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A Study of the Collected Longer Poems of Kenneth Rexroth. Samuel Baity Garren Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

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A Study of the Collected Longer Poems of Kenneth Rexroth. Samuel Baity Garren Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1976 Quest for Value: a Study of the Collected Longer Poems of Kenneth Rexroth. Samuel Baity Garren Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Garren, Samuel Baity, "Quest for Value: a Study of the Collected Longer Poems of Kenneth Rexroth." (1976). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2964. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2964 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 76-28,805 GARREN, Samuel Baity, 1943- QUEST FOR VALUE: A STUDY OF THE COLLECTED LONGER POEMS OF KENNETH REXROTH. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1976 Literature, modern Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 © 1976 SAMUEL BAITY GARREN ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. QUEST FOR VALUE: A STUDY OF THE COLLECTED LONGER POEMS OF KENNETH REKROTH A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of English by Samuel Baity Garren B.A., Davidson College, 1965 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1967 August, 1976 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I am indebted to Professor Thomas L. Watson for his guidance and encouragement in the completion of this work. I am also grateful to Professor Donald E. Stanford and Professor Fabian Gudas for their helpful criticisms. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGMENT....................................................ii ABSTRACT .......................................................... iv INTRODUCTION.................................... vi CHAPTER I. THE HOMESTEAD CALLED DAMASCUS (1920-1925) 1 II. A PROLEGOMENON TO A THEODICY (1925-1927).............. 52 III. THE PHOENIX AND THE TORTOISE (1940-1944).............. 127 IV. THE DRAGON AND THE UNICORN (1944-1950)................. 196 V. THE HEART'S GARDEN, THE GARDEN'S HEART (1967) 294 VI. CRITICAL EVALUATION .................................... 363 BIBLIOGRAPHY.....................................................382 VITA ............................................................. 391 iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT This study is an analysis and evaluation of the five poems included in The Collected Longer Poems of Kenneth Rexroth (1968). The dissertation examines separately each poem and traces the basic devel­ opment of the entire series. The subject of Kenneth Rexroth's first longer poem, The Homestead Called Damascus (1920-1925), is the adventures of twin brothers, Thomas and Sebastian Damascan, and in his search for personal identity, Rexroth uses these twins to embody contrasting aspects of his personality. The first chapter identifies the major conflicts within Rexroth presented by this poem and determines whether or not he achieves any lasting resolution. The theme of A Prolegomenon to a Theodicy (1925-1927) is the attempt to achieve and maintain a transcendent experience. Chapter II analyzes the steps in this progress toward illumination and analyzes and evaluates the aims, methods, and effectiveness of the style of literary Cubism used throughout A Prolegomenon to a Theodicy. Chapter III examines Rexroth's search in the third longer poem, The Phoenix and the Tortoise (1940-1944), for an enduring value amidst personal despair and social catastrophe. This chapter focuses primarily on Rexroth's meditation upon the meaning of history, the value which he finally affirms, and the reassessment of this position in the pendant to The Phoenix and the Tortoise entitled "Past and Future Turn About." Rexroth's fourth longer poem, The Dragon and the Unicorn (1944- 1950), presents a trip across the United States to Great Britain, France, iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. and Italy, and back to California. Rexroth intersperses concrete descriptions of this trip with the exposition of a comprehensive philos­ ophy of life. Chapter IV analyzes the interpretation of Western culture which unfolds during these travels and discusses the principal elements of Rexroth's world view. Rexroth's fifth longer poem, The Heart's Garden. The Garden's Heart (1967), describes his activities in and around the Zen Buddhist temple of Daikotu-ji in Kyoto, Japan. The settings of the two addenda to this poem are Mount Calvary Monastery near Santa Barbara, California, and the chapel of the Cowley Fathers Order in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The theme of The Heart's Garden, The Garden's Heart is the relationship between visionary experience and objective reality, between permanence and change. Chapter V examines the aging poet's attitudes toward human existence, death, and enlightenment, the influence of the Japanese N5 theatre on the composition of the poem, and the major theme of The Collected Longer Poems summarized in the two additional poems. A brief critical evaluation concludes this study and focuses on the most important influences on Rexroth's philosophy of life, his view of poetry, and the stylistic quality of the longer poems. In his personal quest for integrity, Rexroth manages a positive response to the doubt and destructiveness of the modern world. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INTRODUCTION In the introduction to The Collected Longer Poems, Kenneth Rexroth says,"all the sections of this book now seem to me almost as much one long poem as The Cantos or Paterson .... Most poets resemble Whitman in one regard--they write only one book and that an interior autobio­ graphy ."'1 Rexrovh is typical, in many ways, of the modern artist who judges and evaluates his age in terms of his own experience and embodies that experience in his art as a religious quest. The development of the poet's personality is the subject of each of the five poems which comprise The Collected Longer Poems, and in my study I intend to show that the search for a value which can give meaning to life is the unifying theme of the complete work. This study is important because in the process of achieving personal integrity, Rexroth establishes a comprehensive philo­ sophy of life which makes a positive response to the crisis of belief in the modern world and maintains the importance of spiritual experience in human life. I shall examine each poem separately and as a stage in Rexroth's quest for an integrated character and an enduring system of value. My critical approach is both analytical and evaluative. I shall analyze the meaning of each poem and attempt to determine its artistic quality, concent.ating on the unity of the individual work and Rexroth's use
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