DOCSLIB.ORG

AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 9.1 Definition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 9.1 Definition Page 1 of 8 AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 9.1 Definition: Aerospace Engineering is the primary branch of engineering concerned with the research, design, development, construction, testing, science and technology of aircraft and spacecraft. It is divided into two major and overlapping branches: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. Aeronautics deals with aircraft that operate in Earth's atmosphere, and astronautics deals with spacecraft that operate outside the Earth's atmosphere. Founded by dreamers and pioneers such as Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the field reached its maturity with launching of first artificial satellite, first man in space and first step on the Moon. Aerospace Engineering deals with the design, construction, and study of the science behind the forces and physical properties of aircraft, rockets, flying craft, and spacecraft. The field also covers their aerodynamic characteristics and behaviors, airfoil, control surfaces, lift, drag, and other properties. Aeronautical engineering was the original term for the field. As flight technology advanced to include craft operating in outer space, the broader term "aerospace engineering" has largely replaced it in common usage. Aerospace engineering, particularly the astronautics branch, is often referred to colloquially as "rocket science", such as in popular culture. Overview Flight vehicles are subjected to demanding conditions such as those produced by changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature, with structural loads applied upon vehicle components. Consequently, they are usually the products of various technological and engineering disciplines including aerodynamics, propulsion, avionics, materials science, structural analysis and manufacturing. The interaction between these technologies is known as aerospace engineering. Because of the complexity and number of disciplines involved, aerospace engineering is carried out by teams of engineers, each having their own specialised area of expertise. The development and manufacturing of a modern flight vehicle is an extremely complex process and demands careful balance and compromise between abilities, design, available technology and costs. Aerospace engineers design, test, and supervise the manufacture of aircraft, spacecraft, and missiles. Aerospace engineers develop new technologies for use in aviation, defense systems, and space. Page 2 of 8 9.2 History One of the most important people in the history of aeronautics, Cayley was a pioneer in aeronautical engineering and is credited as the first person to separate the forces of lift and drag, which are in effect on any flight vehicle. Much of the early work leading to the airplane involved gliders, and the 19th century saw dozens of glider experiments. Sir George Cayley expressed the principles of heavier-than-air flight starting in 1804, and in 1856, Jean-Marie Le Bris flew the first manned glider that climbed higher than its launch point. Le Bris did this by having a horse tow the glider along a beach. The lack of a suitable engine thwarted many early efforts at powered, heavier-than- air flight. The first successful powered flight is credited to Orville and Wilbur Wright. The brothers incorporated the concepts of lift, weight, drag and thrust from a suitably powerful engine, and three-axis control of pitch, roll and yaw. In doing so, the inventors created the first airplane able to take off and climb on its own power, fly for a significant distance and make a controlled landing. After the invention of fixed-wing airplanes, came the first rotary-wing aircraft, which include autogyros and helicopters. Based on principles first demonstrated in Chinese flying toys dating to 400 B.C., the idea of rotary-wing aircraft inspired many inventors to attempt vertical flight with rotating propellers. A number of small models powered by springs and rubber bands were built, but again, the first true helicopter had to wait for a suitably powerful engine. Helicopter and autogyro designs progressed incrementally over the next few decades. Juan de la Cierva is credited with inventing the autogyro, a type of aircraft with fixed wings that uses a rotor for lift and a propeller for thrust. His advancements in rotary design led directly to the first modern helicopter, which is generally attributed to Igor Sikorsky in 1942. Early innovators of powered, lighter-than-air craft included Jules Henri Giffard, who in 1852 flew the first steerable steam-powered airship; Charles Renard and Arthur Constantin Krebs, who in 1884 flew the first powered airship to return to its starting point; and Ferdinand von Zeppelin who built and flew the first rigid airship, in 1900. The first definition of aerospace engineering appeared in February 1958. The definition considered the Earth's atmosphere and the outer space as a single realm, thereby encompassing both aircraft (aero) and spacecraft (space) under a newly coined word aerospace. In response to the USSR launching the first satellite, Page 3 of 8 Sputnik into space on October 4, 1957, U.S. aerospace engineers launched the first American satellite on January 31, 1958. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration was founded in 1958 as a response to the Cold War. The other side of aerospace engineering is rocketry and spacecraft. The most famous pioneers in this field were Robert Goddard, who constructed and successfully launched the first liquid-fueled rocket; Werner von Braun, who developed the first ballistic missile and went on to become the first director of NASA's Marshall Flight Center; and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, who is considered the Russian father of rocketry. Several astronauts were aerospace engineers, including Kalpana Chawla, the first Indian-born woman in space, who died in the space shuttle Columbia disaster; and Neil Armstrong, the first man on the moon. Armstrong himself once said: "I am, and ever will be, a white socks, pocket protector nerdy engineer." Other well-known aerospace engineers include Boback Ferdowski, the "Mohawk Guy," who serves as flight director of NASA's Mars Curiosity rover mission, and Burt Rutan, whose company, Scaled Composites, designed SpaceShipOne, the first nongovernment manned spacecraft. 9.2 What does an aerospace engineer do? Aerospace engineers design aircraft, spacecraft, satellites and missiles, according to the BLS. In addition, these engineers test prototypes to make sure that they function according to plans. These professionals also design components and subassemblies for these craft; those parts include engines, airframes, wings, landing gear, control systems and instruments. Additionally, engineers may perform or write the specifications for destructive and nondestructive testing for strength, functionality, reliability, and long-term durability of aircraft and parts. Here are some recent developments of note in aerospace engineering: Many aerospace innovations are making their way into automobile technology, such as thermoelectric generators, which use heat to make electricity, and hydrogen fuel cells, which take hydrogen gas and mix it with oxygen to generate useful electricity, heat and water. A team of engineers has developed an algorithm that can convert brain waves into flight commands. The team hopes to make mind-controlled Page 4 of 8 aircraft a reality. Researchers are deliberately setting fires on the International Space Station to study "cool-burning" flames, which could lead to more- efficient car engines that contribute less pollution to the environment. Today's aerospace engineers still work with the basic concepts of aerodynamics, and must also have a working knowledge of aircraft power plants such piston engines, turbo props and jets, the BLS said. Astronautical engineers must also understand additional concepts, such as spacecraft propulsion systems, which include solid- and liquid-fuel rockets, along with ion drives. Manned missions require life support systems to provide air, food, water, temperature control and waste handling, so spaceflight engineers must also be familiar with these concepts. Aerospace engineering requires in-depth skills and understanding in physics, mathematics, aerodynamics and materials science. These professionals must be familiar with advanced materials such as metal alloys, ceramics, polymers and composites, the BLS said. This knowledge allows engineers to predict the performance and failure conditions of designs before they are even built. More and more, aerospace engineers rely on computer-aided design (CAD) systems for quick and easy drafting and modification of designs and 3D visualization of finished parts and assemblies. Computer simulations have become essential for performing virtual testing of engines, wings, control surfaces, and even complete aircraft and spacecraft under all possible conditions they might encounter. According to Robert Yancey, vice president of Aerospace Solutions at Altair Engineering, Inc., "Simulation is having a greater impact on defining concept designs. This is requiring design engineers, who traditionally do not have skills in simulation, to start to develop some competency in simulation." Computer simulations have greatly reduced the dangers to test pilots and the cost of failed missions. 9.3 Where do aerospace engineers work? Aerospace engineers generally work in professional office settings. They may occasionally visit manufacturing and testing facilities where a problem or piece of equipment needs their personal attention, according to the BLS. Aerospace Page 5 of 8 engineers work mostly
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2020 Aerospace Engineering Major
    Major Map: Aerospace Engineering Bachelor of Science in Engineering (B.S.E.) College of Engineering and Computing Department of Mechanical Engineering Bulletin Year: 2020-2021 This course plan is a recommended sequence for this major. Courses designated as critical (!) may have a deadline for completion and/or affect time to graduation. Please see the Program Notes section for details regarding “critical courses” for this particular Program of Study. Credit Min. Major ! Course Subject and Title Hours Grade1 GPA2 Code Prerequisites Notes Semester One (17 Credit Hours) ENGL 101 Critical Reading and Composition 3 C CC-CMW ! MATH 141 Calculus 13 4 C CC-ARP C or better in MATH 112/115/116 or Math placement test score CHEM 111 & CHEM 111L – General Chemistry I 4 C CC-SCI C or better in MATH 111/115/122/141 or higher math or Math placement test AESP 101 Intro. to Aerospace Engineering 3 * PR Carolina Core AIU4 3 CC-AIU Semester Two (18 Credit Hours) ENGL 102 Rhetoric and Composition 3 CC-CMW C or better in ENGL 101 CC-INF ! MATH 142 Calculus II 4 C CC-ARP C or better in MATH 141 CHEM 112 & CHEM 112L – General Chemistry II 4 PR C or better in CHEM 111, MATH 111/115/122/141 or higher math ! PHYS 211 & PHYS 211L – Essentials of Physics I 4 C CC-SCI C or better in MATH 141 EMCH 111 Intro. to Computer-Aided Design 3 * PR Semester Three (15 Credit Hours) ! EMCH 200 Statics 3 C * PR C or better in MATH 141 ! EMCH 201 Intro.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Evolution of the Airborne Generation of Thermal Lift in Aerostats 1783 to 1883
    Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research Volume 13 Number 1 JAAER Fall 2003 Article 1 Fall 2003 Assessing the Evolution of the Airborne Generation of Thermal Lift in Aerostats 1783 to 1883 Thomas Forenz Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/jaaer Scholarly Commons Citation Forenz, T. (2003). Assessing the Evolution of the Airborne Generation of Thermal Lift in Aerostats 1783 to 1883. Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.15394/ jaaer.2003.1559 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Forenz: Assessing the Evolution of the Airborne Generation of Thermal Lif Thermal Lift ASSESSING THE EVOLUTION OF THE AIRBORNE GENERATION OF THERMAL LIFT IN AEROSTATS 1783 TO 1883 Thomas Forenz ABSTRACT Lift has been generated thermally in aerostats for 219 years making this the most enduring form of lift generation in lighter-than-air aviation. In the United States over 3000 thermally lifted aerostats, commonly referred to as hot air balloons, were built and flown by an estimated 12,000 licensed balloon pilots in the last decade. The evolution of controlling fire in hot air balloons during the first century of ballooning is the subject of this article. The purpose of this assessment is to separate the development of thermally lifted aerostats from the general history of aerostatics which includes all gas balloons such as hydrogen and helium lifted balloons as well as thermally lifted balloons.
    [Show full text]
  • Systems Engineering Essentials (In Aerospace)
    Systems Engineering Essentials (in Aerospace) March 2, 1998 Matt Sexstone Aerospace Engineer NASA Langley Research Center currently a graduate student at the University of Virginia NASA Intercenter Systems Analysis Team Executive Summary • “Boeing wants Systems Engineers . .” • Systems Engineering (SE) is not new and integrates all of the issues in engineering • SE involves a life-cycle balanced perspective to engineering design and problem solving • An SE approach is especially useful when there is no single “correct” answer • ALL successful project team leaders and management employ SE concepts NASA Intercenter Systems Analysis Team Overview • My background • Review: definition of a system • Systems Engineering – What is it? – What isn’t it? – Why implement it? • Ten essentials in Systems Engineering • Boeing wants Systems Engineers. WHY? • Summary and Conclusions NASA Intercenter Systems Analysis Team My Background • BS Aerospace Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1990 • ME Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Manufacturing Systems Engineering, University of Virginia, 1997 • NASA B737 High-Lift Flight Experiment • NASA Intercenter Systems Analysis Team – Conceptual Design and Mission Analysis – Technology and Systems Analysis • I am not the “Swami” of Systems Engineering NASA Intercenter Systems Analysis Team Review: Definition of System • “A set of elements so interconnected as to aid in driving toward a defined goal.” (Gibson) • Generalized elements: – Environment – Sub-systems with related functions or processes – Inputs and outputs • Large-scale systems – Typically include a policy component (“beyond Pareto”) – Are high order (large number of sub-systems) – Usually complex and possibly unique NASA Intercenter Systems Analysis Team Systems Engineering is . • An interdisciplinary collaborative approach to derive, evolve, and verify a life-cycle balanced system solution that satisfies customer expectations and meets public acceptability (IEEE-STD-1220, 1994) • the absence of stupidity • i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rotating Wing Aircraft Meetings of 1938 and 1939 Were the First
    The Rotating Wing Aircraft Meetings of 1938 and 1939 This advertisement showing Pitcairn’s 1932 Tandem landing at an were the first national conferences on rotorcraft. They marked estate was typical of their strategy to market to the wealthy. “If yours a transition from a technological focus on the Autogiro to the is such an estate or if you will select a neighboring field, a Pitcairn representative will gladly demonstrate the complete practicality of helicopter. In addition, these important meetings helped to this modern American scene.” With the Great Depression wearing lay the groundwork for the founding of the American Heli- on, however, the Autogiro business was moribund by the late 1930s. copter Society. – Ed. he Rotating Wing Aircraft Meeting of October 28 This was a significant gathering for the future of – 29, 1938 at the Franklin Institute in Philadel- rotary wing flight in America, coming at a time when T phia, PA, sponsored by the Philadelphia Chapter the Autogiro movement was moribund and helicopter of the Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences (IAS, the development was just about to receive a boost with forerunner of the American Institute of Aeronautics and commencement of the just-passed Dorsey-Logan Bill. Astronautics, or AIAA), was an historic gathering of And, perhaps of greater importance, those attending – those involved, committed to and researching Autogiro, including many of the leading developers of rotary wing convertiplane and helicopter flight. It was, as described flight – were actively speculating as to the future that in the preface to the conference proceedings, “the first rotary wing flight might take.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics EXTENDED
    EXTENDED CAPABILITIES OF ZERO-PRESSURE AND SUPERPRESSURE SCIENTIFIC BALLOONING PLATFORMS E. Lee Rainwater*, Raven Industries, Inc., Sulphur Springs, Texas USA Debora A. Fairbrother†, NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia USA Michael S. Smith‡, Raven Industries, Inc., Sulphur Springs, Texas USA ABSTRACT Updated Heavy Lift Designs Balloons with maximum payloads of up to 3625 kg The 1.7 million cubic meter (60 million cubic foot) (8000 lb) have been available for many years. However, scientific balloon platform, designed and manufactured the reliability of such balloons is compromised when by Raven Industries, Inc. and funded by NASA, has flown at the maximum payload. Raven Industries, in successfully flown a payload of 680 kg (1500 lb) to a cooperation with NASA and the National Scientific float altitude of over 48.7 km (160 kft). This record- Balloon Facility (NSBF), has developed a new 1 MCM breaking flight, performed in August, 2002, greatly (36.7 MCF) heavy-load balloon design which utilizes extended the performance envelope of scientific bal- three-layer co-extruded film technologies developed for looning platforms with regard to its ability to lift sig- the ULDB program. This balloon promises to utilize the nificant payloads to extreme altitudes. This has, in turn, full gross inflation capacity of NSBF’s launch equip- generated significant interest from the scientific com- ment, while delivering the near-100% reliability associ- munity regarding the increased altitude and duration ated with existing medium-capacity balloons. capabilities of scientific ballooning platforms. Zero-pressure Ultra-high Altitude Balloons (UHABs) In order to explore future capabilities and establish a ULDB film technology also found practical application future direction for ultra high-altitude platforms, NASA 1 and Raven have partnered in a study to determine the in the 60 MCF “Big 60” balloon .
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of Aerospace Engineering Degree Courses
    Contributed paper Introduction Theorigins of the aerospaceindustry go back The origins of manycenturies. Everyone is familiar with the aerospace engineering storyof Icaruswho having designed a pairof wings,attempted to ¯y.Hewas successfulbut degree courses ¯ewtooclose to the sun,whereupon the adhesiveused as wingfastening melted due to E.C.P. Ransom and thermalradiation and his ¯ ightended in A.W. Self disaster.At the timethis wouldhave been regardedas science® ction,but clearly there was someawareness of aerodynamics(for wingdesign), adhesives and thermal radiation. The authors Inretrospect, it isapparent that before E.C.P. Ransom and A.W. Self are at Kingston University, successfulman carrying powered ¯ ightcould London, UK bedemonstrated, there had been a periodof intensestudy including experimental and Keywords theoreticalanalysis. The Royal Aeronautical Society,formed in 1866, precededthe ®rst Higher education, Aerospace engineering ¯ightby some37 years.As alearnedsociety it encouragedthe discoveryand exchange of Abstract knowledgenecessary for successful heavier The development of degree courses specically designed than air¯ ight. for aerospace engineers is described in relation to the Orvilleand Wilbur Wright, contrary to change in needs of the industry since the demonstration of popularunderstanding, were extremely powered ight. The impact of two world wars and political talentedresearch workers as wellas decisions on the way universities have been able to meet competentdesigners. T oimprovetheir the demand for graduates is discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Authenticity, Interdisciplinarity, and Mentoring for STEM Learning Environments
    International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology Volume 4, Number 1, 2016 DOI:10.18404/ijemst.78411 Lessons Learned: Authenticity, Interdisciplinarity, and Mentoring for STEM Learning Environments Mehmet C. Ayar, Bugrahan Yalvac Article Info Abstract Article History In this paper, we discuss the individuals’ roles, responsibilities, and routine activities, along with their goals and intentions in two different contexts—a Received: school science context and a university research context—using sociological 11 July 2015 lenses. We highlight the distinct characteristics of both contexts to suggest new design strategies for STEM learning environments in school science context. We Accepted: collected our research data through participant observations, field notes, group 11 October 2015 conversations, and interviews. Our findings indicate that school science practices were limited to memorizing and replicating science content knowledge through Keywords lectures and laboratory activities. Simple-structured science activities were a STEM education means to engage school science students in practical work and relate the STEM learning theoretical concepts to such work. Their routine activities were to succeed in Learning environment schooling objectives. In university research settings, the routine activities had School science interdisciplinary dimensions representing cognitive, social, and material Science communities dimensions of scientific practice. Such routine activities were missing in the practices of school science. We found that the differences between school and university research settings were primarily associated with individuals’ goals and intentions, which resulted in different social structures. In school settings, more authentic social structure can evolve if teachers trust their students and allow them to share the social and epistemic authorities through establishing mentorship.
    [Show full text]
  • Subsonic Fixed Wing Project Reference Document
    Fundamental Aeronautics Program Subsonic Fixed Wing Project Reference Document Principal Investigator: Dr. Fay Collier Project Manager: Eddie Zavala Project Scientist: Dennis Huff This document was developed over the past several months by NASA to define the rationale, scope and detailed content of a comprehensive Fundamental Aeronautics Subsonic Fixed-Wing research project. It contains reference to past work and an approach to accomplish planned work with applicable milestones, metrics and deliverables. The document also references potential opportunities for cooperation with external organizations in areas that are currently considered to be of common interest or benefit to NASA. This document should be considered a reference document and not a completed research plan. Technical Plan standards for noise and emissions, a “clean sheet” design effort exploring novel commercial 1.1 Relevance transport configurations optimized for low noise Problem Statement: This document is focused and emissions is envisioned. These concepts have on meeting the challenge to "re-establish our the potential to be radically different from today’s dedication to the mastery of the core conventional commercial transport competencies of aeronautics to develop multi- configurations. This design problem is an ideal disciplinary capabilities that will enable both application for the products of this proposal. civilian and military communities to build In response to the National Energy Policy Act of platforms that meet their specific needs." 2005, Michael Wynne (Secretary of the Air ("Reshaping NASA's Aeronautics Research Force) has created an Energy IPT chartered to Program", October 17, 2005, Dr. Lisa Porter). take a broad based approach to reduce the Air Research directed towards this challenge is Force’s energy costs through technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerospace/Software Engineer
    Aerospace Engineer or Software Engineer Summer Internship Requisition Number: 18-I-01 Job Title: Aerospace/Software Engineering Intern Career Level: Internship Location: Littleton, Colorado Relocation: No Education Required: High School GED or Diploma; Pursuing Bachelor’s Degree in Related Field Years of Experience: 0-1 years Travel: None Job Description: Oakman Aerospace, Inc. (OAI) seeks several summer interns to complete project(s) in the spaceflight industry with backgrounds in aerospace engineering, embedded systems software development, mathematics and GUI development. Successful candidates will be responsible for working under the guidance of a full-time OAI employee to complete a summer project in the aerospace industry. Candidates will have working knowledge of aerospace and/or software systems and seek to apply their skills to solve challenging problems and present the culmination of their work to executive management. Basic Qualifications: • High School GED or Diploma • Pursuing Bachelor’s Degree degree in computer science, computer engineering, electrical engineering, aerospace or related field • Strong mathematical foundation • Strong analytical and problem solving skills • Excellent interpersonal and communication skills, both written and oral. • Self-motivated and performing tasks with minimal oversight • Experience in a multi-discipline environment • Proficient in Microsoft Excel, PowerPoint, Word • Excellent verbal and written communication skills; the ability to professionally communicate and coordinate with a wide range of external program sponsors as well as internal management and administrative personnel • Sound fiscal and time management skills, attention to detail, and priority management to meet conflicting deadlines Required Skills & At least one of the following: Knowledge: • Experience working in an aerospace environment • Experience supporting flight hardware and/or software development and testing • Experience programming with C/C++ in an embedded real-time environment • Experience with software and system automation (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Aeronautics & Astronautics
    AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS AEROSPACE ENGINEERS USE THEIR KNOWLEDGE OF MATH AND SCIENCE FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLY THOSE SKILLS TO DESIGN, BUILD, AND TEST VEHICLES THAT FLY. WHAT DO AEROSPACE ENGINEERS DO? Aerospace engineers apply math and science fundamentals to design, build and test vehicles that fly. Aeronautics applies to vehicles that fly within the Earth’s atmosphere, for example, airplanes and helicopters. Astronautics focuses on vehicles that fly outside of the Earth’s atmosphere, for example, space shuttles, satellites and more. The field of aeronautics and astronautics also goes beyond flight, such as in the study of aerodynamics in automobiles UW A&A and water vehicles. OPPORTUNITIES WHAT PROBLEMS ARE AEROSPACE Students can work in the ENGINEERS TRYING TO SOLVE? Kirsten Wind Tunnel, a state- of-the-art commercial testing UW A&A specializes in four main sub disciplines: controls, fluids, structures, facility for flight vehicles. and plasma science. Study abroad to France to • How do we make navigation systems on vehicles more autonomous so we learn about aviation & space can explore places far away for longer periods of time? and to attend the annual Paris Air Show. • How can we address ice formation on vehicles so it doesn’t interfere with its All of our students participate operation? in a culminating capstone • How can we shape the fuselage and wings of an aircraft so the vehicle is design project with many more fuel efficient? industry- based options • How can we deliver drugs right to the site they’re needed AND produce them in a way that people can afford to take them? • Can we optimize this process to be more economical, environmentally friendly, and safe? WWW.AA.UW.EDU WHERE DO A&A ALUMNI WORK? Industry - The vast majority of students work in industry right Aerojet Rocketdyne, Alaska Airlines, Amazon after graduation.
    [Show full text]
  • Aeronautics. America in Space: the First Decade
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 059 057 SE 013 181 AUTHOR Anderton, David A. TITLE Aeronautics. Anterioa in Space: The First Decade. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO EP-61 PUB DATE 70 NOTE 30p. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 ($0.45) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Education; *Aerospace Technology; *Aviation Technology; Instructional Materials; Reading Materials; Research; Resource Materials; Science History; Technological Advancement IDENTIFIERS NASA ABSTRACT The major research and developments in aeronautics during the late 1950's and 1960's are reviewed descriptivelywith a minimum of technical content. Ttlpics covered include aeronautical research, aeronautics in NASA, The National Advisory Committeefor Aeronautics, the X-15 Research Airplane, variable-sweep wing design, the Supersonic Transport (SST) , hypersonic flight, today'saircraft, helicopters and V/STOL aircraft, research for spacecraft, air-breathing power plants, and reduction of engine noise. Many photographs and illustrations are utilized. (PR) U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEH REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REFRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU CATION POSITION OR POLICY National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration America In Space: k. ^: The First Decade 6 by David A. Anderton National Aeronautics and
    [Show full text]
  • Aerospace Engineering
    AEROSPACE ENGINEERING WWW.BIRMINGHAM.AC.UK/AEROSPACE OUR PROGRAMMES UCAS CODE Single Honours BEng Aerospace Engineering H400 MEng Aerospace Engineering H402 Accredited by In 2018, civil aviation was responsible for transporting 4.4 billion travellers worldwide. The number of passengers is expected to grow at a rate of 3–5% every year, doubling by 2035. Although downturns happen due to global events such as pandemics, civil aviation typically recovers quickly after such events. Space transport is also becoming increasingly important: ever-more companies are specialising in cheaper sub-orbital and orbital flights, both for leisure and to deliver state-of-the-art satellites. This growing industry will require skilled graduates who will be centre stage in solving important technological challenges. WHY STUDY AEROSPACE ENGINEERING WITH US? ACADEMIC PROFILE n Exciting new programme, building on our experience across many aspects of Professor Alison aerospace engineering, including materials, Davenport OBE spacecraft design, propulsion and battery Head of school technology n Research-led teaching, with many lecturers 'Aerospace is an ever-exciting branch of actively working with industry on real-world engineering, providing plenty of stimulating applications career opportunities for graduates. As we n Opportunities to do paid placements both move into the future, aerospace engineers within our research groups and at our will have a central role in making society industrial partners more sustainable. I find the prospect of n Flexible programme structure, with optional hybrid and whole-electric planes particularly module choices and opportunities to do stimulating. Many challenges will have intercalated years in industry, abroad, or to be overcome. For hybrid planes, developing advanced computer science jet engines will have to be miniaturised in and programming skills order to act as on-board power stations, n Accredited by IOM3, which gives our and provide enough power for fans driven students a clear pathway to become by electric motors.
    [Show full text]