Shawnee Road Hanover, MD 21076–1320 Alexandria, VA 22312 Available electronically at http://www.sti.nasa.gov Table of Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Candidate Technology Identification ......................................................................................................... 3 3 Initial Technology Review and Downselection .......................................................................................... 4 3.1 Cellular Family ..................................................................................................................................... 4 3.1.1 CDMA (IS-95A) ............................................................................................................................. 4 3.1.2 CDMAone (IS-95B) ....................................................................................................................... 5 3.1.3 Mobitex ........................................................................................................................................ 5 3.1.4 Flash-OFDM .................................................................................................................................. 5 3.2 IEEE 802 Derivatives Family ................................................................................................................ 5 3.2.1 IEEE 802.15 ................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2.2 HIPERPAN ..................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2.3 HIPERLAN ..................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2.4 HIPERMAN .................................................................................................................................... 5 3.3 Public Safety Family ............................................................................................................................ 6 3.3.1 EDACS ........................................................................................................................................... 6 3.3.2 IDEN.............................................................................................................................................. 6 3.3.3 Project MESA ................................................................................................................................ 6 3.3.4 TETRA Release 1 ........................................................................................................................... 6 3.3.5 TETRA Release 2 (TAPS) ............................................................................................................... 6 3.4 Custom Family ..................................................................................................................................... 6 3.4.1 ACARS ........................................................................................................................................... 6 3.4.2 ADL ............................................................................................................................................... 7 3.4.3 B-VHF............................................................................................................................................ 7 3.4.4 E-TDMA ........................................................................................................................................ 7 3.4.5 Gatelink ........................................................................................................................................ 7 3.4.6 HFDL ............................................................................................................................................. 7 3.4.7 AMACS.......................................................................................................................................... 7 3.4.8 Mode S ......................................................................................................................................... 7 3.4.9 UAT ............................................................................................................................................... 8 3.4.10 VDL Mode 2 ................................................................................................................................ 8 3.4.11 VDL Mode 3, xDL3, LDL, Mode 3 with SAIC ................................................................................ 8 3.4.12 VDL Mode E ................................................................................................................................ 8 3.5 Military Family .................................................................................................................................... 8 NASA/CR—2014-216675 iii 3.6 Satellite Family .................................................................................................................................... 8 3.7 Other Family ........................................................................................................................................ 9 3.7.1 Airfone ......................................................................................................................................... 9 3.7.2 AirCell ..........................................................................................................................................
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