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Chinese Porcelain and the East – West Trade Routes Quaderni delle Collezioni Museali de “L’Orientale” 2 Frammenti di Cina a cura di Lucia Caterina e Chiara Visconti Napoli 2021 Direzione Comitato di redazione Lucia CATERINA Arturo ANNUCCI Noemi BORRELLI Comitato scientifico Gilda FERRANDINO Elena CORRADINI Giulia FORGIONE Maria Vittoria FONTANA Christian GRECO Pubblicazione / Publishing Lucio MILANO Ufficio Affari Interni e Pubbliche Relazioni Giovanni VERARDI Università degli studi di Napoli “L’Orientale” Comitato editoriale Traduzioni in inglese / English translations Matteo DELLE DONNE Graham SELLS Roberta GIUNTA Simonetta GRAZIANI Romolo LORETO ISBN Andrea MANZO 978-88-6719-220-5 Chiara VISCONTI Info Segretario di redazione www.museorientale.unior.it Matteo DELLE DONNE [email protected] This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License UniorPress Via Nuova Marina, 59 - 80133, Napoli Indice / Summary LUCIA CATERINA, CHIARA VISCONTI . 5 Introduzione Introduction Ringraziamenti . 9 Acknowledgements LUCIA CATERINA . 11 La porcellana cinese e le rotte commerciali tra Oriente e Occidente Chinese porcelain and the East – West trade routes ELENA MACRÌ . 35 Pittura cinese: materiali, formati, generi, tecniche e stili Chinese painting: materials, formats, genres, techniques and styles ANDREA MONTELLA . 69 I mausolei di epoca Tang The mausolea of the Tang period CHIARA VISCONTI . 89 Brevi note su una statua lignea del bodhisattva Guanyin Some brief considerations on the wooden statue of the bodhisattva Guanyin SERGIO MUZZUPAPPA . 99 La mappa della Cina di Matteo Ripa Matteo Ripa’s map of China CHIARA VISCONTI . 119 Celebrazioni per un compleanno: culto della longevità e arte sino-tibetana alla corte di Qianlong Birthday celebrations: the longevity cult and Sino-Tibetan art at the court of Qianlong GIORGIO AMITRANO . 147 La calligrafia giapponese Japanese calligraphy Introduzione / Introduction LUCIA CATERINA, CHIARA VISCONTI Il secondo numero dei Quaderni del- The second issue of the Quaderni le collezioni museali de “L’Orien- delle collezioni museali de “L’Ori- tale” è dedicato alla sezione cinese entale” is dedicated to the Chinese illustrata da oggetti databili alle epo- section illustrated with objects dat- che Ming (1368-1644) e Qing (1644- ing back to the Ming (1368-1644) 1911) provenienti da lasciti di docenti and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties e di privati, ai quali si affiancano ma- originating from the bequests of teriali didattici utilizzati nei laborato- professors and private individuals, ri per gli studenti. together with didactic materials L’esemplare più importante del- used in the workshops for students. la raccolta è una grande mappa del- The most important item in the la Cina realizzata nel 1719 da Mat- collection is a large map of Chi- teo Ripa (1682-1746) durante il suo na made in 1719 by Matteo Ripa soggiorno alla corte dell’Imperato- (1682-1746) during his stay at the re Kangxi. Dall’esperienza cinese court of Emperor Kangxi. Ripa’s di Ripa nasce nel 1732 il Collegio experience in China led to the cre- dei Cinesi e degli Indiani da cui de- ation in 1732 of the Collegio dei Ci- riva l’odierna Università degli studi nesi from which today’s University di Napoli “L’Orientale”. of Naples “L’Orientale” derives. La mappa, riportata a Napoli nel The map, brought back to Naples 1724, è stata conservata, da allora, in 1724, has since been kept in the nelle varie sedi dell’Università. Si various premises of the University. It tratta dell’unico esemplare di carta is the only example of a map of Chi- della Cina i cui vari fogli, con to- na the various sheets of which, with ponimi scritti in cinese e mancese, place names written in Chinese and sono stati montati su un supporto in Manchu, are mounted on a support modo da poterla esporre. La mappa for the purpose of display. viene presentata in questo volume The Map is presented in this vol- da Sergio Muzzupappa del Centro ume by Sergio Muzzupappa of the Matteo Ripa dell’Orientale. Matteo Ripa Centre of the Univer- Non si può parlare di Cina, al- sity of Naples “L’Orientale”. meno in Europa, senza pensare alla One cannot speak of China, at porcellana, prodotto molto apprez- least in Europe, without thinking of zato e richiesto dal mercato. Le pri- porcelain, a product much appreci- 6 Lucia Caterina, Chiara Visconti me esportazioni dirette, gestite dai ated and in demand on the market. portoghesi, faranno conoscere la The first direct exports, managed porcellana bianca e blu e il celadon. by the Portuguese, made blue and Il Museo custodisce una settan- white and celadon known to the tina di frammenti provenienti da Western world. una raccolta di superficie effettuata The Museum houses about sev- negli anni settanta del Novecento a enty fragments deriving from sur- Hormuz sul Golfo Persico, uno de- face collection carried out in the gli empori portoghesi stabiliti lun- 1970s at Hormuz on the Persian go la rotta per l’Asia Orientale. A Gulf, one of the Portuguese empo- questi frammenti si affiancano dieci ria established along the route to pezzi integri di porcellana bianca e East Asia. blu del tipo d’esportazione denomi- In addition to these fragments nato kraakporselein dal nome dato there are ten intact pieces of blue and dagli olandesi che si sostituiscono white porcelain of the export type ai portoghesi nei commerci con called kraakporselein, thus named l’Oriente. Il catalogo del Museo, by the Dutch, who replaced the Por- pubblicato nel 2012 e riedito nel tuguese in trade with the East. 2018, ha già dato ampio conto degli The Museum catalogue, pub- esemplari in esposizione. lished in 2012 and reissued in 2018, Lucia Caterina, in questa sede, has already given ample account of ha delineato il contesto storico in- the items on display. ternazionale e le rotte mercantili tra In this Quaderno Lucia Caterina Occidente e Oriente percorse, dal outlines the international context and Cinquecento in poi, dalle navi di the merchant routes between West vari paesi europei che impararono a and East traversed from the sixteenth gestire in modo proficuo gli scambi century on by the ships of the various commerciali. European countries that learned to Il dono, da parte di Francesco manage the trade profitably. De Sio Lazzari, di una statuetta del Francesco De Sio Lazzari’s gift Buddha Amitāyus in bronzo dorato, of a gilded statuette of the Buddha datata 1770, è l’argomento di uno Amitāyus, dated 1770, is the subject studio di Chiara Visconti sull’i- of a study by Chiara Visconti on the conografia di questo Buddha e sul iconography of this Buddha and ruolo che ricopriva nell’immagina- the role he played in the collective rio legato alle celebrazioni dei com- imaginings associated with imperi- pleanni imperiali. al birthday celebrations. La donazione più recente giunta al The most recent donation to the Museo, da parte di Annamaria D’A- Museum, by Annamaria D’Agostino Introduzione / Introduction 7 gostino Bonito Oliva, è una scultu- Bonito Oliva, is a wooden sculpture ra lignea raffigurante il bodhisattva depicting the bodhisattva Guanyin, Guanyin, oggetto di una riflessione the subject of a preliminary study preliminare di Chiara Visconti che by Chiara Visconti that examines esamina le tematiche relative all’am- issues regarding the stylistic back- bito stilistico e le controverse datazio- ground and controversial datings ni derivate dalle analisi di laboratorio. based on laboratory analysis. Fanno parte della collezione anche Also belonging to the collection alcuni materiali destinati ad uso didat- are some materials intended for di- tico e illustrativo, che hanno offerto dactic and illustrative use, which ad Andrea Montella ed Elena Macrì prompted the essays by Andrea lo spunto per i loro saggi su due fon- Montella and Elena Macrì on two damentali espressioni dell’arte cinese. fundamental expressions of Chi- L’arte funeraria è l’argomento nese art. del contributo di Andrea Montella. Funerary art is the subject of I contesti tombali rappresentano Andrea Montella’s paper. Tomb un altro capitolo fondamentale per contexts represent another major la conoscenza della Cina antica in source for our knowledge of Chi- un paese in cui l’architettura lignea nese art in a country where wood- ha lasciato molto poco delle anti- en architecture has left very little che costruzioni. La riproduzione of the ancient buildings. Thus re- di una delle più importanti tombe production of one of the most im- imperiali della dinastia Tang, quel- portant imperial tombs of the Tang la del Principe Yide (706), consente dynasty, that of Prince Yide (706), perciò di analizzare un imponente offers us the opportunity to ana- monumento sepolcrale, modellato lyze an imposing burial monument, come una fastosa dimora sotterra- modelled as a sumptuous under- nea accompagnata da un ricco cor- ground dwelling accompanied by redo del quale si conservano unica- rich grave goods of which only the mente i dipinti murali e le statuine wall paintings and funerary terra- funerarie in terracotta. cotta statuettes are preserved. In Cina le uniche espressioni arti- In China the only artistic expres- stiche degne di essere tramandate con sions worthy of being handed down i nomi degli autori sono la calligra- with the names of the authors are fia e la pittura, le arti per eccellenza, calligraphy and painting, the arts par praticate dal letterato durante i suoi excellence, practiced by the literati momenti di svago e di incontro con during their leisure time and meet- amici e che assolutamente non devo- ings with friends; on no account were no costituire oggetto di lucro. they to yield any profit. 8 Lucia Caterina, Chiara Visconti La presenza nel Museo di nu- The presence in the Museum of merose riproduzioni serigrafiche di numerous silkscreen reproductions dipinti famosi, ha rappresentato per of some famous paintings prompt- Elena Macrì lo spunto per illustrare ed Elena Macrì to illustrate the de- lo sviluppo dei diversi generi, ma- velopment of the different genres, teriali, formati, tecniche e stili della materials, formats, techniques and pittura cinese.
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