Itu-T List of Mobile Country Or Geographical Area Codes
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Why Youtube Buffers: the Secret Deals That Make—And Break—Online Video When Isps and Video Providers Fight Over Money, Internet Users Suffer
Why YouTube buffers: The secret deals that make—and break—online video When ISPs and video providers fight over money, Internet users suffer. Lee Hutchinson has a problem. My fellow Ars writer is a man who loves to watch YouTube videos— mostly space rocket launches and gun demonstrations, I assume—but he never knows when his home Internet service will let him do so. "For at least the past year, I've suffered from ridiculously awful YouTube speeds," Hutchinson tells me. "Ads load quickly—there's never anything wrong with the ads!—but during peak times, HD videos have been almost universally unwatchable. I've found myself having to reduce the quality down to 480p and sometimes even down to 240p to watch things without buffering. More recently, videos would start to play and buffer without issue, then simply stop buffering at some point between a third and two-thirds in. When the playhead hit the end of the buffer—which might be at 1:30 of a six-minute video—the video would hang for several seconds, then simply end. The video's total time would change from six minutes to 1:30 minutes and I'd be presented with the standard 'related videos' view that you see when a video is over." Hutchinson, a Houston resident who pays Comcast for 16Mbps business-class cable, is far from alone. As one Ars reader recently complained, "YouTube is almost unusable on my [Verizon] FiOS connection during peak hours." Another reader responded, "To be fair, it's unusable with almost any ISP." Hutchinson's YouTube playback has actually gotten better in recent weeks. -
ITU Operational Bulletin
ITU Operational Bulletin www.itu.int/itu-t/bulletin No. 1150 15.VI.2018 (Information received by 1 June 2018) ISSN 1564-5223 (Online) Place des Nations CH-1211 Standardization Bureau (TSB) Radiocommunication Bureau (BR) Genève 20 (Switzerland) Tel: +41 22 730 5211 Tel: +41 22 730 5560 Tel: +41 22 730 5111 Fax: +41 22 730 5853 Fax: +41 22 730 5785 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Table of Contents Page GENERAL INFORMATION Lists annexed to the ITU Operational Bulletin: Note from TSB ...................................................................... 3 Approval of ITU-T Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 4 Telephone Service: Kuwait (Communication and Information Technology Regulatory Authority (CITRA), Kuwait City) ........ 5 Viet Nam (Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC), Hanoi) .................................................. 6 Other communication: Serbia ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 Service Restrictions ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Call – Back and alternative calling procedures (Res. 21 Rev. PP – 2006) ....................................................... 10 AMENDMENTS TO SERVICE PUBLICATIONS Mobile Networks Code (MNC) ...................................................................................................................... -
Bebras.Edu.Au
bebras.edu.au Bebras Australia Computational Thinking Challenge Tasks and Solutions 2014 Editors: Karsten Schulz, NICTA Sarah Hobson, Good News Lutheran School Acknowledgements We would like to thank the international Bebras Community for allowing us to use the tasks that they have developed over recent years. Bebras is a collective effort of many countries and we are grateful for the warm welcome that Australia has received. Team Australia’s buddy in the international Bebras Community is Team Germany, which has a long-standing involvement in Bebras since 2006. We have started to contribute Australian-made tasks back to the international Bebras community and are glad to be part of such a wonderful sharing group of countries. Special thanks goes to Eljakim Schrijvers from The Netherlands who is a master of the Bebras System and a key go-to person for Bebras Tasks. Computer science is a very international discipline, and Bebras embodies this principle outstandingly. We would like to thank the Australian Government as represented by the Department of Communications for providing funding to the Digital Careers Initiative which is running Bebras Australia. We would also like to thank the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) for providing advice regarding Bebras tasks. 2 Introduction About Bebras Australia The Bebras Australia Computational Thinking Challenge was established in 2014 to enable Australian primary and secondary school students to have a go at Digital Technologies without programming. The format is designed to engage students in a light and problem-oriented way. For Australia, we have developed the two characters Bruce and Beatrix who accompany the students in many of the tasks. -
Separation of Telstra: Economic Considerations, International Experience
WIK-Consult Report Study for the Competitive Carriers‟ Coalition Separation of Telstra: Economic considerations, international experience Authors: J. Scott Marcus Dr. Christian Wernick Kenneth R. Carter WIK-Consult GmbH Rhöndorfer Str. 68 53604 Bad Honnef Germany Bad Honnef, 2 June 2009 Functional Separation of Telstra I Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Economic and policy background on various forms of separation 4 3 Case studies on different separation regimes 8 3.1 The Establishment of Openreach in the UK 8 3.2 Functional separation in the context of the European Framework for Electronic Communication 12 3.3 Experiences in the U.S. 15 3.3.1 The Computer Inquiries 15 3.3.2 Separate affiliate requirements under Section 272 17 3.3.3 Cellular separation 18 3.3.4 Observations 20 4 Concentration and cross-ownership in the Australian marketplace 21 4.1 Characteristics of the Australian telecommunications market 22 4.2 Cross-ownership of fixed, mobile, and cable television networks 27 4.3 The dominant position of Telstra on the Australian market 28 5 An assessment of Australian market and regulatory characteristics based on Three Criteria Test 32 5.1 High barriers to entry 33 5.2 Likely persistence of those barriers 35 5.3 Inability of other procompetitive instruments to address the likely harm 38 5.4 Conclusion 38 6 The way forward 39 6.1 Regulation or separation? 40 6.2 Structural separation, or functional separation? 42 6.3 What kind of functional separation? 44 6.3.1 Overview of the functional separation 44 6.3.2 What services and assets should be assigned to the separated entity? 47 6.3.3 How should the separation be implemented? 49 Bibliography 52 II Functional Separation of Telstra Recommendations Recommendation 1. -
Stellungnahme Der Deutsche Telekom AG Zum Entwurf Einer Neuen Förderrichtlinie „Mobilfunkförderung“ Des Bundes Vom 22.07.2020
Stellungnahme der Deutsche Telekom AG zum Entwurf einer neuen Förderrichtlinie „Mobilfunkförderung“ des Bundes vom 22.07.2020 Der Mobilfunkausbau in Deutschland wird von den privatwirtschaftlichen Ausbauplänen der Mobilfunkbetreiber getragen. Die Telekom ist einer der wesentlichen Akteure dieses Ausbaus. Die Telekom investiert jedes Jahr über EUR 5 Mrd. in den Netzausbau in Deutsch- land – deutlich mehr als alle Wettbewerber. Dazu gehört der Bau von tausenden neuer Mobilfunkstandorte pro Jahr und Upgrades bestehender Masten. Zur Verbesserung der Netzabdeckung auch gerade in weißen Flecken kooperiert die Telekom auch mit den ande- ren beiden Mobilfunknetzbetreibern Vodafone und Telefónica. Hinzu kommt der bundes- weite Ausbau von Glasfasernetzen im Festnetz. Dieser privatwirtschaftliche Netzausbau ist im Kern wettbewerblich getrieben. Die Tele- kom betreibt bereits heute ein hochleistungsfähiges Mobilfunknetz, mit ausgezeichneter Übertragungsqualität und einer Netzabdeckung der Bevölkerung mit LTE von bundesweit über 98 %. Die ambitionierte Ausbaupläne der Telekom verfolgen unter der Maßgabe „5G bis 2025“ das Ziel, diese Spitzenposition im deutschen Mobilfunkmarkt zu halten und 99% der Haushalte und 90% der Fläche mit 5G zu versorgen und so sowohl die Coverage unseres Netzes zu erhöhen als auch den stetig steigenden Erwartungen unserer Kunden an mobile Datenmengen und Übertragungsqualitäten zu genügen.1 Zusätzlich zu diesen wettbewerblichen Anreizen hat sich die Telekom, wie die anderen Mo- bilfunknetzbetreiber, zu hohen Versorgungsauflagen verpflichtet, die der Frequenzauktion 2019 zugrunde lagen. Im Mobilfunkgipfel 2018 haben sich die Mobilfunknetzbetreiber zu- dem zu einem Netzausbau verpflichtet, der sogar noch über diese Auflagen hinausgeht: Die TDG wird zusammen mit Vodafone und Telefónica bis Ende 2020 99% der Haushalte bun- desweit und bis Ende 2021 99% der Haushalte in jedem Bundesland erschließen. -
US and Plaintiff States V. Deutsche Telekom AG, Et
Case 1:19-cv-02232 Document 1 Filed 07/26/19 Page 1 of 13 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Department of Justice, Antitrust Division 450 5th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20530 STATE OF KANSAS, 120 S.W. 10th Avenue, 2nd Floor Topeka, Kansas 66612-1597 STATE OF NEBRASKA, Case No. 2115 State Capitol Lincoln, Nebraska 68509 Filed: STATE OF OHIO, 150 East Gay Street, 22nd Floor Columbus, Ohio 43215 STATE OF OKLAHOMA, 313 N.E. 21st Street Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105-4894 and STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA, 1302 E. Highway 14, Suite 1 Pierre, South Dakota 57501-8501 Plaintiffs, v. DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 140 Bonn, Germany 53113 T-MOBILE US, INC., 12920 SE 38th Street Bellevue, Washington 98006 SOFTBANK GROUP CORP. 1-9-1 Higashi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 105-7303 Case 1:19-cv-02232 Document 1 Filed 07/26/19 Page 2 of 13 and SPRINT CORPORATION 6200 Sprint Parkway, Overland Park, Kansas 66251-4300 Defendants. COMPLAINT The United States of America and the States of Kansas, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, and South Dakota (“Plaintiff States”) bring this civil antitrust action to prevent the merger of T- Mobile and Sprint, two of the four national facilities-based mobile wireless carriers in the United States. The United States and Plaintiff States allege as follows: I. NATURE OF THE ACTION 1. Mobile wireless service is an integral part of modern American life. The average American household spends over $1,000 a year on mobile wireless service, not including the additional costs of wireless devices, applications, media content, and accessories. -
Anticipated Acquisition by BT Group Plc of EE Limited
Anticipated acquisition by BT Group plc of EE Limited Appendices and glossary Appendix A: Terms of reference and conduct of the inquiry Appendix B: Industry background Appendix C: Financial performance of companies Appendix D: Regulation Appendix E: Transaction and merger rationale Appendix F: Retail mobile Appendix G: Spectrum, capacity, and speed Appendix H: Fixed-mobile bundles Appendix I: Wholesale mobile: total foreclosure analysis Appendix J: Wholesale mobile: partial foreclosure analysis Appendix K: Mobile backhaul: input foreclosure Appendix L: Retail fixed broadband: Market A Appendix M: Retail broadband: superfast broadband Glossary APPENDIX A Terms of reference and conduct of the inquiry Terms of reference 1. In exercise of its duty under section 33(1) of the Enterprise Act 2002 (the Act) the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) believes that it is or may be the case that: (a) arrangements are in progress or in contemplation which, if carried into effect, will result in the creation of a relevant merger situation in that: (i) enterprises carried on by, or under the control of, BT Group plc will cease to be distinct from enterprises currently carried on by, or under the control of, EE Limited; and (ii) section 23(1)(b) of the Act is satisfied; and (b) the creation of that situation may be expected to result in a substantial lessening of competition within a market or markets in the United Kingdom (the UK) for goods or services, including the supply of: (i) wholesale access and call origination services to mobile virtual network operators; and (ii) fibre mobile backhaul services to mobile network operators. -
Narrowband-Iot: Pushing the Boundaries of Iot
Narrowband-IoT: pushing the boundaries of IoT Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) is a new standard connecting internet of things projects. vodafone.com/iot/nb-iot The future is exciting. Ready? Executive summary This paper gives technical decision-makers an overview of NB-IoT, the communications technology that will underpin industrial-grade internet of things deployments. Introducing LPWA and NB-IoT Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) describes a category of wireless communication technologies designed to support internet of things (IoT) deployments. LPWA technologies are designed to deliver: Strong coverage over large areas, Great power efficiency, so devices Massive scale, connecting even when devices are underground can run on batteries for 10 years or potentially millions of devices at once or deep within buildings more without a charge in a single deployment Low cost communications Low bandwidth, with most use cases hardware, enabling data collection requiring just a few bytes of data to be devices to be built for less than $10 transmitted per device per day A number of different technologies have been developed to fulfil LPWA requirements, and we believe Narrowband For more detail about LPWA, NB-IoT and its IoT (NB-IoT) not only offers enterprise-grade technical competition, see page 5. specifications, but is also the practical choice for carriers, device manufacturers and ultimately enterprise users. To understand why NB-IoT is uniquely suited to business IoT deployments, we compare NB-IoT against two LPWA alternatives, LoRa and Sigfox. Narrowband-IoT 2 2017 Key findings The evolution of the Internet of Things means that there is an urgent need for a low- power way to connect thousands of devices in field. -
Guide to WIPO's Services for Country Code Top-Level Domain Registries
Guide to WIPO’s services for country code top-level domain registries Domain name registrations across country code top-level domains (“ccTLDs”) serve as important local business identifiers. Their number continues to increase over time. When trademark-related disputes arise, ccTLD registry operators often prefer to outsource case administration to WIPO – at no cost – for neutral and independent decision-making. Guide to WIPO’s services for country code top-level domain registries This guide presents ccTLD registry operators and national authorities with information on how to resolve third-party domain name disputes in a cost- and time-saving manner. The guide explains the main policy design features of a successful Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) system. It also provides information on the WIPO-created Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) and the possibility to tailor the UDRP for specific ccTLD requirements. 3 Guide to WIPO’s services for country code top-level domain registries WIPO can assist ccTLDs in a number of ways There are a variety of national, economic, cultural, and linguistic considerations that are important for the ccTLD community. To curb the abusive registration of domain names that conflict with intellectual property (IP) rights, and in particular to resolve disputes between third parties, WIPO’s ccTLD Program can assist ccTLDs in the following ways: Advice on Advice on Tailoring and registration new dispute updating terms and resolution existing dispute conditions policies resolution policies Free -
Country Code Top-Level Domain (Cctld) Project for State of Kuwait
Country Code Top-Level Domain (ccTLD) Project for State of Kuwait Communication and Information Technology Regulatory Authority (CITRA) assigns, organizes, manages and codes the top domain names for the State of Kuwait (.kw) for access to the Internet in accordance with best practices and standards in this field, ensuring the efficiency, fairness and transparency for the beneficiaries. This includes the regulation and implementation of all regulations, policies and procedures in relation to the operation of the country code's top-level domain. What is a domain name? A domain name is the address and identity of any website. It is a means of accessing websites directly without having to search them in the search engines. The domain name is a system of converting IP addresses and numbers used to locate computers on the Internet. Domain names provide a system of easy-to-use Internet addresses that can be translated through the DNS - Domain Name System (a system that stores information related to Internet domain names in a decentralized database on the Internet) on the network. What is a ccTLD? Country code top-level domains or the highest country encoding range: used by an independent country or territory. It consists of two letters, such as .eg for Egypt or. sa for Saudi Arabia or .kw for the State of Kuwait. The registration of a domain name (.kw) became easy and smooth process after the establishment and launch of the electronic registration system for the management and operation of domains through the Communication and Information Technology Regulatory Authority and the accredited registrars authorized by the Communication and Information Technology Regulatory Authority and responsible for providing integrated registration services for those wishing to register (.Kw). -
Dr. Neuhaus Telekommunikation Mobile Network Code
Dr. Neuhaus Telekommunikation Mobile Network Code The Mobile Country Code (MCC) is the fixed country identification. The Mobile Network Code (MNC) defines a GSM‐, UMTS‐, or Tetra radio network provider. This numbers will be allocates June 2011 autonomus from each country. Only in the alliance of bothscodes (MCC + MNC) the mobile radio network can be identified. All informations without guarantee Country MCC MNC Provider Operator APN User Name Password Abkhazia (Georgia) 289 67 Aquafon Aquafon Abkhazia (Georgia) 289 88 A-Mobile A-Mobile Afghanistan 412 01 AWCC Afghan Afghanistan 412 20 Roshan Telecom Afghanistan 412 40 Areeba MTN Afghanistan 412 50 Etisalat Etisalat Albania 276 01 AMC Albanian Albania 276 02 Vodafone Vodafone Twa guest guest Albania 276 03 Eagle Mobile Albania 276 04 Plus Communication Algeria 603 01 Mobilis ATM Algeria 603 02 Djezzy Orascom Algeria 603 03 Nedjma Wataniya Andorra 213 03 Mobiland Servei Angola 631 02 UNITEL UNITEL Anguilla (United Kingdom) 365 10 Weblinks Limited Anguilla (United Kingdom) 365 840 Cable & Antigua and Barbuda 344 30 APUA Antigua Antigua and Barbuda 344 920 Lime Cable Antigua and Barbuda 338 50 Digicel Antigua Argentina 722 10 Movistar Telefonica internet.gprs.unifon.com. wap wap ar internet.unifon Dr. Neuhaus Telekommunikation Mobile Network Code The Mobile Country Code (MCC) is the fixed country identification. The Mobile Network Code (MNC) defines a GSM‐, UMTS‐, or Tetra radio network provider. This numbers will be allocates June 2011 autonomus from each country. Only in the alliance of bothscodes (MCC + MNC) the mobile radio network can be identified. All informations without guarantee Country MCC MNC Provider Operator APN User Name Password Argentina 722 70 Movistar Telefonica internet.gprs.unifon.com. -
Etsi Ts 133 108 V13.3.0 (2016-10)
ETSI TS 1133 108 V13.3.0 (201616-10) TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Universal Mobile Telelecommunications System ((UMTS); LTE; 3G security; Handover interfarface for Lawful Interceptionn (LI)( (3GPP TS 33.1.108 version 13.3.0 Release 13) 3GPP TS 33.108 version 13.3.0 Release 13 1 ETSI TS 133 108 V13.3.0 (2016-10) Reference RTS/TSGS-0333108vd30 Keywords LTE,SECURITY,UMTS ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.