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Why Youtube Buffers: the Secret Deals That Make—And Break—Online Video When Isps and Video Providers Fight Over Money, Internet Users Suffer
Why YouTube buffers: The secret deals that make—and break—online video When ISPs and video providers fight over money, Internet users suffer. Lee Hutchinson has a problem. My fellow Ars writer is a man who loves to watch YouTube videos— mostly space rocket launches and gun demonstrations, I assume—but he never knows when his home Internet service will let him do so. "For at least the past year, I've suffered from ridiculously awful YouTube speeds," Hutchinson tells me. "Ads load quickly—there's never anything wrong with the ads!—but during peak times, HD videos have been almost universally unwatchable. I've found myself having to reduce the quality down to 480p and sometimes even down to 240p to watch things without buffering. More recently, videos would start to play and buffer without issue, then simply stop buffering at some point between a third and two-thirds in. When the playhead hit the end of the buffer—which might be at 1:30 of a six-minute video—the video would hang for several seconds, then simply end. The video's total time would change from six minutes to 1:30 minutes and I'd be presented with the standard 'related videos' view that you see when a video is over." Hutchinson, a Houston resident who pays Comcast for 16Mbps business-class cable, is far from alone. As one Ars reader recently complained, "YouTube is almost unusable on my [Verizon] FiOS connection during peak hours." Another reader responded, "To be fair, it's unusable with almost any ISP." Hutchinson's YouTube playback has actually gotten better in recent weeks. -
Separation of Telstra: Economic Considerations, International Experience
WIK-Consult Report Study for the Competitive Carriers‟ Coalition Separation of Telstra: Economic considerations, international experience Authors: J. Scott Marcus Dr. Christian Wernick Kenneth R. Carter WIK-Consult GmbH Rhöndorfer Str. 68 53604 Bad Honnef Germany Bad Honnef, 2 June 2009 Functional Separation of Telstra I Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Economic and policy background on various forms of separation 4 3 Case studies on different separation regimes 8 3.1 The Establishment of Openreach in the UK 8 3.2 Functional separation in the context of the European Framework for Electronic Communication 12 3.3 Experiences in the U.S. 15 3.3.1 The Computer Inquiries 15 3.3.2 Separate affiliate requirements under Section 272 17 3.3.3 Cellular separation 18 3.3.4 Observations 20 4 Concentration and cross-ownership in the Australian marketplace 21 4.1 Characteristics of the Australian telecommunications market 22 4.2 Cross-ownership of fixed, mobile, and cable television networks 27 4.3 The dominant position of Telstra on the Australian market 28 5 An assessment of Australian market and regulatory characteristics based on Three Criteria Test 32 5.1 High barriers to entry 33 5.2 Likely persistence of those barriers 35 5.3 Inability of other procompetitive instruments to address the likely harm 38 5.4 Conclusion 38 6 The way forward 39 6.1 Regulation or separation? 40 6.2 Structural separation, or functional separation? 42 6.3 What kind of functional separation? 44 6.3.1 Overview of the functional separation 44 6.3.2 What services and assets should be assigned to the separated entity? 47 6.3.3 How should the separation be implemented? 49 Bibliography 52 II Functional Separation of Telstra Recommendations Recommendation 1. -
Stellungnahme Der Deutsche Telekom AG Zum Entwurf Einer Neuen Förderrichtlinie „Mobilfunkförderung“ Des Bundes Vom 22.07.2020
Stellungnahme der Deutsche Telekom AG zum Entwurf einer neuen Förderrichtlinie „Mobilfunkförderung“ des Bundes vom 22.07.2020 Der Mobilfunkausbau in Deutschland wird von den privatwirtschaftlichen Ausbauplänen der Mobilfunkbetreiber getragen. Die Telekom ist einer der wesentlichen Akteure dieses Ausbaus. Die Telekom investiert jedes Jahr über EUR 5 Mrd. in den Netzausbau in Deutsch- land – deutlich mehr als alle Wettbewerber. Dazu gehört der Bau von tausenden neuer Mobilfunkstandorte pro Jahr und Upgrades bestehender Masten. Zur Verbesserung der Netzabdeckung auch gerade in weißen Flecken kooperiert die Telekom auch mit den ande- ren beiden Mobilfunknetzbetreibern Vodafone und Telefónica. Hinzu kommt der bundes- weite Ausbau von Glasfasernetzen im Festnetz. Dieser privatwirtschaftliche Netzausbau ist im Kern wettbewerblich getrieben. Die Tele- kom betreibt bereits heute ein hochleistungsfähiges Mobilfunknetz, mit ausgezeichneter Übertragungsqualität und einer Netzabdeckung der Bevölkerung mit LTE von bundesweit über 98 %. Die ambitionierte Ausbaupläne der Telekom verfolgen unter der Maßgabe „5G bis 2025“ das Ziel, diese Spitzenposition im deutschen Mobilfunkmarkt zu halten und 99% der Haushalte und 90% der Fläche mit 5G zu versorgen und so sowohl die Coverage unseres Netzes zu erhöhen als auch den stetig steigenden Erwartungen unserer Kunden an mobile Datenmengen und Übertragungsqualitäten zu genügen.1 Zusätzlich zu diesen wettbewerblichen Anreizen hat sich die Telekom, wie die anderen Mo- bilfunknetzbetreiber, zu hohen Versorgungsauflagen verpflichtet, die der Frequenzauktion 2019 zugrunde lagen. Im Mobilfunkgipfel 2018 haben sich die Mobilfunknetzbetreiber zu- dem zu einem Netzausbau verpflichtet, der sogar noch über diese Auflagen hinausgeht: Die TDG wird zusammen mit Vodafone und Telefónica bis Ende 2020 99% der Haushalte bun- desweit und bis Ende 2021 99% der Haushalte in jedem Bundesland erschließen. -
Press Releases, SEC Filings, Recent News, Financial Results, and Other Announcements
Press Contact: Shannon N. Booker Ciena Corporation +1 (410) 865-8570 [email protected] Investor Contact: Gregg Lampf Ciena Corporation +1 (410) 694-5700 [email protected] FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Tele2 Netherlands Improves Network Performance Using Ciena’s WaveLogic Ai Spike in mobile data usage drives the need for an adaptive network that scales up to 400G HANOVER, Md. – September 10, 2018 – Tele2 Netherlands, a leading regional telecommunications service provider, recently deployed Ciena’s (NYSE: CIEN) WaveLogic Ai coherent optical solution to increase the capacity of its network, lower operating costs and support a tremendous increase in mobile video data traffic driven by Netflix™ and YouTube™. Key Facts: • Tele2 Netherlands is a telecommunications service provider supporting the Dutch market. Tele2 Netherlands services both domestic and large enterprise customers, and manages a portfolio of fixed telephone, mobile phone, broadband and digital television products. • Using Ciena’s 6500 packet-optical platform powered by WaveLogic Ai, the industry’s first programmable coherent modem that can scale to 400Gbps per wavelength, Tele2 Netherlands can deploy 300G and 400G wavelengths across most of its existing network. The platform enables Tele2 Netherlands to effectively address a significant surge of mobile data usage from customers who are taking advantage of the service provider’s unlimited bundles for voice and mobile internet services. • WaveLogic Ai enables Tele2 Netherlands to leverage existing network assets and deliver up to forty times the bandwidth the network was originally designed to support. The service provider also benefits from a smaller footprint, reduced cost per bit and power consumption and lower cooling requirements. -
Jon James to Leave Tele2 Following the Merger in the Netherlands
Jon James to leave Tele2 following the merger in the Netherlands Stockholm – Tele2 AB (Tele2) (Nasdaq Stockholm: TEL2 A and TEL2 B) today announces that Jon James, Executive Vice President and former CEO Tele2 Netherlands leaves the Leadership Team and Tele2 at the end of June. Following the merger of Tele2 and T-Mobile in the Netherlands, announced on January 2nd2019, Jon James, Executive Vice President and former CEO Tele2 Netherlands, will officially leave Tele2 at the end of June 2019. – Jon joined Tele2 in 2017 and has been a crucial driver behind the turnaround of Tele2’s Dutch operations, ultimately culminating with the merger. Jon and I have worked together for many years and he has contributed greatly to both the success of Com Hem and Tele2 in his two most recent positions. I want to thank Jon for his leadership and engagement, and I wish him the best of luck in whatever challenges he will take on in the future, says Anders Nilsson, President and CEO, Tele2. – It is a source of great satisfaction to have secured, in just two years, a significant organizational transformation of Tele2 Netherlands plus the successful T-Mobile merger with an unconditional European clearance. This reflects great credit on the Tele2 team, in particular my Dutch colleagues, and I wish them all the best for the future, says Jon James, Executive Vice President and former CEO Tele2 Netherlands. For more information, please contact: Joel Ibson, Head of Corporate Communications, Tele2 AB, Phone: +46 766 26 44 00 Erik Strandin Pers, Head of Investor Relations, Tele2 AB, Phone: +46 733 41 41 88 TELE2’S MISSION IS TO FEARLESSLY LIBERATE PEOPLE TO LIVE A MORE CONNECTED LIFE. -
ITU Operational Bulletin Telecommunication Union
International ITU Operational Bulletin Telecommunication Union No. 850 15.XII.2005 (Information received by 8 December 2005) Table of Contents Page General information Lists annexed to the ITU Operational Bulletin: Note from TSB.............................................................. 2 Approval of ITU-T Recommendations................................................................................................... 3 Assignment of Signalling Area/Network Codes (SANC) (ITU-T Recommendation Q.708 (03/1999)): Note from TSB).................................................................................................................................. 4 International Public Telecommunication Numbering Plan (ITU-T Recommendation E.164 (02/2005)): Identification Codes for International Networks ................................................................................ 5 Telephone Service: Afghanistan (Ministry of Communications (MoC), Kabul)............................................................. 5 Denmark (National IT and Telecom Agency (NITA), Copenhagen) ............................................... 6 Egypt (National Telecom Regulatory Authority (NTRA), Cairo) ..................................................... 6 New Zealand (Ministry of Economic Development, Wellington) ................................................... 8 Niger (Société Nigérienne des Télécommunications (SONITEL), Niamey)...................................... 9 Service Restrictions: Note from TSB .................................................................................................... -
US and Plaintiff States V. Deutsche Telekom AG, Et
Case 1:19-cv-02232 Document 1 Filed 07/26/19 Page 1 of 13 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Department of Justice, Antitrust Division 450 5th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20530 STATE OF KANSAS, 120 S.W. 10th Avenue, 2nd Floor Topeka, Kansas 66612-1597 STATE OF NEBRASKA, Case No. 2115 State Capitol Lincoln, Nebraska 68509 Filed: STATE OF OHIO, 150 East Gay Street, 22nd Floor Columbus, Ohio 43215 STATE OF OKLAHOMA, 313 N.E. 21st Street Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105-4894 and STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA, 1302 E. Highway 14, Suite 1 Pierre, South Dakota 57501-8501 Plaintiffs, v. DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 140 Bonn, Germany 53113 T-MOBILE US, INC., 12920 SE 38th Street Bellevue, Washington 98006 SOFTBANK GROUP CORP. 1-9-1 Higashi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 105-7303 Case 1:19-cv-02232 Document 1 Filed 07/26/19 Page 2 of 13 and SPRINT CORPORATION 6200 Sprint Parkway, Overland Park, Kansas 66251-4300 Defendants. COMPLAINT The United States of America and the States of Kansas, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, and South Dakota (“Plaintiff States”) bring this civil antitrust action to prevent the merger of T- Mobile and Sprint, two of the four national facilities-based mobile wireless carriers in the United States. The United States and Plaintiff States allege as follows: I. NATURE OF THE ACTION 1. Mobile wireless service is an integral part of modern American life. The average American household spends over $1,000 a year on mobile wireless service, not including the additional costs of wireless devices, applications, media content, and accessories. -
Corporate Governance Report 2017 Corporate Governance Report 2017
Corporate Governance Report 2017 Corporate Governance Report 2017 Tele2 in brief Tele2 AB (publ) (“Tele2” or the “company”) has 15 million custom- mandatory law and rules, applies Nasdaq Stockholm’s Rule Book for ers in seven countries and offers mobile services, fixed broadband Issuers Nasdaq Stockholm and the Swedish Corporate Governance and telephony, data network services, content services and global Code (“the Code”). IoT solutions. In 2017, the company had net sales of SEK 25 (21) bil- This Corporate Governance Report is published separately lion and reported EBITDA of SEK 6.4 (5.4) billion. Tele2's divestment from the Annual Report and prepared in accordance with the of its Austrian operations to Hutchison Drei Austria GmbH (Three Swedish Annual Accounts Act and the provisions of the Code. Austria) was closed on October 31, 2017. On December 15, 2017, Previous years’ Corporate Governance Reports and other corporate Tele2 and Deutsche Telekom agreed to combine Tele2 Netherlands governance documents are available on the corporate website, and T-Mobile Netherlands where Tele2 will hold a 25% share www.tele2.com. The Code is based on the principle of comply or in the combined company. Tele2 Austria and Tele2 Netherlands explain, which means that companies can deviate from single rules have been reported as discontinued operations and therefore not in the Code, provided that they offer an explanation for the devia- included above. Tele2 is a Swedish limited liability company with tion. Tele2 has not deviated from the Code during 2017. shares listed on the Nasdaq Stockholm and thus, in addition to Overview of corporate governance at Tele2 Sound corporate governance at Tele2 means the establishment supports the understanding and monitoring of the development of of an appropriate framework for decision making, assignment of the company. -
Anticipated Acquisition by BT Group Plc of EE Limited
Anticipated acquisition by BT Group plc of EE Limited Appendices and glossary Appendix A: Terms of reference and conduct of the inquiry Appendix B: Industry background Appendix C: Financial performance of companies Appendix D: Regulation Appendix E: Transaction and merger rationale Appendix F: Retail mobile Appendix G: Spectrum, capacity, and speed Appendix H: Fixed-mobile bundles Appendix I: Wholesale mobile: total foreclosure analysis Appendix J: Wholesale mobile: partial foreclosure analysis Appendix K: Mobile backhaul: input foreclosure Appendix L: Retail fixed broadband: Market A Appendix M: Retail broadband: superfast broadband Glossary APPENDIX A Terms of reference and conduct of the inquiry Terms of reference 1. In exercise of its duty under section 33(1) of the Enterprise Act 2002 (the Act) the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) believes that it is or may be the case that: (a) arrangements are in progress or in contemplation which, if carried into effect, will result in the creation of a relevant merger situation in that: (i) enterprises carried on by, or under the control of, BT Group plc will cease to be distinct from enterprises currently carried on by, or under the control of, EE Limited; and (ii) section 23(1)(b) of the Act is satisfied; and (b) the creation of that situation may be expected to result in a substantial lessening of competition within a market or markets in the United Kingdom (the UK) for goods or services, including the supply of: (i) wholesale access and call origination services to mobile virtual network operators; and (ii) fibre mobile backhaul services to mobile network operators. -
Narrowband-Iot: Pushing the Boundaries of Iot
Narrowband-IoT: pushing the boundaries of IoT Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) is a new standard connecting internet of things projects. vodafone.com/iot/nb-iot The future is exciting. Ready? Executive summary This paper gives technical decision-makers an overview of NB-IoT, the communications technology that will underpin industrial-grade internet of things deployments. Introducing LPWA and NB-IoT Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) describes a category of wireless communication technologies designed to support internet of things (IoT) deployments. LPWA technologies are designed to deliver: Strong coverage over large areas, Great power efficiency, so devices Massive scale, connecting even when devices are underground can run on batteries for 10 years or potentially millions of devices at once or deep within buildings more without a charge in a single deployment Low cost communications Low bandwidth, with most use cases hardware, enabling data collection requiring just a few bytes of data to be devices to be built for less than $10 transmitted per device per day A number of different technologies have been developed to fulfil LPWA requirements, and we believe Narrowband For more detail about LPWA, NB-IoT and its IoT (NB-IoT) not only offers enterprise-grade technical competition, see page 5. specifications, but is also the practical choice for carriers, device manufacturers and ultimately enterprise users. To understand why NB-IoT is uniquely suited to business IoT deployments, we compare NB-IoT against two LPWA alternatives, LoRa and Sigfox. Narrowband-IoT 2 2017 Key findings The evolution of the Internet of Things means that there is an urgent need for a low- power way to connect thousands of devices in field. -
19Q3 Deutsche Telekom ISP EN.Indd
CUSTOMER CASE STUDY DEUTSCHE TELEKOM ISP GENERATES GREAT DEMAND WITH NEW APPROACH FOR DIGITAL WORKPLACES IT landscapes and processes for ordering and delivering apps tailored to local requirements and not designed to be as easy to use and quick to deploy as possible: This is how the IT structure CUSTOMER for digital workspaces at Deutsche Telekom's subsidiaries looked DEUTSCHE TELEKOM INDIVIDUAL in the past. The aim of the initially small IT team at Deutsche SOLUTIONS & PRODUCTS GMBH Telekom Individual Solutions & Products (ISP) GmbH was to WEB SITE make this landscape more fl exible, agile and consistent. A WWW.TELEKOM.COM/DE paradigm shift was the fi rst step: the focus should be on the INDUSTRY employee, not the IT architecture. An exceptionally close TELCO & SERVICE PROVIDER collaboration between Deutsche Telekom ISP and VMware LOCATION resulted in a multifaceted, yet modern and fresh solution. Today, BONN, GERMANY employees can download applications individually through a self- service app catalog on any device from any location. The solution KEY CHALLENGES • Deutsche Telekom's subsidiaries did has proven to be a great success: many of Telekom's external use di erent platforms for digital customers with partly more than 50,000 employees are now on workplaces a waiting list to implement the innovative solution. • The workplace environment of the various Deutsche Telekom Deutsche Telekom Individual Solutions & Products (ISP) GmbH is part of subsidiaries has grown historically Deutsche Telekom AG - one of the world's leading telecommunications and has been optimized for local companies with approximately 178 million mobile communications customers, requirements and e ciency. -
Dl-Studiemoodys-Data.Pdf
CORPORATES CREDIT OPINION Deutsche Telekom AG 21 June 2021 Update following outlook change to stable Update Summary Deutsche Telekom AG's (Deutsche Telekom) Baa1 rating primarily reflects the company's large size and scale; its geographical diversification in Germany, the US, and Central and Eastern Europe; its strong market positions across its geographical footprint, despite the potential for increased competition; its high capital spending requirements, given the low fibre coverage in RATINGS Germany; and the marginal impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the company's operating Deutsche Telekom AG performance. Domicile Bonn, Germany Long Term Rating Baa1 Deutsche Telekom’s rating also factors in management’s financial policy that includes a Type Senior Unsecured - Fgn leverage comfort zone of net debt/EBITDA (as reported by the company) between 2.25x and Curr 2.75x (equivalent to Moody’s-adjusted net leverage of around 3.0x); its continued commitment Outlook Stable towards the net leverage corridor and deleveraging after the consolidation of T-Mobile USA, Please see the ratings section at the end of this report Inc. (T-Mobile USA, Ba2 stable); the strong evolution of the company's US subsidiary, the for more information. The ratings and outlook shown group's key growth engine; and its excellent liquidity management, with a minimum two-year reflect information as of the publication date. pre-funding policy. Given Deutsche Telekom's status as a government-related issuer (GRI), the Baa1 rating benefits Contacts from a one-notch uplift stemming from our expectation of support from the Government of Carlos Winzer +34.91.768.8238 Germany (Aaa stable).